Unit2MoralsandVirtues词汇讲义-高中英语人教版

必修三Unit2词汇讲义dilemman.进退两难的境地；困境beindilemma处于进退两难的境地putsb.intoadilemman.困境IamgratefulthatyouhelpedmegetoutofthedilemmaIwasin.Facingadilemma,weshouldthinktwiceandmakearightchoice.她左右为难，思考着接下来做什么。Shewas__inadilemma___，wonderingwhattodonext.moraladj（只用于名词前）道德（上）的；道义上的n（用复数）道德规范/准则；品行morallyadv道德上immoraladj.不道德的ethicaladj.道德的；伦理的amoralquestion道德问题socialmorals社会公德eg.Shedescribesherownmoraldilemmainmakingthefilm.faintv.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微小的；微弱的faintfromhunger饿昏过去faintmemory模糊的记忆faintlight微弱的光线faintsmile淡淡的微笑faintchance很小的机会Thereisfainthope.有一线希望illustratevt（举例）说明；阐明；（给书或文章）做插图illustrationn.图解；图示illustratorn.插图画家illustrativeadj.解释性的illustratesth.withsth.用…来说明…toillustratemypoint为了说明我的观点eg.Shelookedlikeaprincessinanineteenthcenturyillustration.她看上去像19世纪插图里的公主。preciousadj.珍稀的；宝贵的previousadj.先前的；以前的；以往的apreciousgift珍贵的礼物apreciousmoment/memory珍贵的时刻/记忆beprecioustosb.对某人来说很珍贵carrysbthroughsth帮助某人渡过难关eg.MyfriendscarriedmethroughtroublewhenIwasinneed.eg.Canyoucarrymethroughthedifficultproblem?carryout实施；履行carryon继续carryaway运走entrustv.委托；交付entrustsb.withsth.=entruststh.tosb.把某事委托给某人marriagen结婚；婚姻ahappymarriage幸福的婚姻marryvt娶；嫁；与.....结婚vi结婚marriedadj.已婚的；有配偶的marrysb与某人结婚marrysbtosb把某人嫁给某人bemarriedto（表状态）与.....结婚getmarriedto（表动作）与.....结婚eg.Onreturningtothepalace,thekingmarriedthewoman.一回到宫殿，国王就和这位女子结婚了。eg.Herfatheristryingtomarryhertohismanager’sson.她的爸爸想让她嫁给他经理的儿子。eg.Theyhavebeenmarriedtoeachotherfor20years.他们已经结婚20年了。eg.Janegotmarriedtoherhusbandimmediatelyaftergraduation.简一毕业就嫁给了她丈夫。majorityn.大部分；大多数majorn.主修课程；专业adj.主要的v.主修themajorityof大多数的…themajority大众；大多数人majorin+专业“主修”plainv.抱怨；发牢骚plaintn.抱怨；投诉plain(tosb.)about/ofsth.向（某人）抱怨/投诉某事plain/explain/mention/announce+to+人makeaplainttosb.aboutsth.向某人抱怨某事respondvt回答；答复vi回应；做出反应respondto...对....做出反应responsen反映；回答；答复inresponseto作为（对......的）回答/反应unionn协会；联合会；工会；联盟；联合；团结theStudents’Union/studentunion学生会theEuropeanUnion欧盟Uniongivesstrength.团结就是力量。hirevt聘任；（短期）租用；（临时）雇用解雇；开除:firehireacar/boat租车/船thepowertohireandfire聘用和解雇的权利hiresbtodosth聘用某人做某事hireout出租eg.I’llhirealawyertohandlethecase.我将聘请一位律师来处理这一案件。eg.Thepanyhiresoutcars.这家公司出租小汽车。Letoutsthonhire出租某物carson/forhire供租用的汽车rent租赁房屋、土地hire短期雇用；租用employ长期雇用rejectvt拒绝接受；不录用rejectionn拒绝接受；否决reject和refuse都有拒绝的意思，有时可以换用，但也有一些区别：=1\*GB3①refuse为普通用词，reject常用在正式场合=2\*GB3②refuse可用作及物动词或不及物动词，而reject只用做及物动词Iaskedhimtolendmehiscar,butherefused.我请求他把车借给我，但他拒绝了。Iaskedhimtolendmehiscar,butherejectedme.我请求他把车借给我，但他拒绝了我。