NewSevenQCTools.ppt

1、The New Seven Q.C. Tools,A Training Presentation on the N7,By Christopher Diaz,What are the New Seven Q.C. Tools,Affinity Diagrams,Relations Diagrams,Tree Diagrams,Matrix Diagrams,Arrow Diagrams,Process Decision Program Charts,Matrix Data Analysis,History of the New Seven Q.C. Tools,Committee of J.U

2、.S.E. - 1972 Aim was to develop more QC techniques with design approach Work in conjunction with original Basic Seven Tools New set of methods (N7) - 1977,Slide 1 0f 2,History of the New Seven Q.C. Tools,Developed to organize verbal data diagrammatically. Basic 7 tools effective for data analysis, p

3、rocess control, and quality improvement (numerical data) Used together increases TQM effectiveness,Slide 2 0f 2,What are the Basic Seven Q.C. Tools?,Flow Charts,Run Charts,Histograms,Pareto Diagrams,Cause and Effect Diagrams,Scatter Diagrams,Control Charts,Relation Between New Seven Q.C. Tools and B

4、asic Seven Tools,FACTS,Data,Numerical Data,Verbal Data,Organize,The Seven New Tools,Information,The Basic Seven Tools,Generate Ideas Formulate plans,Analytical approach,Define problem after collecting numerical data,Define problem before collecting numerical data,Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New

5、QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984),Enhanced Capabilities,Generate ideas,Improve planning,Eliminate errors and omissions,Explain problems intelligibly,Secure full cooperation,Persuade powerfully,Benefits of Incorporating New Seven Q.C. Tools,Organize verbal data,Slide 1 0f 4,Enhanced Keys

6、to Organizational Reform,Clarify the desired situation,Prioritize tasks effectively,Proceed systematically,Anticipate future events,Change proactively,Get things right the first time,Benefits of Incorporating New Seven Q.C. Tools,Assess situations from various angles,Slide 2 0f 4,Five Objectives of

7、Organizational Reform which will establish a Culture that:,Gives importance to planning,Stresses the importance of the process,Prioritizes tasks,Encourages everyone to think systematically,Benefits of Incorporating New Seven Q.C. Tools,Slide 3 0f 4,Identifies problems,Benefits of Incorporating New S

8、even Q.C. Tools,Unstructured Problem must be put into solvable form,Problem is mapped,Problem becomes obvious to all,Problem is in solvable form,Slide 4 0f 4,The Seven New Tools,Thoughts are easily organized,Things go well,People understand problem,Cooperation is obtained,Countermeasures are on targ

9、et,Problem becomes obvious to all,Nub of problem is identified,Problem can be clearly articulated,Plans are easily laid,Nothing is omitted,Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984),New Seven Q.C. ToolsAffinity Diagrams,For Pinpointing the Problem in a Chaotic

10、Situation and Generating Solution Strategies,Gathers large amounts of intertwined verbal data (ideas, opinions, issues) Organizes the data into groups based on natural relationship Makes it feasible for further analysis and to find a solution to the problem.,Slide 1 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsAffinity

11、 Diagrams,Advantages of Affinity Diagrams,Facilitates breakthrough thinking and stimulate fresh ideas Permits the problem to be pinned down accurately Ensures everyone clearly recognizes the problem Incorporates opinions of entire group,Slide 2 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsAffinity Diagrams,Advantages o

12、f Affinity Diagrams (cont.),Fosters team spirit Raises everyones level of awareness Spurs to the group into action,Slide 3 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsAffinity Diagrams,Constructing an Affinity Diagram Group Method Approach,Slide 4 0f 7,Select a topic,Collect verbal data by brainstorming,Discuss info c

13、ollected until everyone understands it thoroughly,Write each item on separate data card,Spread out all cards on table,New Seven Q.C. ToolsAffinity Diagrams,Constructing an Affinity Diagram Group Method Approach (cont.),Slide 5 0f 7,Move data cards into groups of similar themes (natural affinity for

