统考版高考英语一轮复习必修5Unit13People课时提能练含解析北师大版

一轮复习精品资料(高中)PAGE1-课时提能练(二十五)必修5Unit13People(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·南昌市一模)Theremainsofanancientape(猿)foundinaBavarianclaysiterecentlycaughtpeople'seye.Accordingtoscientists，theymayrenewpeople'sopiniononwhenhumans'ancestorsbeganstandingupright.AninternationalteamofresearcherssaidthefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermanyboreastrikingresemblance(相似之处)tomodernhumanbones.InapaperpublishedbythejournalNature，theyconcludedthatthepreviouslyunknownspecies—namedDanuviusguggenmosi—couldwalkontwolegsbutalsoclimblikeanape.Thefindings“raisefundamentalquestionsaboutourpreviousunderstandingoftheevolutionofthegreatapesandhumans，”saidMadelaineBoehme，wholedtheresearch.ThequestionofwhenapescouldwalkontwolegshasfascinatedscientistssinceCharlesDarwinfirstarguedthattheyweretheancestorsofhumans.Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai.Boehme，alongwithresearchersfromBulgaria，CanadaandtheUnitedStates，examinedmorethan15,000bonesrecoveredfromthearchaeologicalremains.Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(灵长目动物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago.Themostcomplete，anadultmale，likelystoodabout1metertall，weighed31kilogramsandlookedsimilartomodern­daybonobos，aspeciesofthechimpanzee.Likehumans，DanuviushadanS­shapedbackbonetoholditsbodyuprightwhilestanding.Unlikehumans，though，ithadapowerfulbigtoethatwouldhaveallowedittograbbrancheswithitsfooteasily.FredSpoor，apaleontologistattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon，calledthefossilfinds“fantastic”butsaidtheywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers，notleastbecausetheycouldchallengemanyexistingideasaboutevolution.〖语篇解读〗本文主要介绍了科学家新发现的古猿遗骨的相关情况，并指出这可能会刷新人们关于何时人类的祖先开始直立的观点。1．Wheredidthescientistsfindthebones?A．Germany. B．Bulgaria.C．Kenya. D．Brazil.A〖细节理解题。根据第二段中的“thefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermany”可知，科学家在德国发现了古猿遗骨，故选A。〗2．WhatcanweinferaboutDanuvius?A．ItcouldmakeS­shapedtools.B．Itwasaspeciesofthechimpanzee.C．ItlivedinCreteandKenya.D．ItexistedmuchearlierthanToumai.D〖推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai”和第五段中的“Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(灵长目动物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago”可推知，Danuvius生活的时期比Toumai早得多，故选D。〗3．HowdoesSpoorfeelaboutthefinding?A．Itoffersfurthersupportforthetheoryofevolution.B．Itmaycausemuchdebate.C．Itisafantasticfinding.D．Itdeniesthepreviousideas.B〖推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“theywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers”可推知，Spoor认为这项发现可能会引起很多争议，故选B。〗4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheSecretsRevealedfromFossilsB．LegendofHumans'AncestorsC．FindingsAgainsttheTheoryofEvolutionD．TheOldestExampleofUprightApeFoundinaBavarianClaySiteD〖标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一项考古发现，通读全文内容可知，第一段概括了全文的主要内容，由此可知，D项最适合作本篇文章的标题。〗B(2020·长春市普通高中质量监测二)Anargumentisanexchangeofviewsbetweenpeoplewhodonotagreewitheachother.Someargumentsturnintoangryquarrels.Suppose，afriendborrowedyourcarandleftitfulloffastfoodrubbish.Whatifyoudealtwiththesituationthisway：YOU:Whydidyouleaveallthattrashinmycar?It'sanabsolutemess，andI'mtiredofyoualwaysbeingsoinconsiderate.FRIEND:Lookwho'stalking.You'resuchaslob(邋遢鬼)thatIdidn'tthinkyou'dnotice.Howdidaminorincidentturnintosuchanunpleasantexchange?Youwereangryandfeelingasthoughyourkindnesswasbeingabused.Soinsteadoftalkingwithyourfriend，youyelledathim.“Whydidyou”wasachallenge.That'swhyyourfriendimmediatelywentonthedefensiveandyelledback.Nowtheargumentisover.Infact，youdon'tfeelsatisfiedwiththefactthatyou'vetoldhimoff!In_the_heat_of_the_moment，hesaidsomethingthathurtsyourfeelings.Andperhapsyoudidn'treallymeanwhatyousaid.Howcanyouavoidsuchsituations?Learntoargueinabetterway.Trysomethinglikethis：YOU:Idon'tlikeitwhenyouleavetrashinmycar.Itmakesmefeellikeyoudon'trespectme.FRIEND:You'reright.Itwasveryinconsiderate.Iwon'tdoitagain.Beforespeaking，takeadeepbreathandgetcontrolofyouranger.Thewordsyouusewillletyourfriendknowspecificallywhatisbotheringyouandmostimportantly，treathimwithrespect.Sohewillrespondinthesameway.Alsonoticethatbegintheargumentwiththepronoun“I”．Anargumentbeginningwith“Youdid...”isgenerallyachallenge.Whatusuallyfollowsiscriticismoraninsult.Anditgoesdownhillfastfromthere.Using“I”inargumentswon'teliminatealldisagreements，butitcancertainlycutdownontheyelling.〖语篇解读〗本文以一个例子为主线，介绍了在争论中应学会使用代词“我”。这虽不能消除所有的分歧，但它确实可以减少争吵，使交流更顺畅。5．Howmayyoufeelafteranunpleasantargumentwithyourfriend?A．Dissatisfiedandregretful.B．Stillwantingtoargue.C．Satisfiedwiththeyell.D．Challengedbytheargument.A〖推理判断题。根据第五段中的“youdon'tfeelsatisfied”“Andperhapsyoudidn'treallymeanwhatyousaid”可推知，在与朋友发生不愉快的争论后，你可能会不高兴并后悔。故选A。〗6．Whichcanprobablyreplacetheunderlinedphrase“Intheheatofthemoment”？A．Whenitwashotoutside.B．Whenthetalkbecameexciting.C．Whentheargumentgotemotional.D．Whenyourfriendwaswarmerthanever.C〖推理判断题。根据画线部分后的“hesaidsomethingthathurtsyourfeelings”可知，他说了一些伤害你感情的话。并结合语境可推知，画线短语的含义与C项“当争论变得情绪化时”意思相符。故选C。〗7．Whichsentencemightbeusedinan“I”argument?A．Youaremakingmefeelbad.B．What'sthematterwithyou?C．Whatonearthareyoutellingme?D．Itmakesmefeelbadwhenhearingthat.D〖推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Itmakesmefeellikeyoudon'trespectme”以及最后两段的内容可知，D项符合题意。〗8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Winningargumentswithotherpeople.B．Makingsurethatpeopledowhatyouwant.C．Usingthe“I”methodtocommunicatebetter.D．Avoidinghavingdisagreementwithfriends.C〖主旨大意题。通读全文可知，最后一段“Using‘I’inarguments...cutdownontheyelling”为全文的中心句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文通过一个例子介绍了在争论中使用代词“我”会使交流更顺畅。故选C。〗Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·湖北省部分重点中学第一次联考)IjusttookpartinmyfirstMid­AutumnFestivalcelebrationinChina.