河南省部分重点高中2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次质量检测英语试题（含答案解析）

2023～2024学年度下学期第一次质量检测高二英语全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2．请按题号顺序在答题卡上各题目的答题区域内作答，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3．选择题用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选答案的标号涂黑;非选择题用黑色签字笔在答题卡上作答;字体工整，笔迹清楚。4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15．B．£9.18．C．£9.15．答案是C。1．Whereistheringnow?A．Inthelivingroom.B．Inthebathroom.C．Inthegarden.2．Whichteamwonthegame?A．China.B．Japan.C．France.3．Howdidthewomancelebrateherbirthdaythisyear?A．Shepicnickedinapark.B．Shetookaride.C．Shegaveaparty.4．Whenwillthetaxiarrive?A．In5minutes.B．Rightnow.C．In40minutes.5．Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A．Borrowcontainers.B．Storesomewater.C．Repairapipe.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatdoesthewomanprobablyrequirethemantodo?A．Takeouttherubbish.B．Punishbadchildren.C．Beseriousinhiswork.7．Whatisthewomanprobably?A．Amanager.B．Aheadmaster.C．Anewworker.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inaflowershop.B．Inavehiclerepairplant.C．Inatransportcompany.9．Whathappenedtothewoman?A．Sheranoutofgas.B．Hercarwouldn’tstart.C．Shecouldn’tfindthekeys.10．Whatwillthemandonext?A．Calltheclient.B．Teachthewomanhowtoride.C．Examinethewireconnections.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．WhydoesthemanstayinNewYork?A．Tocompletehisbusinesscourse.B．Toteachattheuniversity.C．Togoonatrip.12．Whatisthemandoing?A．Buyingatelevision.B．Huntingforchairs.C．Visitinganapartment.13．Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheneighbourhood?A．It’sclean.B．It’sbig.C．It’sbusy.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Teacherandstudent.B．Hostandinterviewee.C．Husbandandwife15．Whatcanweknowabouttheanimalsinthedisasterashorttimeago?A．Thefishdiedofararedisease.B．Therewasoilonthebird’swings.C．Thewhaleswerewashedupontheshore.16．HowdoesthemanthinkofAlice’sjob?A．Relaxing.B．Free.C．Hard.17．WhydidAlicechoosethejob?A．Shehadaninterestinthesea.B．Shelikedbeingonthebeach.C．Shelovedoutdooractivities.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Anewumbrella.B．ThejourneyinParis.C．ThetrafficinFrance.19．Whatisthemainattractionofthehotel’slocationforthespeaker?A．Itisnearabakery.B．ItisclosetotheEiffelTower.C．ItisnotfarfromLouvre.20．WhydidthespeakercometoParis?A．Tovisitgoodfriends.B．TotasteFrenchfood.C．Toseesomeartworks.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APICKSOFTHEDAYMusic:CrossfireHurricane,BBC4,9p.m.Itisadocumentarythattracestheeventfulfirst20yearsofoneofBritain’smostsuccessfulrockbands,TheRollingStones.Featuringnever-before-seeninterviews,this2012filmrecordsthegroup’searlyyearsthroughto1981.MickJagger,KeithRichards,CharlieWatts,RonnieWood,BillWymanandMickTaylorrecollectkeymoments,includingtheinfamousAltamontconcertandtherecordingofcassisalbumExileOnMainStreet.Film:TheGirlInTheSpider’sWeb,Film4,9p.m.SwedishhackerLisbethSalanderishiredbycomputergeniusFransBaldertoretrieve(找回)Firefall,aprogrammecapableofaccessingtheworld’snuclearcodes,whichhedevelopedfortheNationalSecurityAgency.ThoughSalandermanagestofindFirefall,problemsarisewhenRussiancriminalsstealherlaptop.It’snotlongbeforeSalanderisfightingforherlifeagainstenemies.Thriller,starringClaireFoy,SylviaHoeksandStephenMerchant.Travel:KateHumble’sCoastalBritain,C5,8p.m.KateHumble’sstartingpointforthelatestlegofherjourneyisthepicturesquevillageofAlnmouth,oncealeadinggrainportinthe18thcentury.Today,it’sknownforitscolourfulhousesandasweepofsandybeachwhereKatemeetsaformerGP,Claire,whousesthesandtocreatetemporarylarge-scaleartworksandportraits,whicharevisibleforonlyafewhoursbeforethetide(潮水)sweepsthemaway.Gardening:MontyDon’sAdriaticGardens,BBC2,8p.m.ThepresenterbeginsthelatestleginthecityofTrieste,nearItaly’sborderwithCroatia.Hevisitsapublicgardencreatedbyanobsessiveroyalplantsmanmorethan150yearsago,whichisnowbeingcarefullyrestored.MontythenheadsdowntheAdriaticcoastthroughCroatiatopickupthetrailthattheVenetiansfollowed.Thegreen-fingeredexpertendshisjourneyontheislandofLopud,nearDubrovnik.1.WhichchannelwillyouchooseifyouareafanofClaireFoy?A.C5. B.Film4. C.BBC4. D.BBC2.2.Whocanusethesandtocreateartworks?A.Kate. B.Claire. C.Mick. D.Monty.3.Whatisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Afilmreview. B.Atextbook.C.Anadvertisement. D.Atravelbrochure.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四档分别涉及音乐、电影、旅行和园艺的电视节目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Film部分中“TheGirlInTheSpider’sWeb,Film4,9p.m.(《蜘蛛网中的女孩》，电影频道4，晚上9点)”和“Thriller,starringClaireFoy,SylviaHoeksandStephenMerchant.(惊悚片，主演ClaireFoy、SylviaHoeks和StephenMerchant)”可知，如果你是ClaireFoy的粉丝，你应该在电影频道4看由他主演的电影《蜘蛛网中的女孩》。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Travel部分中“Today,it’sknownforitscolourfulhousesandasweepofsandybeachwhereKatemeetsaformerGP,Claire,whousesthesandtocreatetemporarylarge-scaleartworksandportraits,whicharevisibleforonlyafewhoursbeforethetide(潮水)sweepsthemaway.(如今，它以色彩斑斓的房屋和绵延的沙滩而闻名，在那里，Kate遇到了一位前全科医生Claire，他用沙子创作了临时大型艺术品和肖像，在潮水冲走之前，只有几个小时是可见的)”可知，Claire能用沙子创作艺术品。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是标题“PICKSOFTHEDAY(每日精选)”可知，文章为读者挑选了四部分别涉及音乐、电影、旅行和园艺的电视节目，介绍其播放的频道、时间和节目大致内容等信息，文章与电视娱乐相关，再结合选项可推知，它应该出自一则广告。故选C项。BIn1925,amalesled(雪橇)dognamedBaltoleda13-dogteamthroughanextremesnowstormduringthefinalpartofa1,088-kilometretrip,bringinglifesavingmedicinetotheAlaskancityofNomeduringanoutbreakofthediseasediphtheria(白喉),aseriousandsometimesdeadlyinfection.BaltowascelebratedasaherowhosepreservedbodystillstandsattheClevelandMuseumofNaturalHistoryinthestateofOhio.Recently,scientiststookDNAfromBalto’spreservedbodyandstudieditaspartofalargeprojectcalledZoonomia.Themassivestudycomparesgeneticinformationindifferentanimalsandhumans.BaltobelongedtoapopulationofworkingsleddogsinAlaska,whichwasfoundtohavegreatergeneticdiversityandgenetichealththanmoderndogs.Whendiphtheriaspread,Nome’sportwasblockedbyice.Sleddogsweretheonlywaytogettheimportantmedicinethere.Baltowasoneof150dogsthatpulledsledsforpartsofthe127-hourtrip.Duringthetrip,temperaturesreachedminus(零下)45degreesCelsius.Bornin1919,BaltowaspartofapopulationofsleddogsimportedfromSiberia,knownasSiberianhuskies(西伯利亚哈士奇).ThestudyshowedthesedogsgreatlydifferedfrommodernSiberianhuskies,however.Baltohadabodybuiltforstrengthandnotspeed,whichhisbreederdidn’tnecessarilylike.Thebreederhadthedog’ssexorgansremovedsohecouldn’tproduceyoungdogs.AftertheAlaskatrip,Balto’slifewasdifficult.Hewasmistreated.AvisitingClevelandbusinessmansawBalto’smistreatmentandboughtthedogsfor$1,500raisedbythelocalcommunityinCleveland.In1927,Baltoandhissevenco-runnerswerecelebratedinCleveland.TheyspenttheirrestlivescaredforatthelocalBrooksideZoo.Baltodiedofnaturalcausesin1933.KathleenMorrill,ascientist,saidofBalto’sheroicmission,“Thesespecializeddogsdon’tknowwhattheydohassuchgravityinpeople’slives.”Sheaddedthatthesleddogs’geneticmakeup“setthemuptobethebestanimalsforthejob”.4.Whatweresleddogsusedtododuringanoutbreakofdiphtheria?A.Lookfortheoriginofthisdisease.B.Transportemergencymedicines.CHelppatientsgotohospitalquickly.D.Discoverthemethodstocuretheillness.5.WhichinformationaboutBaltomatchesthecontentofthetext?A.ThelifespanofBaltoisabout14years.B.BaltoistheonlysurvivoroftheAlaskatrip.C.BaltohadmanyyoungbabiesinCleveland.D.RespectedinAlaska,Baltospentitsrestlifepeacefully.6.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Theremustbeauseforone’stalent.B.Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.C.Agooddogdeservesagoodbone.D.Athousandmiletripbeginswithonestep.7.Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheStoryofaSledDogB.TheLongColdTriptotheAlaskanCityC.AHeroicTriptoSaveaDangerousCityD.SledDogHeroBalto:aGoodDogwithGreatGenes【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了1925年一只名叫Balto的雪橇犬在阿拉斯加诺姆市爆发白喉病时，带领一支13只雪橇犬的队伍完成了长达1088公里的艰难旅程，为该市带来了救命的药物，被誉为英雄。最近，科学家从Balto保存下来的尸体提取了DNA，并对其进行了研究，发现它比现代狗有更大的基因多样性和基因健康，科学家认为雪橇犬的基因构成使它们成为这项工作的最佳动物。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In1925,amalesled(雪橇)dognamedBaltoleda13-dogteamthroughanextremesnowstormduringthefinalpartofa1,088-kilometretrip,bringinglifesavingmedicinetotheAlaskancityofNomeduringanoutbreakofthediseasediphtheria(白喉),aseriousandsometimesdeadlyinfection.(1925年，一只名叫巴尔托的雄性雪橇犬带领一支由13只狗组成的队伍穿越了一场极端的暴风雪，完成了1088公里旅程的最后一段，在阿拉斯加诺姆市爆发白喉(一种严重的有时是致命的传染病)期间，它给该市带来了救命的药物)”可知，在白喉爆发期间，雪橇犬被用来运送紧急药品。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Bornin1919,BaltowaspartofapopulationofsleddogsimportedfromSiberia(Balto出生于1919年，是从西伯利亚引进的雪橇犬中的一员)”和倒数第二段中“Baltodiedofnaturalcausesin1933.(Balto于1933年自然死亡)”可知，Balto的寿命约为14年（=1933-1919）。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“KathleenMorrill,ascientist,saidofBalto’sheroicmission,“Thesespecializeddogsdon’tknowwhattheydohassuchgravityinpeople’slives.”Sheaddedthatthesleddogs’geneticmakeup“setthemuptobethebestanimalsforthejob”.(科学家KathleenMorrill谈到Balto的英勇使命时说，“这些专业的狗不知道它们的工作对人们的生活有如此重要的意义。”她补充说，雪橇犬的基因构成“使它们成为这项工作的最佳动物”)”可知，雪橇犬的基因使得它们成为在阿拉斯加极寒天气中进行运输的最佳动物，对人们的生活有重要的意义。