=3\*GB3③refuse后接不定式表示“拒绝做某事”，而reject通常不这样用。Herefusedtoattendthemeeting.√Herejectedtoattendthemeeting.×appointv任命；委派appointmentn约会（date）；约定；预约；任命；职位appointsb(as)sth任命某人为某职务eg.Samhasbeenappointed(as)manageroftheengineeringdepartment.山姆被任命为工程部经理。appointsbtodosth委派某人做某事eg.Thedoctorappointedanursetoguardher.医生委派一名护士看护她。eg.Ihaveanappointmentwithmydentistat11:30.makeanappointmentwithsb与某人约定/约会；(haveadatewithsb)keepanappointment守约cancelanappointment取消约定byappointment按照约定electvt选举；推选electionn选举；推选electsb(as)sth选举某人任某职务eg.Theyelectedme(as)president/chairmanofstudentunion.他们推选我做学生会主席。electsbtosth选某人进入某团体eg.Mybrotherwaselectedtothestudentunion.electsbtodosth选某人做某事eg.Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswhohavebeenelectedtomakedecisionaboutschoolaffairs.学校董事会由已经被选举出来决定学校事务的父母们组成。tendvt照顾；照料vi倾向；趋于tendencyn.趋势；倾向tend(to)thesick护理病人haveatendencyto/towardssth......的趋势eg.Iwouldliketotendthestoreforyouwhileyou’reaway.你不在时我愿意替你照看店铺。tendto/toward(s)sth倾向于...;有...的趋势eg.Thekindofmusictendstolightmusic.tendtodosth易于做某事；往往会发生某事eg.ItendtoseepicturesinmymindwhenIamreadingorlistening.在读或听的时候，我往往会在头脑中有画面感。publishv.发表；出版；公布publishern.出版人；发行人publish及物，可用于被动语态eout不及物，不能用于被动语态staffn(集体名词）员工；全体职员theteachingstaffofaschool学校的全体教师eg.Thestaffarenotveryhappyaboutthelatestpayincrease.员工们对最近一次的加薪不是很满意。retirev.退休；退职retiredadj.退休的retirementn.退休；退休生活retirefrom从…退休resignv.辞职resignfrom从…辞职retirementparty退休宴savingn节省物；节约；节省；（复数）储蓄金；存款asavingonenergy能源节约openasavingsaccount开储蓄账户savevt救；节省；保留；保存；储蓄；积攒；避免；免得principlen.道德原则；法则；原则beagainstone’sprinciple违背某人的原则inprinciple原则上；基本上onprinciple依据原则passiveadj被动的；顺从的passivelyadv消极地；被动地activeadj积极的；主动的scarevt惊吓；使害怕vi使惊吓scaredadj害怕的；对......感到惊慌或恐惧的（修饰人）scary令人害怕的（修饰物）eg.Thethunderscaredthechildren.雷声吓着了那些孩子。scare...away/off把......吓跑eg.Thegunshotshadscaredthedogoff.枪声把狗吓跑了。bescaredof(doing)sth害怕某事物/做某事eg.Almosteverychildisscaredofdogs.eg.Sheisscaredofgoingoutaloneatnight.bescaredtodosth害怕做某事eg.Theboysarescaredtocrossthestreet.scaresb.intodoingsth.恐吓某人做某事吓人的：frightening&terrifying&terrible&horriblesharpadj.急剧的；锋利的；尖锐的sharplyadv.尖刻地；猛烈地；急剧地sharpenv.使锋利；使提高asharpincrease/fall急剧上涨/下跌replacevt接替；替代；更换;把......放回原处=taketheplaceof...replacementn更换；更替；替换的人/物replace甲with/by乙用乙替换甲eg.Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.他们用昂贵的新跑车代替了钟爱的旧车。bereplacedby/with…被…取代被…取代：replace&taketheplaceof&takeone’splace&inplaceof&inone’splace&insteadofaccidentn事故；车祸；失事avoid/meet/causeanaccident避免/遇到/造成事故eg.Hewaskilledinacaraccident.他死于车祸。accident,incident,event辨析accident指偶然或意外发生的不幸事情，如atrafficaccident交通事故incident即可指小事件或小插曲也可指政治上有影响的事件或事变。theXi’anIncidentevent指历史上的重大事件，还可以表示国际、国内的大事以及体育比赛项目。eg.The800metersisnothisbestevent.800米不是他的最强项。byaccident偶然的；意外的=bychanceoperationn手术；企业；经营;运行；操作performanoperationonsb给某人做手术inoperation工作中；使用中；有效put...intooperation实施；使...运转；启用eintooperation开始工作；开始生效operatev动手术；经营；管理；操作；使用；运行；起作用；凑效operateonsb给某人做手术operatorn话务员；操作员；经营者whispervt/vi悄声说；耳语；低语n耳语（声）；低语（声）；传言；谣传whispersthtosb=whispertosb.sth.跟某人低声说某事whisperaboutsth低声说某事speakinawhisper低声说话inawhisper=inwhispers低声地Itiswhisperedthat…有人私下说biteone’stongue隐忍不言biteoff咬掉givesbabite咬某人一口assistvt帮助；援助assistancen帮助；援助assistantn助手；助理；店员assistsbwithsth在某事上帮助某人withone'sassistance在某人的帮助下=withtheassistanceofsb.assistsbtodosth=assistsbindoingsth帮助某人做某事eg.Iswamtomydadquicklyandassistedhimtoclimbontotheboat.=eg.Iswamtomydadquicklyandassistedhiminclimbingontotheboat.我迅速游向父亲，并协助他爬到船上。memoryn记忆力；回忆haveagood/badmemorymemoryloss失忆inmemoryof作为对......的纪念=inone’smemory=inhonorofmemorableadj.难忘的；记忆的=unforgettableMemoryiswonderfulifyoudon'thavetodealwiththepast.回忆本来是非常美好的，只要你能让过去都过去。Afilmwillbemadeinmemoryofthosebravefirefighters.为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。inmemoryof [ɪn

ˈmɛməri

ɒv] 作为对……的纪念inpraiseof 赞美，歌颂inhonourof 纪念；向……表示敬意insearchof 寻找inchargeof 负责；掌管inneedof 需要disguisev.装扮；假扮；掩盖n.伪装；化妆用具indisguise伪装disguisesb./oneselfas把某人/自己伪装成…disguisethefactthat掩盖…的事实speakwithoutdisguise 毫不掩饰地说There'snodisguisingthefactthat...……是掩盖不了的事实spill [spɪl] vi.&vt.(使)洒出(使)溢出spillout喷涌出来eg.Tearbegantospilloutoftheboy'seyes.spillover溢出eg.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。tearn眼泪；泪水(常用复数)intears流着泪；含着泪burstintotears突然大哭=burstoutcryingholdbackone’stears忍住泪水Finally,Tomhadtosaygoodbyetohisparentsintears.earnings（薪水）belongings（所有物）surroundings（环境）burstintotears 突然大哭起来fightbacktears 忍住眼泪tearsofjoy 喜悦的泪水holdbackone'stears 强忍住眼泪bemovedtotears 感动得流泪beclosetotears 快流泪了harmn/vt伤害；损害do/causeharmto...伤害；对.....有害harmfuladj有害的beharmfulto...对.....是有害的beharmlessto对…无害Toomuchdrinkingwilldogreatharmtoyou.=Toomuchdrinkingwillbeveryharmfultoyou.饮酒过量危害甚大。domoreharmthangood弊大于利(教材P20)Istherenooneinthisvillagewhofeelsanyresponsibilitytokeeptheirneighboursfromharm？难道这个村子里没有人觉得自己有责任不让他们的邻居受到伤害吗？despairn绝望vt绝望；感到无望indespair处于绝望中drivesb.todespair把某人逼得走投无路despairofsb./sth./doingsth.对某人/某事绝望；对…丧失信心Lucyputherheadonthedoctor’sdeskindespair.露西绝望地趴在医生的桌子上。agreat/gooddeal大量；很多learnagreatdeal学到很多Althoughshehadnevermetthatexpert,sheknewagreatdealabouthim.尽管她从来没见过那位专家，但是她对他很了解。