__1__aweekafterarrivingformygraduatestudies，Iwaskindofhomesick—memoriesofpast__2__backinKenyawithmyfamilyandfriendsappearinginmymind.OnthemorningofFriday，September13th，the__3__onthecampuswasverycheerful.Chinesestudentsexplainedtoustheimportanceofthedayasgiftsofmooncakeswere__4__.Thencamethenight.Thefullmoonhung__5__intheskyasifitwereabouttofall.Millionsofeyeslookedatitwith__6__.Unlikepreviousnights，acoolbreezesweptthroughthecampus.WithAfricanmusicplayingonmyheadphones，Idancedinmyway，__7__inthewind，andforgettingmyselfforamoment.AsI__8__tomyroom，Iwasfascinatedbythefestival'sidea.My__9__mindpushedmeonlinewhereIcameacrossthepoem“PreludetoWaterMelody”(《水调歌头》)，bythewell­knownChinesewriterSuDongpo.ThispoemconciselyseizedwhatIwas__10__.Themessageandthetonebothresonated(引起共鸣)withmyfeelings.Suwonderedwhattimeitwasintheskywhilewritingthepoem.__11__thetimedifferencesbetweenChinaandKenya，Iwasconstantlytryingto__12__whattimeitwasbackathome.Finally，Suaskedhisfamilytojoinhimin__13__thetimelessperfectionofafullmoonina__14__night.Whatagoodwaytofinish!I，too，washopingthatallwaswellwithmyfamily.Despitethedistanceand__15__thatcomeswithnotseeingorhearingfromalovedone，wewereallflourishing(健康幸福)whenadmiringthe__16__moon.Andwhilewemaygoawayfromhome，ashappensfromtimetotime；thefamilyremainsthemostimportant__17__toourexistence.AstheChineseusedtheholidayto__18__withthelovedones，theKenyancommunityalsogottogether，sharedamealandwalkedonthestreetsundertheneonlights.AsIwrotethis，adayaftertheFestival，Icouldn'thelpbutlookforwardtothenext.ThankmyChinesefriends，whose__19__mademeandacrowdofotherforeignstudentsexperiencean__20__Mid­AutumnFestival.〖语篇解读〗“我”是一位来自肯尼亚的留学生，在刚来中国的时候，“我”有些想家，但恰逢中国的中秋节，“我”和中国朋友一起过了一个难忘的中秋节；回到房间后，“我”在网上看到了苏东坡的词，体会到其所传递的情感之后，“我”的思乡之情变成了对家人的美好祝福。1．A.Properly B．TypicallyC．Exactly D．SimilarlyC〖根据下文中的“Iwaskindofhomesick”可推知，“我”应该刚到中国上学不久。由此可知，此处表示“我”来中国正好一周的时间。故选C。〗2．A.collections B．experiencesC．hobbies D．expectationsB〖根据本句中的“homesick”及“memories”可知，“我”怀念在肯尼亚和家人、朋友在一起的那些经历。故选B。〗3．A.atmosphere B．sceneryC．architecture D．traditionA〖根据本句中的“cheerful”以及文章所提到的中秋节这个背景可知，当时因为是中秋节，所以校园里的氛围非常令人愉快。故选A。〗4．A.missed B．surroundedC．recovered D．exchangedD〖根据中秋节这一背景，以及句中的“gifts”可知，在中秋节那天，人们把月饼作为礼物交换。故选D。〗5．A.unstably B．proudlyC．constantly D．permanentlyA〖根据下文中的“asifitwereabouttofall”可知，月亮看起来似乎要掉下来了。由此可推知，当时的满月不稳固地挂在天空。故选A。A项意为“不稳固地”；D项意为“永久地”。〗6．A.terror B．admirationC．doubt D．mercyB〖根据上文中的“thecampuswasverycheerful”以及该空前的“Millionsofeyeslookedatit”可知，此处表示无数双眼睛都在赞赏地注视着月亮，即赏月。故选B。〗7．A.lying B．divingC．struggling D．floatingD〖根据语境可知，“我”的耳机里播放着非洲音乐，“我”随着音乐舞动，在风中飘动。故选D。〗8．A.hurried B．calledC．returned D．rodeC〖根据空后的“tomyroom”可知，“我”在校园里赏月之后，回到了房间。故选C。〗9．A.surprising B．curiousC．nervous D．upsetB〖根据空前的“Iwasfascinatedbythefestival'sidea”以及本句中的“pushedmeonline”可知，“我”对这个节日的构思很感兴趣，因此好奇心促使“我”在网上查阅有关中秋节的信息。故选B。〗10．A.goingthrough B．standingforC．takingup D．puttingoffA〖根据下文中的“Themessageandthetonebothresonated(引起共鸣)withmyfeelings”可知，这首词所传递的信息和基调都与“我”的感受产生了共鸣。由此可知，此处表示这首词简明地抓住了“我”正在经历的事。故选A。A项意为“经历”；B项意为“代表”；C项意为“占据”；D项意为“推迟”。〗11．A.Assuming B．DiscussingC．Considering D．ExpressingC〖根据上文中的“Suwonderedwhattimeitwasinthesky”可推知，通过体会苏东坡当时的所思所感，考虑到中国与肯尼亚的时差，“我”一直试着弄清楚当时在“我”的家乡是什么时间。故选C。〗12．A.figureout B．appealtoC．bringabout D．careforA〖参见上题〖解析〗。A项意为“弄清楚”；B项意为“呼吁，上诉”；C项意为“引起”；D项意为“照顾，非常喜欢”。〗13．A.communicating B．acquiringC．representing D．enjoyingD〖根据空后的“thetimelessperfectionofafullmoon”可知，此处表示苏东坡在词中邀请他的家人和他一起欣赏一轮满月永恒的完美。故选D。〗14．A.dark B．cloudlessC．deep D．