14、each other),Combine statements on data cards to new Affinity statement,Make new card with Affinity statement,Continue to combine until less than 5 groups,New Seven Q.C. ToolsAffinity Diagrams,Constructing an Affinity Diagram Group Method Approach (cont.),Slide 6 0f 7,Lay the groups outs, keeping the

15、 affinity clusters together,Next, complete the diagram,New Seven Q.C. ToolsAffinity Diagrams,Completing an Affinity Diagram,Slide 7 0f 7,Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984),New Seven Q.C. ToolsRelations Diagrams,For Finding Solutions Strategies by Clarif

16、ying Relationships with Complex Interrelated Causes,Resolves tangled issues by unraveling the logical connection Allows for “Multi-directional” thinking rather than linear Also known as Interrelationship diagrams,Slide 1 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsRelations Diagrams,Advantages of Relations Diagrams,Us

17、eful at planning stage for obtaining perspective on overall situation Facilitates consensus among team Assists to develop and change peoples thinking Enables priorities to be identified accurately,Slide 2 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsRelations Diagrams,Advantages of Relations Diagrams (cont.),Makes the

18、problem recognizable by clarifying the relationships among causes,Slide 3 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsRelations Diagrams,Constructing a Relations Diagram Group Method Approach,Slide 4 0f 7,Express the problem in form of “Why isnt something happening?”,Each member lists 5 causes affecting problem,Discus

19、s info collected until everyone understands it thoroughly,Write each item on a card,New Seven Q.C. ToolsRelations Diagrams,Constructing a Relations Diagram Group Method Approach (cont.),Slide 5 0f 7,Move cards into similar groups,Asking why, explore the cause-effect relationships, and divide the car

20、ds into primary, secondary and tertiary causes,Connect all cards by these relationships,Further discuss until all possible causes have been identified,New Seven Q.C. ToolsRelations Diagrams,Constructing a Relations Diagram Group Method Approach (cont.),Slide 6 0f 7,Connect all related groups,Next, c

21、omplete the diagram,Review whole diagram looking for relationships among causes,New Seven Q.C. ToolsRelations Diagrams,Completing a Relations Diagram,Slide 7 0f 7,Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984),New Seven Q.C. ToolsTree Diagrams,For Systematically Pu

22、rsuing the Best Strategies for Attaining an Objective,Develops a succession of strategies for achieving objectives Reveals methods to achieve the results. Also known as Systematic diagrams or Dendrograms,Slide 1 0f 5,New Seven Q.C. ToolsTree Diagrams,Advantages of Tree Diagrams,Systematic and logica

23、l approach is less likely that items are omitted Facilitates agreement among team Are extremely convincing with strategies,Slide 2 0f 5,Discuss means of achieving objective (primary means, first level strategy),New Seven Q.C. ToolsTree Diagrams,Constructing a Tree Diagram Group Method Approach,Slide

24、 3 0f 5,Write Relations Diagram topic (Objective card),Identify constraints on how objective can be achieved,Take each primary mean, write ob-jective for achieving it (secondary means),New Seven Q.C. ToolsTree Diagrams,Constructing an Tree Diagram Group Method Approach (cont.),Slide 4 0f 5,Continue

25、to expand to the fourth level,Review each system of means in both directions (from objective to means and means to objective),Add more cards if needed,Connect all levels,Next, complete the diagram,New Seven Q.C. ToolsTree Diagrams,Completing a Tree Diagram,Slide 5 0f 5,Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seve

26、n New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984),New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix Diagrams,For Clarifying Problems by “Thinking Multidimensionally”,Consists of a two-dimensional array to determine location and nature of problem Discovers key ideas by relationships represented by the cells in matrix.,Sl

27、ide 1 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix Diagrams,Advantages of Matrix Diagrams,Enable data on ideas based on extensive experience Clarifies relationships among different elements Makes overall structure of problem immediately obvious Combined from two to four types of diagrams, location of problem is