agreat/gooddealof大量的；很多的（接不可数名词）Agreatdealofmoneyhasbeenwasted.(1)agreatdeal意为“大量”时，起名词作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语等；(2)agreatdeal意为“非常、很”时，在句中作状语，可修饰动词或形容词、副词比较级；(3)agreatdealof后跟不可数名词。(教材P20)Afteragreatdealofeffort,shefinallysucceededinmovingittothesideofthestreet.费了好大一番功夫，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。mightn.力量；威力mightyadj.强有力的；巨大的adv.非常；极其withallone’smight用尽全力mightydifficult极其困难flexibleadj.灵活的；可变通的；易弯曲的flexiblyadv.灵活地；易曲地inflexibleadj.不易弯曲的flexibilityn.灵活性；弹性；柔性beflexiblein…在…方面灵活inen.收入；收益ahigh/largeinealow/smallineasourceofine收入来源ine:收入；收益pay:工资；薪水salary:按月的薪水wage:按周的薪水/工钱Painpaystheineofeachpreciousthing.不受煎熬，难获珍宝。——莎士比亚thereforeadv因此；所以(thus)[语法填空常考词汇，置于句首或句中]therefore用于严谨的推理，可以表示结果，结局或结论Afishisacoldbloodedanimalandthereforeisverysensitivetowatertemperature.鱼是冷血动物，因此对水温非常敏感。tensionn紧张关系；紧张；焦虑tenseadj紧张的；绷紧的reduce/relieve/easetension减压；减缓紧张感atensionbetween…and……和…之间的紧张关系createanatmosphereoftension制造紧张气氛eg.Thetensionandexcitementbulitgraduallyallday.整个一天中，紧张与兴奋的气氛越来越浓。disagreedisagreementdisagreewith不同意…；与…不符；（气候/食物）使某人不舒服disagreewithsb.on/about/oversth.在某事上与某人意见不合agreewith同意；与…一致；（气候；食物）合适agreetodosth.同意做某事agreeon就…达成一致短语部分getintrouble陷入麻烦introuble陷入麻烦eg.Wheneversheisintrouble,heisthereforyou.outoftrouble摆脱麻烦；脱离困境havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难havetroublewithsth.在某事上有困难maketrouble制造麻烦beeagertodosth.渴望做某事beeagerforsth.渴望得到某物eageradj.热切的；渴望的eagernessn.渴望；热切payattentionto注意；专心（后接名词，代词，动名词，从句）paymore/much/little/lessattentionattract/drawone’sattentionto引起某人对…的注意focusattentionon集中注意力于befacedwith“面临；面对”（表主动）_______（face）withanawkwardsituation,youshouldkeepcalm.facing作状语时，不与with连用，直接加宾语faceuptosth.勇于面对某事facetoface面对面makeaface=makefaces做鬼脸inthefaceofsth.即使面对…；因为；由于toone’sface当着某人的面losefacesavefacefirstaid急救do/give/offer/perform/carryoutfirstaid(tosb.)对（某人）实施急救aidv.帮助；援助etoone’said=etotheaidofsb.帮某人的忙passby经过passaway去世passdown把…传给后人pickoneselfup振作起来；爬起来tripover被…绊倒tripandfall绊了一下摔倒了trip轻快地走/跑makeanattempttodosth.尝试做….makenoattempttodo/atdoingsth.不尝试做某事inanattempttodosth.试图做…atone’sfirstattempt在某人第一次尝试时attemptv/n企图；尝试；试图attempttodosth.试图/尝试做…人+beresponsiblefor“对…负责”事1+beresponsiblefor事2“事1是事2的原因”responsibilityn.负责；义务beresponsibletosb.对某人负责take/haveresponsibilityfor对…负责；对…有责任asenseofresponsibilityTheadvantageisthat….Thereasonisthat…Theproblemisthat…Shenotonlyplayswell,butalsowritesmusic.Notonlydotheteachershavetheirownideasonthematter,butthestudentshavetheirstoo.NotonlyyoubutalsoIamgoingtohavedinner.mora