warmB〖根据空前的“afullmoon”以及上文“我”和同学在校园里赏月，结合常识可知，能看到满月，应是在一个晴朗的夜晚，B项意为“晴朗的”，故选B。〗15．A.beauty B．temperatureC．anxiety D．freedomC〖根据空后的“notseeingorhearingfromalovedone”可推知，此处表示尽管与所爱的人相距甚远且因见不到所爱之人或没有得到所爱之人的消息而心怀焦虑，但当欣赏满月时，我们都健康幸福。故选C。〗16．A.pale B．newC．cold D．fullD〖参见上题〖解析〗。〗17．A.unit B．groupC．field D．messageA〖根据语境可推知，这里表示虽然我们离家很远，但是家在我们的生命中始终是最重要的组成部分。故选A。〗18．A.associate B．workC．reunite D．doC〖根据语境并结合常识可知，中国人在中秋佳节和所爱的人团聚。故选C。〗19．A.honesty B．warmthC．bravery D．strengthB〖根据第一段中的“the________onthecampuswasverycheerful”以及“Chinesestudentsexplainedtoustheimportanceofthedayasgiftsofmooncakeswere________”并结合选项可推知，中国朋友的热情让“我”和其他留学生经历了一个难忘的中秋节。故选B。〗20．A.honorable B．imaginableC．reasonable D．unforgettableD〖根据上文中的“Icouldn'thelpbutlookforwardtothenext”可知，“我”和其他留学生经历了一个难忘的(unforgettable)中秋节。honorable“可敬的”；imaginable“可想象的”；reasonable“合理的”。〗课时提能练(二十六)必修5Unit13People(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·开封市高三模拟)ThebusstopsintheDutchcityofUtrechtareasbeautifulastheyarepractical.Now,316busstopsfeatureagreenroofthataddssomelifetothecity，whilealsostoringrainwater，catchingdust，andprovidingsomemuchneededshadeduringthehotmonths.Thisprojectisgoodforthehoneybeepopulationthatisattractedtotheplantsontheroof.Tokeepupthissuccessfulecosystem，municipalworkersdrivearoundinelectriccars，takingcareoftheminigardens.Anotheroneofthebiggestbenefitstocomeoutofthesegreenstopsistheimprovedairquality.Smoking，cars，andbacteriaallcontributetopollutingtheairwebreathe.Theseeco­friendlypublicspacesactasanairpurifier(净化器)forurbanpeople，thoughhumansaren'ttheonlygroupthatbenefitsfromthem.Utrechthasalsomadegreateffortstowardsmovingtheirtransportationsystemawayfromgas­guzzling(耗油的)buses.Thecityhasreplaced10gas­guzzlingbuseswithelectricbusesandplanstohaveonlyCO2­inactivebusesontheroadsby2028.Thebuseshaveasystemthatrecordsthedriver'sefficiencyandcomfortlevels.Driverscanwinprizesbasedonhowsafeandcomfortabletherideis.Thecityisalsooneofthemostbicycle­friendlyplacesintheworld.Roadshavebeenredesignedforcyclists'convenienceandthereisanewstate­of­the­artbicycleparkingareathatislocatedbeneathUtrecht'scentraltrainstation.Utrechtoffersincentives(奖励)tokeepcitizensenergizedandmotivatedtolivegreenerlives.There'reevenincentivesforpeopletotransformtheirroofsintogreenroofstoo.Achievingthegoalsofaneco­friendlycitytakescooperationandUtrechtisleadingthewaytoprotectourenvironment.〖语篇解读〗文章主要讲述了荷兰乌得勒支市对公共交通系统的改造情况。该市通过改造公交车站、使用电动公交车等手段，以进一步减少公交系统对环境带来的负面影响。1．WhatisspecialaboutthebusstopsinUtrecht?A．Theyareeco­friendly.B．Theycansavealotofenergy.C．Theyareartificiallyintelligent.D．Theycanprovidepowerforbuses.A〖细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Anotheroneofthebiggestbenefitstocomeoutofthesegreenstopsistheimprovedairquality”可知，该市的车站的特别之处在于其非常环保，故选A。〗2．WhatcanweinferaboutthechangestothetransportationsysteminUtrecht?A．Notallbusesaregas­guzzlingatpresent.B．Gas­guzzlingcarshavebeencompletelyreplaced.C．Onlyelectricprivatecarsareallowedontheroads.D．Buseshaveairpurifiersfixedonthem.A〖推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中的“Thecityhasreplaced10gas­guzzlingbuseswithelectricbuses”可知，该市已经将10辆耗油的公交车换成了电动公交车。