28、clearer.,Slide 2 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix Diagrams,Advantages of Matrix Diagrams (cont.),5 types: L-shaped, T-shaped, Y-shaped, X-shaped, and C-shaped,Slide 3 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix Diagrams,Constructing a Matrix Diagram,Slide 4 0f 7,Write final-level means from Tree diagram forming

29、vertical axis,Write in Evaluation categories (efficacy, practicability, and rank) on horizontal axis.,Write names along horizontal axis,Examine final-level means to identify whom will implement them,New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix Diagrams,Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.),Slide 5 0f 7,Label group of

30、 columns as “Responsibilities”,Label right-hand end of horizontal axis as “Remarks”,Examine each cell and insert the appropriate symbol: Efficacy: O=good, =satisfactory, X=none Practicability: O=good,=satisfactory, X=none,New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix Diagrams,Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.),Slid

31、e 6 0f 7,Fill out remarks column and record meanings of symbol,Next, complete the diagram,Examine cells under Responsibility Columns, insert double-circle for Principal and single-circle for Subsidiary,Determine score for each combination of symbols, record in rank column,New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix

32、Diagrams,Completing a Matrix Diagram,Slide 7 0f 7,Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984),New Seven Q.C. ToolsArrow Diagrams,For Working Out Optimal Schedules and Controlling Them Effectively,Shows relationships among tasks needed to implement a plan Network

33、 technique using nodes for events and arrows for activities Used in PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method),Slide 1 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsArrow Diagrams,Advantages of Arrow Diagrams,Allows overall task to viewed and potential snags to be identified before wor

34、k starts Leads to discovery of possible improvements Makes it easy to monitor progress of work Deals promptly with changes to plan Improves communication among team,Slide 2 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsArrow Diagrams,Advantages of Arrow Diagrams (cont.),Promotes understanding and agreement among group,S

35、lide 3 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsArrow Diagrams,Constructing an Arrow Diagram,Slide 4 0f 7,From strategies on Tree diagram, select one (Objective of Arrow Diagram),Identify constraints to Objective,Write all essential activities on separate cards,List all activities necessary to achieving Objective,N

36、ew Seven Q.C. ToolsArrow Diagrams,Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.),Slide 5 0f 7,Organize cards in sequential order of activities,Remove any duplicate activities,Review order of activities, find sequence with greatest amount of activities,Arrange parallel activities,New Seven Q.C. ToolsArrow Dia

37、grams,Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.),Slide 6 0f 7,Record names and other necessary information,Next, complete the diagram,Examine path, number nodes in sequence from left to right,New Seven Q.C. ToolsArrow Diagrams,Completing an Arrow Diagram,Slide 7 0f 7,Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New Q

38、C Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984),New Seven Q.C. ToolsProcess Decisions Program Charts,For Producing the Desired Result from Many Possible Outcomes,Used to plan various contingencies Used for getting activities back on track Steers events in required direction if unanticipated problems oc

39、cur Finds feasible counter measures to overcome problems,Slide 1 0f 7,Advantages of Process Decisions Program Charts (PDPCs),Facilitates forecasting Uses past to anticipate contingencies Enables problems to pinpointed Illustrates how events will be directed to successful conclusion Enables those inv

40、olved to understand decision-makers intentions,Slide 2 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsProcess Decisions Program Charts,Advantages of PDPCs (cont.),Fosters cooperation and communication in group Easily modified and easily understood,Slide 3 0f 7,New Seven Q.C. ToolsProcess Decisions Program Charts,Construc

41、ting a PDPC,Slide 4 0f 7,Select a highly effective, but difficult strategy from the Tree diagram,Decide on a goal (most desirable outcome),Identify constraints of objective,Identify existing situation (Starting point),New Seven Q.C. ToolsProcess Decisions Program Charts,List activities to reach goal

42、 and potential problems with each activity,Constructing an PDPC (cont.),Slide 5 0f 7,Review list. Add extra activities or problems not thought of previously,Prepare contingency plan for each step and review what action is needed if step is not achieved,Examine carefully to check for inconsistencies

