2024年-TheFlea《跳蚤》分析课件

英国文学经典阅读·作品文本研究PPT

Unit4Theflea

1

Conceit(奇喻)

MetaphysicalPoetry

TranslationofTheFlea

SummaryofTheFleaContent:1.

IntroductiontoJohnDonne2.3.4.

5.2IntroductiontoJohn

Donne●

Theleadingfigureofthemetaphysical

school

3Donne

wasbornin

London

toaprominentRoman

Catholicfamily.

4

Attheageof11heenteredtheUniversityofOxford,wherehestudiedforthreeyears.Accordingtosomeaccounts,hespentthenext

threeyearsattheUniversityofCambridge

buttooknodegreeateitheruniversity.HebeganthestudyoflawatLincoln'sInn,London,in1592,andheseemeddestinedforalegalordiplomaticcareer.

5

DonnewasappointedprivatesecretarytoSirThomasEgerton,KeeperoftheGreatSeal,in1598.Hissecretmarriagein1601toEgerton'sniece,AnneMore,resultedinhisdismissalfromthispositionandinabriefimprisonment.DuringthenextfewyearsDonnemadeameagerlivingasalawyer.6◆Donne'sprincipalliteraryaccomplishments

duringthisperiodwereDivinePoems

(1607)andtheproseworkBiathanatos(c.1608,posthumouslypublished1644),ahalf-seriousextenuationofsuicides,inwhichhearguedthatsuicideisnotintrinsicallysinful.7◆Donnebecamea

priest

oftheAnglicanChurchin1615andwasappointedroyalchaplainlaterthatyear.◆In1621hewasnameddeanofSt.Paul'sCathedral.Heattainedeminenceasapreacher,deliveringsermonsthatareregardedasthemostbrilliantandeloquentofhistime.8◆SummaryofTheFlea

Thispoemisaboutthespeakerusedafleaasabridgethatmadehimandhismistresscombinetobecomeone.

Thelistener"thou"washislover.Helovedherverymuchandevenwantstomakelovewithher,butshedidn't.9◆TranslationofTheFlea

跳蚤

约翰·邓恩看呀，这只跳蚤，叮在这里，你对我的拒绝多么微不足道；它先叮我，现在又叮你，我们的血液在它体内溶和；你知道这是不能言说的罪恶、羞耻、贞操的丢失，它没有向我们请求就得到享受，饱餐了我们的血滴后大腹便便，这种享受我们无能企及。Markbutthisflea,andmarkinthis,Howlittlethatwhichthou[1]deniestmeis;Meitsuckedfirstandnowsucksthee[2],Andinthisfleaourtwobloodsmingledbe[3];Thouknow'stthatthiscannotbesaidAsin,orshame,orlossofmaidenhead,Yetthisenjoysbeforeitwoo,Andpamperedswellswithonebloodmadeoftwo,Andthis,alas,ismorethanwewoulddo.10Ohstay,threelivesinonefleaspare[4],Wherewealmost,naymorethanmarriedare.ThisfleaisyouandI,andthisOurmarriagebedandmarriagetempleis;Thoughparentsgrudge[5],andyou,wearemet,Andcloisteredintheselivingwallsofjet.Thoughuse[6]makeyouapttokillmeLetnottothat,self-murderaddedbe,Andsacrilege[7],threesinsinkillingthree.11住手，一只跳蚤，三条生命啊，它的身体不只是见证我们的婚约。还是你和我，我们的婚床，婚姻的殿堂；父母怨恨，你不情愿，我们还是相遇，并躲藏在黝黑的有生命的墙院里。尽管你会习惯地拍死跳蚤，千万别，这会杀了我，也增加你的自杀之罪，杀害三条生命会亵渎神灵。12Cruelandsudden,hast[8]thousincePurpledthynail[9]inbloodofinnocence?Whereincouldthisfleaguiltybe,Exceptinthatdropwhichitsuckedfromthee?Yetthoutriumph'st,andsay'stthatthouFind'stnotthyselfnormetheweakernow;'Tistrue;thenlearnhowfalsefearsbe:Justsomuchhonor,whenthouyield'sttome,Willwaste,asthisflea'sdeathtooklifefromthee.13

多么残忍，你毫无犹豫用无辜的鲜血染红自己的指甲？它不过吸了你一滴血罪不至死啊？你却以胜利者的口吻说你我并没有因失血而有些虚弱；的确，担心不过是虚惊一场：接受我的爱， 你的名誉不会有丝毫损失，就象跳蚤之死不会让你的生命有所损失。14◆MetaphysicalPoetry

MetaphysicalPoetryischaracterizedbyfantasticallymysticism.15Metaphysicalpoetryisakindofrealistic,oftenironicandwitty,versecombingintellectualingenuityandpsychological

insightwrittenpartlyinreactiontotheconventionsofElizabethanlovepoetrybysuchseventeenth-centurypoetsasJohnDonne,GeorgeHerbert,

Richard

Crashaw,ThomasTraverse,andAndrewMarvell.16TheMetaphysicalwereoutofcriticalfavorforthe18th

and19thcenturies(obviously,theRomanticpoetsfoundlittleinthisheavilyintellectualizedpoetry).Attheendofthe19th

centuryandinthebeginningofthe20th

century,interestinthisgrouppickedup,andespeciallyimportantwasT.S.Eliot'sfamousessay"TheMetaphysicalPoets"(1921).17InterestpeakedthiscenturywiththeNewCriticsschoolaroundmid-century,andnowistemperingoffabit,thoughDonne,theoriginal"BigName"isbeingsupercedednowbyinterestinGeorgeHerbert,who'sreligiousseekingandquestioningseemstobehittingacriticalnerve.18◆ConceitJohnDonne,oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresamongMetaphysical

poets,hasbeenfamousforhisspecialuseofconceit.ThisthesisendeavorstomakeabriefstudyonthecharacteristicsofDonne’sconceitsinTheFlea.19PartOneexplorestherepresentativedifferentviewpointsaboutconceitasaliterarydeviceandthespecialtiesofeachtheoryintheanalysisofDonne’sconceits.Inthispart,conceitismoreattachedtoTreasure’s“TheoryofConceit”connectedwithitsorigin,anditsuniquenessasaliterarydevice.20PartTwoadoptsanotheraspectofTesauro’s“TheoryofConceit”.ItexploreshowDonneusesimagestoexpresshiscontradictoryfeeling.ItanalysessometypicalexamplesinDonne’sSongsandSonnets.Itdividestheimagerymainlyintothreeaspects:lifeanddeath,secularanddivine,scienceandtheology.Donne’sPoetryisamirrorofthecommonfeelingofhumanbeingwhichfocusestheintellectandemotioninhispoetry.21Part

Threeisdevotedtoanalyzingthetwoi