由此可以推测出，当前并不是所有的公交车都是耗油的车，故选A。〗3．WhatmightpassengerscommentonthebusserviceinUtrecht?A．Busesarealwaystoocrowded.B．Busesareoftenbehindschedule.C．Busesaretoobigforredesignedroads.D．Busesaregenerallycomfortableandsafe.D〖推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Driverscanwinprizesbasedonhowsafeandcomfortabletherideis”可知，司机可以根据所提供的乘车服务的安全和舒适程度来赢得奖品。由此可以推测出，乘客可能会对公交服务表示感到安全与舒适，故选D。〗4．WhatarepeoplelivinginUtrechtencouragedtodo?A．Giveupsmoking.B．Creategardensontheirroofs.C．Painttheirroofsgreen.D．Consumemorehoney.B〖细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“There'reevenincentivesforpeopletotransformtheirroofsintogreenroofstoo”可知，该市还有为将屋顶改造成绿色屋顶的人们提供的奖励。由此可知，B项符合文意。〗B(2020·深圳市普通高中第二次测试)EastAfricaisexperiencingtheworstdesertlocust(蝗虫)outbreakindecades.Climateeventshaveacceleratedthebreedingofthepestacrosstheregion，andwithasuddenriseinthelocustpopulationexpectedincomingweeks，urgentactionsandfundsareneededtopreventahumancrisis.TwentymillionpeopleinsixoftheeightEastAfricancountriesmostaffectedbyanongoingdesertlocustoutbreakareatriskofseriousfoodinsecurity.Consideredamongthemostdestructiveofmovingpests，anadultlocustcanconsume2gofplantsperday，affectingcropsandgrasslands.Agrouptypicallyholds20to150millionlocustspersquarekilometerandcanmovehundredsofkilometersperday，invadingareascoveringmillionsofsquarekilometers.Anactivegroup，therefore，candestroycropsandgrasslandswithinaveryshortperiodoftime.Thatglobalwarmingcouldincreasetheriskofthedesertlocustcrisiswasproposedovertenyearsago，andinFebruary，theUNSecretary­GeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthatthecurrentoutbreakislinkedtotheeffectsofclimatechange—warmerseasmeanmorecyclones(旋风)generatingtheperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts.Theoutbreakhasitsoriginsin2018，whenaseriesofcyclonesintheArabianPeninsula(阿拉伯半岛)enabledthewarmandwetconditionsthedesertlocustrequiresforbreedinginremoteregions.Thoughourfocushereismigrationwest，dreadfuloutbreaksofthedesertlocusthavebeenexperiencedtotheeast.Thesituationisgoingoutofcontrol.Arescueoperationandfinancialsupportneednodelay.TheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)hasputanimmediatepricetagofUS$138millionforrapidresponseandimmediateaction—controllingthespreadofthedesertlocustandsafeguardinglivelihoods.Theysaythemathsisclear：abouthalfthefundingisneededforsupervision，groundandskycontrol，andunitingefforts；theotherhalfisneededforlivelihoodsandfoodsecurityoffarmers.Theyhavecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactnowthroughfunding.However，bytheendofFebruary，justUS$69millionhadbeenpromised.ThismostalarmingcrisishasdevelopedandisworseninginEastAfrica.Thefundsneededtocontrolthesituationbecomeverydifficulttoachieveandthegapisabigconcern.〖语篇解读〗本文主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况及蝗灾的其他相关情况。5．WhydoesthecrisishappeninEastAfrica?A．Thereisabigpopulationthere.B．Therearelargedesertsandgrasslands.C．AfricaliestowestoftheArabianPeninsula.D．