由此推知，我们可以从中得出结论“天生我材必有用”。故选A项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕雪橇犬Balto展开。介绍了它为爆发白喉病的阿拉斯加诺姆市带来救命的药物的英勇事迹。最近，科学家从Balto保存下来的尸体提取了DNA，并对其进行了研究，发现它比现代狗有更大的基因多样性和基因健康，科学家认为雪橇犬的基因构成使它们成为这项工作的最佳动物。因此，D项“雪橇犬英雄Balto：一只拥有很棒的基因的好狗”概括了Balto的事迹和科学家的基因发现，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。CGettysburgNationalMilitaryParkwasestablishedin1895,32yearsafterthedeadlybattle.Gettysburgisthemost-visitedoftheCivilWarbattlefields.ManyvisitorsstarttheirvisitattheGettysburgMuseumoftheCivilWar.Themuseumhastheworld’slargestcollectionofCivilWarobjects.Themuseumhasmorethan1millionitems,fromsoldiers’privatenotebooksanduniformstooriginalmapsofthebattlefield.ThemuseumalsohousestheGettysburgcyclorama(风景画幕)painting,showingthefinalattackintheBattleofGettysburg:Pickett’sCharge.GeorgePickettwasaConfederategeneral.OnJuly3,1863,heledachargeagainststrongerUnionforces.ItwasadisasterfortheConfederatesoldiers.FrenchartistPaulPhillippoteauxandateamof20artistscreatedthepaintinginthe1880s.Phillippoteauxandhisteamvisitedthebattlefield.Ittookmorethanoneyearforthehugepaintingtobecomplete.Thecycloramais114metreslongandalmost13metrestall.IthaslongbeenoneofthemostpopularpartsoftheGettysburgexperience.Butbythe1990s,thepaintingwasinpoorcondition.Expertswarnedthatifthecycloramawasnotrepaired,thepaintingcouldbelost.Arestorationprojectbeganin2003.Thepaintingwascleanedandseparatedintoits14parts,andlatermovedintothenewcentre.There,theoriginalcanvas(帆布)wassewnontonewclothmadeinChina.ParkserviceofficialssayChinawasoneofthefewcountriesabletoproduceclothinthesizesneeded.Theneachpartwashungandsewntogether.AteamofcycloramaexpertsfromPolandworkedontheprojectinGettysburg.TherepairworkoftheGettysburgCycloramamarkedoneofthelargestartconservationefforteverinNorthAmerica.Afterthemuseum,touristscanvisittheSoldiers’NationalCemetery,wheremanyoftheUnionsoldierswhodiedduringtheBattleofGettysburgareburied.ThecemeterywasdedicatedonNovember19,1863,thesamedayPresidentLincolngavehis“GettysburgAddress”.HistoriansagreethatLincoln’sGettysburgAddressdefinedAmericansasapeoplewhobelievedinfreedom,democracyandequality.8.WhatisdisplayedintheGettysburgcycloramapainting?A.Severalbattlefieldsites.B.SuppliesduringtheAmericanCivilWar.C.ThespeechdeliveredbyPresidentLincoln.D.TheintensesceneofthefinalbattleofGettysburg.9.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Therepairmaterialfortheproject.B.Thecountryproducingthecanvas.C.Thekeystepsoftheentirerepairprocess.D.Thecommentoftheparkserviceofficials.10.Whichcountrydidthetechnicalteamforrestorationcomefrom?A.France. B.China. C.Poland. D.TheUS.11.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Totellahistoricalevent.B.Tointroduceatraveldestination.C.ToexplainAmericanculture.D.TorememberLincoln’sGettysburgAddress.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了葛底斯堡国家军事公园，公园内有内战博物馆，收藏丰富的内战物品，其中包括展示了皮克特冲锋的葛底斯堡风景画幕，这幅画已被专家修复好，游客还可以参观士兵国家公墓。