新时代核心英语教程写作2教学课件U3

oreurriculum新时代核心英语教程写

作23

UNITPrewriting—exploring

the

topicbrainstorming头脑风暴

branching分支列表freewriting自由写作

interviewing访谈Key

Te

rmske

eping

a

journal撰写日志

patterns

of

development扩展模式questioning提问Main

Conte

ntsFre

e

writingQue

s

tioningBra

ins

tormingKe

e

ping

ajourna

lBra

nchingInte

rvie

wingUs

ing

the

pa

tte

rns

of

de

ve

lopme

ntDifficult

PointsUnde

rstanding

different

stages

ofbrainstormingApplying

the

method

of

branchingappropriatelyBBrraaiinnssttoorrmmiinnggBrainstorming

is

an

effort

to

make

a

list

of

allthe

things

you

can

think

of

on

a

specific

topic.The

process

usually

involves

writing

down

allfacts,

ideas,

examples,

problems,

and

attitudesaround

a

topic

on

pape

r.You

can

brainstorm

alone

or

with

anotherperson.BrainstormingBrainstormingThe

following

example

shows

how

you

canbrainstorm

on

the

general

topic

health

in

orderto

narrow

it

down.煉Dise

ases煉Subhealth煉Losing

weight煉Exe

rcise煉Body

shaping煉He

alth

in

pregnancy煉Mental

health煉Physical

health煉COVID-19煉Epide

micBrainstormingThe

following

example

shows

how

you

canbrainstorm

on

the

general

topic

health

in

orderto

narrow

it

down.煉Pandemic煉He

alth

insurance煉Smoking煉Drinking煉Lung

cancer煉Cigare

ttes煉He

art

disease煉He

althy

foods煉Die

t煉Obe

sityGo

through

the

list,

looking

for

related

ideas,patterns,

or

one

central

idea

that

mightinterest

you.Begin

a

second

round

of

brainstorming

inwhich

the

topic

will

be

more

focused

than

thefirst.Furthe

r

brainstorm

to

adjust

the

purpose

foryour

essay

if

necessary.Furthe

r

brainstormingFurthe

r

brainstormingThe

following

is

the

second

round

ofbrainstorming.

You

can

brainstorm

on

thenarrower

topic

COVID-19.煉Coronavirus煉Self-isolation煉Quarantine煉Lockdow

n

of

the

city煉Harde

st-hit

areas煉Public

healthresponse煉Social

distance煉Social

gathering煉Traffic

controlFurthe

r

brainstormingThe

following

is

the

second

round

ofbrainstorming.

You

can

brainstorm

on

thenarrower

topic

COVID-19.煉Protection煉Online

offices煉Medicine煉Surgical

masks煉Washing

hands煉Epide

mic煉Pandemic煉14

days煉Vaccine

sBrainstorm

on

the

topic

traditional

Chinese

culture.

Write

down

no

lessthan

20

relevant

words

or

phrases

in

five

minutes.Activity

1煉Peking

Ope

ra煉Chine

se

calligraphy煉acupuncture煉Tai

Chi煉kung

fu煉dragon

dance煉Chine

se

porcelain煉cheongsam煉dumplings煉spring

rolls煉Beijing

Roast

Duck煉Dim

SumBrainstorm

on

the

topic

traditional

Chinese

culture.

Write

down

no

lessthan

20

relevant

words

or

phrases

in

five

minutes.Activity

1煉tofu煉the

Forbidde

n

City煉the

Gre

at

Wall煉the

Silk

Road煉the

Spring

Fe

stival煉Chine

se

Lunar

Ne

w

Ye

ar煉the

Mid-AutumnFe

stival煉Lunar

Cale

ndar煉the

Four

Gre

atInve

ntionsBrainstorm

on

the

topic

traditional

Chinese

culture.