Climategoodforbreedingplaysarole.D〖细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Climateeventshaveacceleratedthebreedingofthepestacrosstheregion，andwithasuddenriseinthelocustpopulationexpectedincomingweeks”及第三段中的“theUNSecretary­GeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthatthecurrentoutbreakislinkedtotheeffectsofclimatechange—warmerseasmeanmorecyclones(旋风)generatingtheperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts”可知，有利于蝗虫繁殖的气候发挥了作用。故选D。〗6．WhydoesthewriterlistthosefiguresinPara.2?A．Towarnoftheterribledamagecausedbylocusts.B．Tohelpusunderstandhowlocustslive.C．Toshowhowmanylocuststherearenow.D．TodrawapictureofpresentAfrica.A〖推理判断题。根据第二段中列举的数据可以看出，东非蝗灾影响的国家多、人数多及蝗灾的危害大。由此可推知，作者列举那些数据的目的是告知蝗虫造成的严重破坏。故选A。〗7．Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A．Thecrisisisnotnoticeduntilrecently.B．Moremoneyisneededtopreventthecrisis.C．Thecrisishasbeenthefocusoftheworld.D．LocustsareallfromtheArabianPeninsula.B〖细节理解题。根据第五段中的“TheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)hasputanimmediatepricetagofUS$138million”“However，bytheendofFebruary，justUS$69millionhadbeenpromised”并结合最后一段的内容可知，抗击蝗灾需要很多资金，然而，资金缺口却非常大。故选B。〗8．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．KillinglocustsbeforetoolateB．Globalwarming，aworldproblemC．ThefundinggapforthelocustcrisisD．Africa，acrisis­strickenplaceC〖标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了东非蝗灾的抗灾资金严重短缺的情况以及导致蝗灾爆发的因素和其带来的严重后果。故C项最适合作本文标题。〗Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·陕西省百校联盟一模)Peoplehavealwayswantedtoknowwhatthefuturewilllooklike.Then，howcanwe?__1__Theworldhaschangedalotinthelast150years，butwehumansaredrivenbythesamebasicneedsaswewere150yearsago，suchasfood，sleep，thefeelingofbeingappreciatedandloved.__2___No.Inaddition，generallyspeaking，theinventionsforthelast150yearshavebeenahumaneffortforfreedomandcommunication，tobeabletogetincontrolofthetimeandworld.Sincethereisstillmuchtodointhisarea，thiswillbethefocusatleastforthenext150years.Butwhydoweneedtopredictthefuture?Predictingthefutureisimportantfortworeasons:First，weneedtostarttothinkaboutwhatkindoffuturewewouldlikeforourselvesandtopassontothenextgeneration.__3__Howaboutthevirtualworlds?Itmightbeinthefuturetoexperiencethesandbetweenyourtoes，andhearthewaves，justlyinginyourbedathome.__4__So，evenifagreatinventionisthereforanaffordableprice，it'llnevertaketheplaceofthecommonexperienceifitisnotreal.__5__Whatwe'llseeinthenext50yearsisthetransition(过渡)fromanoil­dependentsocietytoanewsociety.Herethere'llbenewmedicine，continuedexplorationofspace，challengesintheclimatechange，andnewinventionsthatmakelifealittleeasier.A．Willthischangeinthenext150years?B．Sowhatwillthefuturelooklikethen?C．Predictingthefuturecanhelpusinmanyways.D．Well，tounderstandthefuture，youmustknowthepast.E．However，you'llnevergetthefeelingofbeingthere.F．However，nomatterhowrealtheexperiencewillfeel，itdoesn'thappenforreal.G．Thenweneedtoknowwhatdecisionsweneedtomaketodaythatwillgivethebestresultinthefuture.〖语篇解读〗人们总想知道未来会是什么样子的，其实要想展望未来，必须了解过去。不管世界如何变化，人们的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏和爱的感觉等不会改变，未来的虚拟世界也不会代替真实的世界。但是可以预知，未来五十年里，世界将从依靠石油的社会过渡到新的社会，人们的生活会更好。1．D〖根据空处下文可知，在过去的150年里，世界发生了巨大的变化；结合空前一句可推知，空处承上启下，说明我们想要展望未来，就要了解过去，故D项符合语境。〗2．