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThemuseumalsohousestheGettysburgcyclorama(风景画幕)painting,showingthefinalattackintheBattleofGettysburg:Pickett’sCharge.GeorgePickettwasaConfederategeneral.OnJuly3,1863,heledachargeagainststrongerUnionforces.ItwasadisasterfortheConfederatesoldiers.(该博物馆还收藏了葛底斯堡风景画幕，展示了葛底斯堡战役的最后攻击：皮克特冲锋。乔治·皮克特是一位南方邦联将军。1863年7月3日，他率领军队向更强大的联邦军队发起冲锋。这对南方邦联士兵来说是一场灾难)”可知，这幅风景画幕描绘的是葛底斯堡战役的最后攻击，南方邦联军队对联邦军队发起了一场灾难性的冲锋，因此画面中呈现的是紧张的场面。故选D项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Arestorationprojectbeganin2003.Thepaintingwascleanedandseparatedintoits14parts,andlatermovedintothenewcentre.There,theoriginalcanvas(帆布)wassewnontonewclothmadeinChina.ParkserviceofficialssayChinawasoneofthefewcountriesabletoproduceclothinthesizesneeded.Theneachpartwashungandsewntogether.(修复工程于2003年开始。这幅画被清理干净，分成14个部分，后来搬到了新的中心。在那里，原来的帆布被缝在中国制造的新布上。公园管理局官员表示，中国是少数几个能够生产所需尺寸布料的国家之一。然后每一部分都被挂起来并缝在一起)”可知，本段主要介绍了整个修复工程中的关键步骤。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“AteamofcycloramaexpertsfromPolandworkedontheprojectinGettysburg.(一组来自波兰的风景画幕专家在葛底斯堡完成了这个项目)”可知，修复的技术团队来自波兰。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Afterthemuseum,touristscanvisittheSoldiers’NationalCemetery,wheremanyoftheUnionsoldierswhodiedduringtheBattleofGettysburgareburied.ThecemeterywasdedicatedonNovember19,1863,thesamedayPresidentLincolngavehis“GettysburgAddress”.(参观完博物馆后，游客可以参观士兵国家公墓，那里埋葬着许多在葛底斯堡战役中阵亡的联邦士兵。这座公墓于1863年11月19日落成，同一天，林肯总统发表了他的《葛底斯堡演说》)”可知，本段主要介绍了供游客参观的士兵国家公墓，包括所埋葬的人员、落成的时间，以及与《葛底斯堡演说》的关联。由此推知，本段是为了介绍一个旅游目的地。故选B项。DAteamattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesdevelopedahuman-likerobotthatwilltakepartinaninternationalsoccercompetition.ThenameoftherobotisARTEMIS,whichstandsforAdvancedRoboticTechnologyforEnhancedMobilityandImprovedStability.Itstands142centimetrestallandweighs38kilogrammes.TheresearcherssaidARTEMISisoneofonlyafewhumanoidrobotsthatcanrun.Itcanalsojumpandwalkondifferentkindsofsurfaceswithoutlosingitsbalance.Therobotalsocankickaballandremainstandingevenwhenkickedorhit.Theengineerswhobuilttherobotsaiditcanwalkataspeedof2.1metrespersecond.ThiscouldmakeARTEMIStheworld’sfastestwalkinghumanoidrobot.Theteamsaidthegoaloftheprojectwastocreatearobotthatcanperformmanyhuman-likeactivities,particularlyplayingthesportofsoccer.Todothis,engineerssaidtheymodeledthedevicesthatcontroltherobotafterhumanmuscles.ARTEMISusesaseriesofsensorsandcamerastohelpitmoveandpositionitself.DennisHongisaUCLAprofessorofengineeringandthedirectoroftheuniversity’sRoboticsandMechanismsLaboratory.HeexplainedinastatementthereasonARTEMIScankeepgoodbalanceevenwhenwalkingandrunningoverunevensurfaces.Itisbecausetherobotis“gettingbothfeetoffthegroundwhileinmotion,”Hongsaid.Headded,“Thisisafirst-of-its-kindrobot.”AnotherdifferencebetweenARTEMISandotherhumanoidrobotsisthatitiscontrolledelectricallyinsteadofbyhydraulics(水力学).Thedeveloperssaidthismakestherobotquieterandcleanerrunning.Overthenextfewweeks,theywillworkonperfectingtherobot’ssoccerplayingskills.Onememberoftheteam,studentJustinQuan,saidhispersonalgoalisengineeringrobotsthatcanimprovepeople’slives.