43、and all important factors are included,New Seven Q.C. ToolsProcess Decisions Program Charts,Constructing an PDPC (cont.),Slide 6 0f 7,Next, complete the diagram,Examine to make sure all contingency plans are adequate,New Seven Q.C. ToolsProcess Decisions Program Charts,Completing a PDPC,Slide 7 0f 7

44、,New Seven Q.C. ToolsProcess Decisions Program Charts,Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984),New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix Data Analysis,Principal Component Analysis,Technique quantifies and arranges data presented in Matrix Based solely on numerical data Find

45、s indicators that differentiate and attempt to clarify large amount of information,Slide 1 0f 6,New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix Data Analysis,Advantages of Principal Component Analysis,Can be used in various fields (market surveys, new product planning, process analysis) Can be when used when Matrix diag

46、ram does not give sufficient information Useful as Prioritization Grid,Slide 2 0f 6,New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix Data Analysis,Constructing a Prioritization Grid Source: Foster, S., Managing Quality (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001),Slide 3 0f 6,Determine your goal, your alternatives, and

47、criteria for decision,Place selection in order of importance,Sum individual ratings to establish overall ranking (Divide by number of options for average ranking),Apply percentage weight to each option (all weights should add up to 1),New Seven Q.C. ToolsMatrix Data Analysis,Constructing a Prioritiz

48、ation Grid (cont.),Slide 4 0f 6,Rank order each option with respect to criterion (Average the rankings and apply a completed ranking),Multiply weight by associated rank in Matrix (in example, 4 is best, 1 is worst),Result is Importance Score,Add up Importance Scores for each option,New Seven Q.C. To

49、ols Matrix Data Analysis,Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.),Slide 5 0f 6,See completed the diagram,Rank order the alternatives according to importance,Completing a Prioritization Grid,Slide 6 0f 6,New Seven Q.C. Tools Matrix Data Analysis,Source: Foster, S., Managing Quality (Upper Saddle Ri

50、ver, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001),Review New Seven Q.C. Tools,Affinity Diagrams,Relations Diagrams,Tree Diagrams,Matrix Diagrams,Arrow Diagrams,Process Decision Program Charts,Matrix Data Analysis,Mental Attitudes - Keen awareness to the actual problem - Eagerness to solve problem - Be highly motivated

51、for the challenge,Keys to Successfully Using the New Seven Q.C. Tools,Slide 1 0f 5,Four Specific Keys Understand the problem Select the right tool for the job Obtain appropriate verbal data Interpret analytical results,Keys to Successfully Using the New Seven Q.C. Tools,Slide 2 0f 5,Understand the p

52、roblem Stage 1 - problem is unclear and not obvious what exact issue should be addressed Stage 2 - problem is obvious, but causes unknown explore causes and single out valid ones Stage 3 - problem and causes are known required action is unknown strategies and plan must be developed,4 Specific Keys,K

53、eys to Successfully Using the New Seven Q.C. Tools,Slide 3 0f 5,Selecting Right tool for the Job Stage 1 - Collect verbal information on events (Affinity Diagram) Stage 2 - Choose tool to identify causes (Relations Diagram / Matrix Diagram) Stage 3 - List strategies and activities (Tree Diagram / Re

54、lations Diagram) Plan actual activities (Arrow Diagram / PDPC Chart),4 Specific Keys (cont.),Keys to Successfully Using the New Seven Q.C. Tools,Slide 4 0f 5,Obtaining appropriate verbal data Three types of verbal data: - Facts; factual observations expressed in words - Opinions; factual information

55、 colored by opinion - Ideas; New concepts created by analyzing facts .Group Discussions: - Ensures common understanding - All data should be without bias or distortion - Data should fit objective of the analysis,4 Specific Keys (cont.),Keys to Successfully Using the New Seven Q.C. Tools,Slide 5 0f 5,Interpreting Analytical Results Information must be obtained for accomplishing objectives from: - Completed diagrams; or - Process of completing diagrams Analyze actual information obtained: - Prepare summarized report with findings, conclusions, and processes used - Check i