A〖根据空前一句可知，在过去的150年里，人们的基本需求如食物、睡眠、被欣赏和爱的感觉没有变化，结合空后的“No”可知，空处应是一个疑问句，并与空前一句讲人的基本需求相呼应，故A项与此处匹配。〗3．G〖根据该段第二句可知，该段主要讲的是预知未来的两个原因，空前一句讲的是第一个原因，即需要思考自己想要的并传递给下一代的未来是什么样的；据此可知，空处陈述第二个原因，即需要知道做出怎样的决定才能给未来带来最好的结果，故G项正确。其中G项中的“Thenweneedto”与空前一句中的“First，weneedto”相呼应。〗4．F〖根据空后一句可知，即使一项重大发明的价格我们可以承受，但是虚拟体验绝不会代替真实体验，结合空处上文可推知，F项符合语境，衔接上下文。〗5．B〖根据空处下文可知，该段介绍了对未来五十年的展望：从依靠石油的社会过渡到新的社会；未来的生活更好。故B项与此处匹配。〗Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·陕西省百校联盟一模)Chinesefoods,withalonghistory，1.________(be)knownfortheirspecialtasteandexquisiteness(精致).HereareseveraltraditionalChinesefoods.NoodlesareasymboloflonglifeinChineseculture.Theyareasmuchapartas2.________birthdaycakewithitscandles3.________(light)inwesterncountries.Sincenoodlesmeanlonglife,itisconsideredvery4.________(lucky)tocutthemoff.InChina,awholefish5.________(symbol)wealth.Ataparty,itisatraditiontoservethewholefish.ThefishalsohasaspecialmeaningbecausetheChinesewordforthefishyusoundslikethewordforwealth.So6.________isbelievedthateatingfishwillhelpyourwishescometrueintheyeartocome.Anotherpopulardishiszongzi,7.________isservedduringtheDragonBoatFestival.Thistastydish8.________(make)ofstickyricewithmeat,peanutsorotherdeliciousfoodinbamboo9.________(leaf).Thetraditionofeatingzongziismeanttoremindus10.________agreatChinesepoet，QuYuan.〖语篇解读〗该文简单介绍了三种中国传统食物——面条、整鱼和粽子。1．are〖考查时态和主谓一致。“withalonghistory”前后都有逗号，可以理解为插入语，不影响句子的主体结构，该句的主语是“Chinesefoods”，且此处是客观性的描述，故谓语用复数形式，时态用一般现在时，所以填are。〗2．a〖考查冠词。cake是可数名词，第一次在文中出现，而且没有用复数形式，又根据语境可知，此处应用不定冠词修饰；又因为birthday的发音以辅音音素开头，所以填a。〗3．lit/lighted〖考查with复合结构。此处为“with＋名词/代词＋分词/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词”结构，在句子中作状语。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处和“itscandles”存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用light的过去分词形式lit或lighted。〗4．unlucky〖考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“因为面条意味着长寿，所以将它们切断被认为是非常不吉利的”，所以填形容词unlucky。〗5．symbolizes〖考查词形转换。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，和句子的主语“awholefish”构成主谓关系，且此处表示一种客观情况，故用一般现在时的单数形式，所以填symbolizes。〗6．it〖考查固定用法。itisbelievedthat...“据信”是固定用法，it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，所以此处应填代词it。〗7．which〖考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰表示物的先行词zongzi，引导词在从句中作主语，所以填which。〗8．ismade〖考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“由……构成”，应用bemadeof...表示，又句子的主语为“Thistastydish”，且此处是客观性的描述，故应用一般现在时的单数形式，所以填ismade。〗9．leaves〖考查名词的单复数。leaf是可数名词，没有被冠词修饰，且此处表示“竹叶”，表示复数概念，故用其复数形式，所以填leaves。〗10．of〖考查介词。remindsb.ofsb.“使某人想起某人”是固定用法，所以此处填介词of。〗Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·湖北八校第一次联考)Asitisknowntoall，theGreatWallisthemostfamousplacesofinterestinChina.Everybodywantstogothere，butIamnoexception.Then，thissummervacation，thedayIhavebeenlookingforwardtocomingatlast.IgotupveryearlythatdayandsetoffwithmybrotherTimfollowedbehind.Aftertwohours'busride，wearrivedatwhichlookedlikethelargemarket，wherethereweremillionsofpeopletalking，pushingandphotographing.Lookingatthat，myenthusiasmimmediatedisappeared.Indeed，theGreatWallisreallysomethingmustbeexperiencedwithalittleeaseandprivacy.