翻译---分合译法

1、English College,Chinese-English TranslationLecture 5 Division & Condensation,Lecturer：Echo,Part 1,New Translation Strategy: Division,What is division?,Definition of Division: Picking out words, phrases or clauses and make them into Chinese word-groups, clauses or sentences, coordinate(并列句) or subord

2、inate(从句).,A Picking Out of Words(拆译单词),There are three steps to deal with words: Determine which word(s) to pick out Apply Conversion or Addition, if necessary, to make the translated version smooth and well-connected Rearrange the word order according to the Chinese mode of Expression.,1将原句中的名词分译成

3、单独的句子,1The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything into chaos. 烟尘滚滚，人声嘈杂，夜色渐深。一切都处于混乱之中。 2She left home a child and came back a mother of three children. 她离家时还是个孩子，回来时却已是一位三个孩子的母亲了。,2. 将原句中的动词分译成单独的句子,1The town boasts a beautiful lake. 镇上有一个美丽的湖，人人以此为傲。 2Nowadays environment protectio

4、n has been considered a crucial problem. 如今，人们已经认识到，环境保护是一个至关重要的问题。,3将原句中的形容词分译成单独的句子,1His announcement got a mixed reaction . 他的声明引起了反响，有好有坏。 2That guy was the most identifiable fox. 一眼就能看出，那家伙是头老狐狸。 3Buckley was in a clear minority. 巴克利属于少数派，这是明摆着的事实。,4. 将原句中的副词分译成单独的句子,1He unnecessarily spent a l

5、ot of time introducing this book. 他花了很长时间介绍这本书，其实没有必要。 2She was pardonably proud of her wonderful cooking. 她为她高超的烹调技术自豪，这是情有可原的。,1将原句中的名词短语分译成单独的句子,原句中的名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成单独的句子，使得译文更为流畅，重点更为突出。 1I cannot see my grandfather again, a regretful thing. 我再也不能见到我的祖父了。这是多么遗憾的事。 2The wrong power-line co

6、nnections will damage the motor. 如果把电线接错，就会损坏电动机.,2将原句中的分词短语分译成单独的句子,分词短语作状语和定语是英语语言的一大特色，汉语中却不存在这样的情况。因此，在翻译过程中，通常需要采用分句法将分词短语分译成一句单独的句子。 1Not knowing what to do, I telephoned the police. 因为不知该怎么做，我打电话报了警。 2. Liu Xiang broke the Olympic record of 110 metres hurdles set by Allen Johnson in 2004. 200

7、4年，刘翔打破了110栏的奥运记录。该记录是由阿兰约翰逊创造的。,3将原句中的介词短语分译成单独的句子。,1The machine is working none the worse for its long service. 这部机器并不因使用的时间长而性能变差了。（原因状语从句） 2. He is a man with many grey hairs,with a heavy burden of responsibility, of thoughts and worries. （ ） 他已是长了许多灰发，肩负重任，心中充满思考和忧虑的人。 他鬓发斑白，肩负重任，思绪万千，焦虑满怀。,III

8、句子的分译 1将简单句分译成两个或更多独立的句子。,1Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. 黎明时分，大雾弥漫，细雨蒙蒙。 2It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterfiles coming down can make it. 绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩， 这日子是如此清新可爱,2. 并列句的分译。,常见的并列连词有and, or, so, but, yet, for, however, then等。在翻译实践中，并列句常常在各分句连接

9、处加以切分，译成两个或两个以上的句子. 1Unfortunately, the want of the family had kept him from school and he seemed to feel the loss. 不幸的是，他因家境贫寒不能上学。他似乎痛切地感受到这种损失。 （在and处切分） 2I must be off now, or Ill be late for school. 我得走了，不然上学要迟到的。 （在or处切分）,3. 复合句的分译。,英语复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。在翻译实践中，常采用分句法来翻译复合句，在关联词处加以切分，将从句分译成单

10、独的句子。 1I told the news to Robert, who told it to his friend Larry, and soon the news spread all over the campus. 我把消息告诉了罗伯特，他又告诉了他的朋友莱里，消息很快在校园里传开了。（在who前切分） 2There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. 我访问过一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可多着呢。（在两个省略了关联词的定语从句前切分）,VI

11、分句法在汉译英中的应用,1他为人单纯而坦率。 He was very clean. His mind was open. 2少年时光是一去不复返的，等到年老时再后悔就来不及了。 Youth will soon be gone，never to return. And it will be too late for you to regret when you are old.,English College,New Translation Strategy,Condensation,What is condensation?,Definition of Condensation: A tech

12、nique employed to achieve conciseness and contractedness in translation. Condense: a phrase a word a clause a word-group a complex/compound sentence a simple sentence two or more simple sentences one simple sentence Condensation and division are usually together in use.,合句法 I简单句与简单句的合并,在英译汉中，有时会把原文中

13、的两个或两个以上的简单句合并成一个句子，这样能使译文更为简洁明了. 1She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems. 她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力，还善于解决问题。（两句合一） 2The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a sofa. She was near too tired, barely able to move her feet. 门没锁上，她走了进去，在沙发上坐下，极度的疲惫几乎使她无力挪动双脚。（

14、三句合一）,II. 并列句和并列句的合并,1并列句的合并。有时候可以将并列句合并成一个单独的句子。如： 1）Neither has Mary wanted to rent a house，nor does her husband 玛丽和她丈夫都不想租房子。 2）Tom has gone to New York and hasnt come back yet. 汤姆去了纽约还没回来。,2.复合句的合并,在翻译中，有时可以把原文中的主从复合句合译成一个简单句。常见于定语从句的翻译中，即将定语从句翻译成一个短语，放在被修饰名词之前。 1He is not the one who will give

15、up easily. 他不是一个轻易服输的人。 2Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。,1这项工作太难了，你干不了。 The work is too hard for you to accomplish. (两个简单句合并成一个单句) 2我已了解清楚，他的结论是以事实为依据的。 I have made it clear that his conclusion is based on the fact. (两个简单句合并成一个带有宾语从句的复合句) 3我们可得出这

16、样的结论：公司的新计划是会取得成功的。 We can draw the conclusion that our companys new plan will be a success. (两个简单句合并成一个带有同位语从句的复合句),III. 合句法在汉译英中的应用。,Assignments,Condensation: 1 We have so often seen exciting stories about gun battles in Chicagos streets. We forget how frequently such crimes and disorders happen i

17、n cities that are as big and busy as Chicago. 2 Suddenly he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. 3 Now, a rough strategic balance has evolved between East and West. More nations have the technical ability to produce advanced weapons. Many others have amassed huge arsenals.,Exercises,Division: 1 A beautifully situated park on the lakes shore provides a perfect spot to savor an ice cream while watching the boats darting about on the bay or the exciting arriv