基础写作句型

第一讲：基本写作原则及句子结构I.基本写作原则：1.Hehasoveronehundredchildren,mostofthemarehighschoolstudents.(Right/Wrong)Hehasoveronehundredchildren,andmostofthemarehighschoolstudents.Hehasoveronehundredchildren,mostofwhomarehighschoolstudents.2.我们应该好好学习，天天向上。Weshouldstudyhardandmakeaprogresseveryday.非洲人民应该向中国人民学习，中国人民应该也向非洲人民学习。TheAfricansshouldlearnfromtheChinese,viceversa.3..透过窗子，我可以看见无数路人Throughthewindow,Icanseenumerouspassers-by.II.写作原则练习在他上班的时候，他一般都吃食堂。Healwayseatsinthediningroomwhenatwork.他每天午饭都吃得很快。Heusuallyhaslunchveryfasteveryday.她在公司很吃得开Sheenjoyshighpopularityinthecompany.这样的粗话你怎么能吃得消？Howcanyoubearsuchbadwords？Howcanyoustandsuchroughwords?Howcanyoutoleratesuchroughwords?III.句子结构(一)S+V主谓结构1.ThenumberofTVviewerssoars/increasesdramatically/risessharplybetween8pmand10pm.电视观众的人数在晚上8点到10点之间急剧上升。2.Since1999thefigurehas_dropped/fallen/decreasedslowly..从1999年起数目开始缓慢下降。3.TheEraofGlobalizationhasalreadycome.全球一体化时代已经来临。4.Sometough/thornyproblemshavealreadyemerged.一些棘手的问题已经出现。5.Theenvironmenthasbeendeterioratingalongwiththerapiddevelopmentofeconomy.随着经济的迅猛发展，环境也在不断的恶化。6.Overweight/Obesepeoplesuffergreatlypsychologicallyandphysically.肥胖的人身心都受到伤害。(二)S+VT+O主语+及物动词+宾语1.Manywomencontinuetheircareersaftermarriage.许多妇女在婚后继续她们的事业。2.Thechemicalwastedamagespeople’shealth.化工废料危害人们健康。3.Theyarediscussingthetwocontrarysidesofthecontroversialissue.他们正就这个具有争议的事件的正反方进行讨论。4.Thehighunemploymentratedestroyssocialstability.居高不下的失业率破坏社会稳定。5.Impropereatinghabitsdamageourhealth.不良的饮食习惯有害健康。6.Theuniformdresspolicyhelpstoreinforceschooldisciplineandmaintainschoolsecurity.穿校服的制度有利于加强学校纪律和维护学校安全。说明:不及物动词可以通过跟介词或副词结合构成及物.(1)dealwith,lookinto,complainabout,resultin,leadto,disposeof,subscribeto,sidewith1.Therelateddepartmentshoulddealwiththisunpleasantmatterintwodays.有关部门应在两天之内处理这件不愉快的事件。2.Wouldyoupleaselookintomypresentsituation?你能否调查一下我的现状？3.Manyresidentscomplainaboutthedoglivinginagardennextdoor。很多居民投诉隔壁花园的狗。4.Theoveruseoffertilizersandpesticidesmayleadto/resultinthedeteriorationoftheenvironment.过量使用肥料和杀虫剂可能导致环境的恶化。5.Icanhardlysidewith/subscribetothelatteropinionforthefollowingseveralsoundreasons.我很难认同后一种观点，理由有以下几方面。6.Overindulgenceincomputergamesleadstooverweightandmyopia.过分沉迷于电脑游戏导致肥胖和近视。7.Fewpeoplesidewith/subscribetotheproposalsuggested/putforwardbyanimalrightactivists.很少人赞成动物权益保护者提出的建议。(2)makeupfor,lookdownupon,doawaywith,putupwith1.Iwillmakeupforyourlossduetomycarelessness.我将补偿由于我的粗心造成的损失。2.Weshallneverlookdownuponmanuallabor.我们永远都不应该轻视体力劳动。3.Weshoulddoawaywiththesedentarylifestyle.我们应该抛弃久坐的生活方式。4.Icanhardlyputupwithmyroommate’sinconsideratebehavior.我很难忍受室友不顾及他人的行为。(3)makeuseof,losesightof,attachimportanceto,layemphasison,payattention/heedto1.Morepeoplehaveattachedgreaterimportancetoanimalrightsoverthepastfewyears.