〖〖答案〗〗Aseq\o(it,＼)isknowntoall，theGreatWallisthemostfamouseq\f(places,place)ofinterestinChina.Everybodywantstogothere，eq\f(but,and)Iamnoexception.Then，thissummervacation，thedayIeq\f(have,had)beenlookingforwardtoeq\f(coming,came)atlast.IgotupveryearlythatdayandsetoffwithmybrotherTimeq\f(followed,following)behind.Aftertwohours'busride，wearrivedateq\f(which,what)lookedlikeeq\f(the,a)largemarket，wherethereweremillionsofpeopletalking，pushingandphotographing.Lookingatthat，myenthusiasmeq\f(immediate,immediately)disappeared.Indeed，theGreatWallisreallysomethingeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(that))mustbeexperiencedwithalittleeaseandprivacy.课时提能练(二十五)必修5Unit13People(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·南昌市一模)Theremainsofanancientape(猿)foundinaBavarianclaysiterecentlycaughtpeople'seye.Accordingtoscientists，theymayrenewpeople'sopiniononwhenhumans'ancestorsbeganstandingupright.AninternationalteamofresearcherssaidthefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermanyboreastrikingresemblance(相似之处)tomodernhumanbones.InapaperpublishedbythejournalNature，theyconcludedthatthepreviouslyunknownspecies—namedDanuviusguggenmosi—couldwalkontwolegsbutalsoclimblikeanape.Thefindings“raisefundamentalquestionsaboutourpreviousunderstandingoftheevolutionofthegreatapesandhumans，”saidMadelaineBoehme，wholedtheresearch.ThequestionofwhenapescouldwalkontwolegshasfascinatedscientistssinceCharlesDarwinfirstarguedthattheyweretheancestorsofhumans.Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai.Boehme，alongwithresearchersfromBulgaria，CanadaandtheUnitedStates，examinedmorethan15,000bonesrecoveredfromthearchaeologicalremains.Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(灵长目动物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago.Themostcomplete，anadultmale，likelystoodabout1metertall，weighed31kilogramsandlookedsimilartomodern­daybonobos，aspeciesofthechimpanzee.Likehumans，DanuviushadanS­shapedbackbonetoholditsbodyuprightwhilestanding.Unlikehumans，though，ithadapowerfulbigtoethatwouldhaveallowedittograbbrancheswithitsfooteasily.FredSpoor，apaleontologistattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon，calledthefossilfinds“fantastic”butsaidtheywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers，notleastbecausetheycouldchallengemanyexistingideasaboutevolution.〖语篇解读〗本文主要介绍了科学家新发现的古猿遗骨的相关情况，并指出这可能会刷新人们关于何时人类的祖先开始直立的观点。1．Wheredidthescientistsfindthebones?A．Germany. B．Bulgaria.C．Kenya. D．Brazil.A〖细节理解题。根据第二段中的“thefossilizedskeletonofamaleapethatlivedinthehumidforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermany”可知，科学家在德国发现了古猿遗骨，故选A。〗2．WhatcanweinferaboutDanuvius?A．ItcouldmakeS­shapedtools.B．Itwasaspeciesofthechimpanzee.C．ItlivedinCreteandKenya.D．ItexistedmuchearlierthanToumai.D〖推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai”和第五段中的“Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherprimate(灵长目动物)fossilsbelongingtofourindividualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago”可推知，Danuvius生活的时期比Toumai早得多，故选D。〗3．HowdoesSpoorfeelaboutthefinding?A．Itoffersfurthersupportforthetheoryofevolution.B．It