“Seeingtheserobotshelpingpushtherobottechnologytothatnextlevelisreallyrewardingbecauseyou’relike,oh,thedream,itgetscloser,”hesaid.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“humanoid”inParagraph2mean?A.Human-like. B.All-round. C.Automatic. D.Custom-designed.13.WhatmakesitpossibleforARTEMIStoplaysoccer?A.Itneverlosesbalance. B.Itcanmoveflexiblyforever.C.Ithaspowerfulsensoryfunctions. D.Itsdesignispatternedonthehumanmuscles.14.WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph4?A.ThewaythatARTEMISmaintainsbalanceinmotion.B.TheusingmethodandadvantagesofARTEMIS.C.ThemostadvancedtechnologyappliedtoARTEMIS.D.ThedistinctivefeaturesandworkingprincipleofARTEMIS.15.What’sJustinQuan’sattitudetothefutureofthelatestrobots?A.Critical. B.Hopeful. C.Concerned. D.Uninterested.【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了加州大学洛杉矶分校的一个团队开发了一个人形机器人ARTEMIS，将参加一场国际足球比赛。文章介绍了ARTEMIS的一些特点和工作原理。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Itcanalsojumpandwalkondifferentkindsofsurfaceswithoutlosingitsbalance.Therobotalsocankickaballandremainstandingevenwhenkickedorhit.Theengineerswhobuilttherobotsaiditcanwalkataspeedof2.1metrespersecond.ThiscouldmakeARTEMIStheworld’sfastestwalkinghumanoidrobot.(它还可以在不同的表面上跳跃和行走而不会失去平衡。该机器人还可以踢球，即使被踢或被击中也能保持站立。制造这款机器人的工程师表示，它的行走速度可以达到每秒2.1米。这将使ARTEMIS成为世界上行走速度最快的人形机器人)”可知，ARTEMIS可以像人一样在不同的表面上跳跃和行走而不会失去平衡，即属于似人类的机器人。故划线词意思是“似人类的”。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theteamsaidthegoaloftheprojectwastocreatearobotthatcanperformmanyhuman-likeactivities,particularlyplayingthesportofsoccer.Todothis,engineerssaidtheymodeledthedevicesthatcontroltherobotafterhumanmuscles.(该团队表示，该项目的目标是创造一个可以执行许多类似人类活动的机器人，特别是踢足球。为了做到这一点，工程师们表示，他们模仿人类肌肉来模拟控制机器人的设备)”可知，以人体肌肉为模式的设计让ARTEMIS能够踢足球。故选D。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“DennisHongisaUCLAprofessorofengineeringandthedirectoroftheuniversity’sRoboticsandMechanismsLaboratory.HeexplainedinastatementthereasonARTEMIScankeepgoodbalanceevenwhenwalkingandrunningoverunevensurfaces.Itisbecausetherobotis“gettingbothfeetoffthegroundwhileinmotion,”Hongsaid.Headded,“Thisisafirst-of-its-kindrobot.”AnotherdifferencebetweenARTEMISandotherhumanoidrobotsisthatitiscontrolledelectricallyinsteadofbyhydraulics(水力学).Thedeveloperssaidthismakestherobotquieterandcleanerrunning.Overthenextfewweeks,theywillworkonperfectingtherobot’ssoccerplayingskills.(丹尼斯·洪是加州大学洛杉矶分校的工程学教授，也是该校机器人与机械实验室的主任。他在一份声明中解释了ARTEMIS即使在不平坦的地面上行走和跑步也能保持良好平衡的原因。这是因为机器人“在运动时双脚离地，”洪说。他补充说，“这是同类机器人中的第一个。”ARTEMIS与其他类人机器人的另一个区别是，它是由电力控制而不是液压控制的。开发人员表示，这使机器人更安静，更干净。在接下来的几个星期里，他们将致力于完善机器人的足球技巧)”可知，作者在第4段主要讲了ARTEMIS在运动中保持平衡的方式。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Onememberoftheteam,studentJustinQuan,saidhispersonalgoalisengineeringrobotsthatcanimprovepeople’slives.“Seeingtheserobotshelpingpushtherobottechnologytothatnextlevelisreallyrewardingbecauseyou’relike,oh,thedream,itgetscloser,”hesaid.(该团队的一名成员、学生贾斯汀·全表示，他的个人目标是设计出能够改善人们生活的机器人。他说:“看到这些机器人帮助把机器人技术推向一个新的水平，真的很有意义，因为你会觉得，哦，梦想越来越近了。”)”