Write

down

no

lessthan

20

relevant

words

or

phrases

in

five

minutes.Activity

1煉the

Four

Gre

at

Classical

Nove

ls煉The

Journey

to

the

We

st煉ConfuciusFreewritingFre

ewriting

is

a

kind

of

structuredbrainstorming.It

is

a

method

of

exploring

a

topic

by

writingabout

it

for

a

certain

number

of

minuteswithout

stopping.It

involves

you

in

the

writing

process.It

is

an

especially

useful

technique

forovercoming

the

writer’s

block.Fre

ewritingFre

ewritingThe

following

is

an

example

of

freewriting

inwhich

a

student

produced

ideas

and

informationon

the

topic

ways

to

relax

oneself.煉

Eve

ryone

has

their

own

way

of

relaxing.

As

forme,

I

often

try

to

relax

myself

by

eating,exercising,

staying

away

from

negative

people,

orkeeping

a

positive

attitude.

I

think

they

are

goodways

to

relax.

Eating

can

make

me

forget

manyunhappy

things

and

bring

me

happiness.Fre

ewritingThe

following

is

an

example

of

freewriting

inwhich

a

student

produced

ideas

and

informationon

the

topic

ways

to

relax

oneself.煉

Exe

rcise

is

the

same;

it

can

make

me

feel

tired,and

then

make

me

forget

my

troubles

and

stress.Can’t

think

of

what

to

write

next.

Oh,

right,

thereare

other

ways

to

relax

ourselves,

such

as

takinga

deep

breath,

talking

to

others,

and

sleeping.Must

talk

with

my

friend

to

find

out

more

waysof

relaxation.Freewrite

on

the

topic

cla

ssica

l

Chinese

litera

ture

in

10

minutes.Activity

2Your

turn

to

practice!QuestioningAsking

yourself

questions

to

stimulate

yourthinking

is

another

effective

way

to

help

youexplore

the

topic

from

different

perspectives.Que

stioningQue

stioningThe

following

are

some

journalistic

questionswhich

can

offer

you

a

starting

point

for

an

essayon

the

workaholic.煉What

is

a

workaholic?煉Do

you

know

any

workaholics?煉What

are

the

typical

characteristics

of

aworkaholic?煉⋯Ask

no

less

than

five

questions

on

the

topic

computers

in

10

minutes.Activity

3What

is

a

computer?What

are

the

different

kinds

of

computers?How

are

they

alike?

How

do

they

differ?What

are

the

parts

of

each

kind

of

compute

r,and

how

do

they

work

together?Ask

no

less

than

five

questions

on

the

topic

computers

in

10

minutes.Activity

3What

are

computers

used

for?What

are

some

well-know

n

computers?Who

invented

the

computer?What

impact

have

computers

had

on

humanlife

and

knowledge?BBrraanncchhiinnggBranching,

also

called

mapping,

clustering,

or

diagramming,

is

a

way

of

generating

ideas

by

using

freestyle

diagrams.This

method

is

helpful

for

people

who

like

tothink

visually.BranchingTo

do

branching,

you

can

follow

the

steps

below.煉Write

your

general

topic

in

the

middle

of

thepage.煉Think

of

ideas

related

to

the

topic.煉Think

of

ideas

related

to

the

branches.煉Continue

to

draw

branches

until

you

aresatisfied

with

the

material.BranchingBranchingDraw

a

branching

diagram

on

the

topic

COVID-19

in

10

minutes.Activity

4KKeeeeppiinngg

aa

jjoouurrnnaallYou

might

keep

a

journal

and

write

down

yourimpressions

on

any

matter

that

puzzles,delights,

disturbs,

or

interests

you.Journal

entries

are

often

personal

andinformal.Ke

eping

a

journalThe

topics

below

may

help

you

get

started.煉What

makes

me

angry/happy/sad/frustrated/sorry/embarrassed

is⋯煉Something

that

could

be

done

better

is⋯煉If

I

were

the

president

of

a

company/thestudent

union/

the

university,

I

would⋯煉In

my

writing

class

today,I

wondered⋯煉⋯Ke

eping

a

journalKe

eping

a

journalThe

following

is

a

journal

entry

(exce

rpt)

thatcould

be

developed

into

an

essay

on

hastyjudgment.It

was

sunny

this

afternoon.