可知，贾斯汀·全对最新机器人的未来充满希望。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Springapproaching,temperaturesarewarminganddaylightlastslonger.Peoplewholiketogardenmaybereadytogettheirhandsdirtyandstartclearingthegroundfornewplantings.____16____JessicaDamiano,onesuchexpert,saysthatremovingplantmattertooearlycandisturb(打扰)importantinsectsnotreadyforthecoolearlyspringtemperatures.____17____Removingtheplantmatterbeforetheinsectsbegintheirlifecycleswouldmeanremovingthemfromyourgarden.Fewerinsectsmeanlessfoodforbirdsandfewerflowersandvegetablesforthegardener.Expertsdonotallagreeonthebesttimetostartcleaningthegroundandgardenareainthespring.Buttheyusuallyagreetowaituntilthetemperaturesareregularlyabove10degreesCelsius.____18____Someexpertsdefine“regularly”asatleastfivedaysinarow.Damianosayssheusuallywaitssevennights.However,eventhen,shesaystokeeptheplantmatteronthegroundforanotherweekorsobeforeremovingitfromyourproperty.Thisgivesanyinsectsthatarestill“sleeping”enoughtimetowakeup.Earlycleaningofagardenisoftenfollowedbyearlymulching(覆盖).Applyingmulchmakesthegardenlookneatandclean.____19____Theyarepartofalivingecosystem.Mulchisanimportantpartofahealthygarden.Itkeepssoilwet,limitsthegrowthofweeds,andhelpskeepsoiltemperatureseven.Buttimingisimportant.Mulchingbeforethesoilhaswarmedenoughwillkeepinthecoldandslowthereawakeningoftheplants.____20____Andifthesoiliswet,earlymulchingcanleadtomold,mildew,andfungaldiseases.Beforeapplyingmulch,waituntilitissafetoplantannualsandwarm-seasonvegetablesinyourarea.ForDamianoinNewYorkstate,thatmeanswaitinguntiltheendofMay.A.Thiscanalsolimittheirgrowth.B.Insectsarefairlylowdownthefoodchain.C.Thatiswhensleepinginsects“wakeup”.D.Butgardenexpertswarn—nottoofast.E.Inearlyspring,thoseinsectsarestillsleeping.F.Growingyoungplantsinearlyspringisanotherhardjob.G.ButDamianoremindsusthatsoilandplantsarenotjustforshow.【答案】16.D17.E18.C19.G20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在春季过早从事园艺活动，清理花园并进行覆盖的弊端，提醒园艺从事者把握好合适的开始时机，帮助花园中的生态系统形成良性循环。【16题详解】前文“Springapproaching,temperaturesarewarminganddaylightlastslonger.Peoplewholiketogardenmaybereadytogettheirhandsdirtyandstartclearingthegroundfornewplantings.(春天来了，气温变暖，白昼也更长了。喜欢园艺的人可能已经准备好弄脏他们的手，开始清理土地种植新植物。)”描述喜欢园艺的人在春天来临时迫不及待地想种植新植物，后文“JessicaDamiano,onesuchexpert,saysthatremovingplantmattertooearlycandisturb(打扰)importantinsectsnotreadyforthecoolearlyspringtemperatures.(其中一位专家JessicaDamiano说，过早移除植物可能会干扰那些还没有准备好迎接早春凉爽气温的重要昆虫。)”引用专家JessicaDamiano所说的话，提醒过早移除植物对一些重要昆虫不利，前后语义有转折，空处应该和不宜过早移除植物相关，且会提到专家。因此D项“Butgardenexpertswarn—nottoofast.(但是园艺专家警告说，不要太快。)”符合语境，指明不宜太快种植新植物，和前文形成转折，后文是支撑选项的原因，其中的experts和后文的expert是同词复现。故选D。【17题详解】后文“Removingtheplantmatterbeforetheinsectsbegintheirlifecycleswouldmeanremovingthemfromyourgarden.(在昆虫开始它们的生命周期之前清除植物物质意味着将它们从你的花园中清除。)”提到此时清除植物意味着清除这些昆虫，空处作为段首句，应该引出后文内容，和昆虫此时的状态相关。因此E项“Inearlyspring,thoseinsectsarestillsleeping.(早春时节，那些昆虫还在沉睡。)”符合语境，指出此时昆虫还在沉睡，后文的beforetheinsectsbegintheirlifecycles和其中的arestillsleeping呼应。故选E。【18题详解】前文“Buttheyusuallyagreetowaituntilthetemperaturesareregularlyabove10degreesCelsius.(但他们通常同意等到气温定期在10摄氏度以上。)”介绍专家们都认可的开始进行园艺活动的温度，空处应该和这个特定的温度相关。因此C项“Thatiswhensleepinginsects“wakeup”.(这是沉睡的昆虫“醒来”的时候。)”符合语境，指出该温度下昆虫会开始活动，承接前文。故选C。【19题详解】前文“Earlycleaningofagardenisoftenfollowedbyearlymulching(覆盖).Applyingmulchmakesthegardenlookneatandclean.(花园的早期清理通常伴随着早期的覆盖。应用覆盖物让花园看起来整洁干净。)”介绍花园被清洁后，会被覆盖起来追求整洁干净，后文“Theyarepartofalivingecosystem.(它们是生态系统的一部分。)”提到某些东西属于生态系统，空处应该会提到这些属于生态系统的东西。因此G项“ButDamianoremindsusthatsoilandplantsarenotjustforshow.(但Damiano提醒我们，土壤和植物不仅仅是为了美观)”符合语境，指出土壤和植物的意义不仅是为了美观，和前文形成转折，后文是对其延伸，其中的forshow和前文的lookneatandclean呼应，soilandplants是后文They指代的对象。故选G。【20题详解】前文“Buttimingisimportant.Mulchingbeforethesoilhaswarmedenoughwillkeepinthecoldandslowthereawakeningoftheplants.(但时机很重要。在土壤足够温暖之前进行覆盖将维持寒冷，减缓植物的重新苏醒。)”介绍进行覆盖的时机很重要，过早覆盖对植物有害，空处应该会继续介绍这样做的危害。A项“Thiscanalsolimittheirgrowth.(这也会限制它们的生长。)”符合语境，指出也不利于植物生长，是对前文的递进，其中的This指代前文的Mulchingbeforethesoil，their指代前文的theplants。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ApetDobermansniffed(嗅)outa“perfect”kidneydonorforits44-year-olddyingowner.44-year-oldLucywastoldshehad5yearsto____21____bydoctors.Theysaidthe____22____ofherfindingadonorwas1in20million.Lucyspentyearsonthe____23____untilshefoundhersaviourbytotalcoincidenceonaWelshbeach.Sheandherpartner,Cenydd,hadtakentheirdogsJakeandIndietoBarryIslandBeachandIndiekeptrunningofftoa____24____about100yardsawayandwouldnotleaveheralone.Indiewentoverlikethreetimes,backandforwardtoher.Cenyddthoughtitwasnot____25____oftheirdogto____26____awomantheydidn’tknow.____27____,Cenyddwentovertoapologize,and____28____herovertotheirbarbecue.Thethreestartedchattingandeating.ThestrangerIndiewasbothering(打扰)____29____tobeKatie,40,fromBarry.WhenLucymentionedshecouldn’tdrinkalcoholasshewasondialysis,Katiesaidshehadrecentlyjoinedthekidneydonationregistertomakea(n)____30____donation.They____31____telephonenumbers,andtobehonestLucydidn’tthinkanythingelsewouldcomeofit.Afterblood____32____andscans,theresultcameback:Katiewasaperfect____33____.Lucywasso____34____thatshecouldn’tbelieveit.Thetransplant____35____inOctober2022anditwasatotalsuccess.Katie,LucyandCenyddhaveremainedfriendssincethedonationandhaveagroupchatwhichthey’vecalled“theKidneyGang”.21.A.stay B.act C.live D.leave22A.choice B.way C.ability D.chance23.A.waitinglist B.shoppinglist C.mailinglist D.readinglist24.A.friend B.stranger C.helper D.worker25.A.special B.frank C.contradictory D.polite26.A.recognize B.bother C.treat D.help27.A.Eventually B.Secretly C.Obviously D.Indirectly28.A.invested B.advised C.invited D.allowed29.A.turnedout B.cameout C.madeout D.lookedout30.A.available B.different C.selfless D.shiny31.A.changed B.charged C.showed D.exchanged32.A.texts B.tests C.treatment D.loss33.A.match B.assistant C.player D.result34.A.amused B.surprised C.scared D.lucky35.A.tookoff B.speededup C.brokeout D.tookplace【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.D26.B27.A28.C29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一位等待肾源的女士，被医生告知获得完美