My

six-ye

ar-oldbrother

and

I

were

playing

happily

together

inthe

yard

when

Mother

came

up

and

said

that

themoney

she

had

put

on

the

table

was

gone.

Sinceno

one

else

was

at

home,

it

was

obvious

thateither

my

brother

or

I

had

taken

it⋯Write

a

journal

entry

describing

a

place

meaningful

to

you.Activity

5TITLE:

A

Stream

in

the

Valley

of

My

Hometow

nMAIN

BODY:

(exce

rpt)Ne

ar

my

home

in

the

countryside,

there

is

avalley

and

a

little

stream

at

the

bottom

of

thevalley.

I

liked

to

go

down

the

valley

and

play

inthe

stream

when

I

went

back

to

my

hometown

inmy

childhood⋯IInntteerrvviieewwiinnggInte

rviewing

people

around

you

is

anotherfeasible

way

to

gather

information.You

can

learn

much

by

talking

to

peoplerelated

to

your

topic.Inte

rviewingInte

rviewingYou

may

interview

someone

who

has

retiredrecently

with

the

following

prepared

list

ofquestions

about

the

topic

retirement.煉Whe

n

did

you

retire?煉What

did

you

do

before

you

retired?煉What

do

you

like

most

about

retirement?煉What

do

you

like

least

about

retirement?煉⋯Activity

6Prepare

a

list

of

questions

to

be

used

for

an

interview

about

theproblem

of

procrastination.煉Do

you

have

the

habit

of

procrastinating?煉Whe

n

do

you

procrastinate?煉Why

do

you

procrastinate?煉Do

you

enjoy

procrastinating?煉Doe

s

procrastination

have

any

negativeimpact

on

you?Prepare

a

list

of

questions

to

be

used

for

an

interview

about

theproblem

of

procrastination.Activity

6煉Has

procrastination

affected

yourrelationship

with

your

friends

or

familymembers?煉Do

you

know

anyone

who

suffers

fromprocrastination,too?Prepare

a

list

of

questions

to

be

used

for

an

interview

about

theproblem

of

procrastination.Activity

6煉Do

you

think

procrastination

has

become

auniversal

problem,especially

among

youngpeople?煉If

you

often

procrastinate,do

you

plan

to

overcome

the

bad

habit?UUssiinngg

tthhee

ppaatttteerrnnss

ooff

ddeevveellooppmmeennttYou

can

also

refer

to

the

patterns

of

paragraphdevelopment

to

narrow

down

a

topic

or

tomove

from

a

topic

to

a

thesis.They

are

discussed

in

Unit

14,

Book

I.Using

the

patterns

of

developmentUsing

the

patterns

of

developmentThe

following

table

illustrates

how

the

patternsof

development

can

generate

different

rawmaterial

for

the

topic

happiness.Pattern

of

development

Raw

materialDe

scriptionProvide

accurate

sensory

details

todescribe

the

facial

expressions

andactions

of

a

happy

person

youknow.Na

rrationTe

ll

a

story

about

a

moment

whenyou

were

truly

happy.Cont.Using

the

patterns

of

developmentPattern

of

development

Raw

materialExe

mplificationProvide

several

examples

ofhappiness.De

finitionExpla

in

the

meaning

of

happiness.Process

analysisExpla

in

the

steps

to

make

yourselfhappy

again

when

you

are

sad.Cont.Using

the

patterns

of

developmentPattern

of

development

Raw

materialCompa

rison

and

contrastCompa

re

one

state

of

happinesswith

anothe

r.Cla

ssification

anddivisionDivide

happy

people

into

groups.Cause

and

effect

analysisExpla

in

the

causes

for

happinessor

the

effects

of

happiness

on

aperson’s

life

.Activity

7Use

the

patterns

of

development

to

generate

raw

material

for

the

topiconline

lea

rning.Pattern

of

development

Raw

materialDe

scriptionProvide

accurate

sensory

details

todescribe

the

faci