在过去的几年里，更多人重视动物权益了。2.Weshouldmakegooduseofallthewastes.我们应当充分利用所有的废物。3.Weshallneverlosesightoftherisksbroughtaboutbythedevelopmentofthecloningtechnology.我们不能无视发展克隆技术带来的风险。4.Ourgovernmentlaysemphasisontheprotection/conservationoftheendangeredspecies.我们的政府更加重视稀有物种的保护了。5.Agrowingnumberofparentspayheedtotheeducationoftheirchildren.越来越多的家长更加重视小孩的教育了。(三)S+V+O2+O1主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)1.Thetouchonathickvolumegivesoneinexpressiblehappiness.手握厚重的一卷书，我们感受到难以言状的快乐。2.Theopponentsshowussomeconvincingevidence.反对者向我们展示一些具有说服力的证据。3.Thetableshowsustheresultsofasurveyontherelationshipbetweenincomeandage.该表格向我们展示了关于收入和年龄之间关系的调查结果。4.Agapyearoffershighschoolgraduatesavaluableopportunitytoidentifytheircareerinterestandgoals.（中学毕业上大学前的一年时间）为中学毕业生提供了一个宝贵的机会去认请自己的职业兴趣和目标。5.Iwishyouagoodjourney.祝你一路顺风。6.Aco-educationalschoolofferschildrennothinglessthanatrueversionofsocietyinminiature.实行男女共校制度的学校给学生提供了现实社会的微型版。7.Part-timejobsgivestudentsasenseofachievementandaccomplishmentthroughcontributingtothesociety.通过为社会作贡献，学生从兼职工作中获得了一种成就感。S+V+O+OC主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补1.Weconsiderkeepingpetsemotionallydetrimental.我们认为养宠物伤感情。2.Robotscanmakehumansreplaceable,redundantandevenextinct.机器人使人变得可替代，多余甚至使处于灭绝的境地。3.Thestressfullifemakesmanypeoplesick.紧张的生活令许多人生病。4.Thesoaringcrimeratemakesusupset.急剧上升的犯罪率使人沮丧、心烦。(五)S+LV+SC主+系动词+主语补足语（1）S+LV+N主+系+名次1.Thegreatestcontributionofco-educationalschoolpolicyisthehealthyattitudetolifeitencourages.男女共校制度的最大优点是它所提倡的健康的人生态度。2.OnemeritoftheInternetistheeasyaccesstothelatestinformation.互联网的好处是能迅速方便的获取最新的资讯。3.Playingvideogameisatime-consuminghobby.打游戏机是个费时的爱好。（2）S+LV+Abe,seem,appear,look,remain,sound,feel,smell,taste,become,grow,turn,go,prove,etc.1.Peteristalented/giftedbutmodest.Peter有才华但是为人谦逊。2.Theproposalseemsimpracticalandridiculous/absurd.这个建议似乎不切实际而且很荒唐。3.Theprojectsoundsquiteconvincingandconstructive.这个方案听起来相当令人信服和具有建设性。4.Theweatherbecomescoldinthewinter.冬天天气变冷。5.Ridingabikeprovesphysicallybeneficial.骑单车证明是有益健康的。6.SomeinformationontheInternetismisleadingandcheating.网上一些信息是误导人和带有欺骗性的。第二讲：句子种类I.简单句:一个独立的句子，如果只有一个主语（可以是并列主语）和一个谓语（可以是并列谓语），这样的句子就称为简单句。简单句只能有一个主语和谓语，但是可以包含不止一个宾语，定语或者状语。（注：句子基本结构部分的例句均为简单句).1.Theadvertisementismisleadingandexaggerative.该广告误导人且夸大其词。2.Thedirectcauseofdrug-takingisignoranceandcuriosity.吸毒的直接原因是无知和好奇。3.Theopponentsattributethedeteriorationofenvironmenttotherapidlyexpandingpopulationandeconomicdevelopment.反对方把环境的恶化归咎于人口的迅速增长和经济的快速发展。4.ThenumberofTVaudiencereachesthepeakof20,000at9pm.电视观众的人数在9点到达最高点2万人。5.Travelingabroadbroadensone’svision,enrichesone’smindandcultivatesone’sindependence.出国旅游开阔视野、丰富知识，也培养独立性。二、并列句并列句是由两个以上的意义相关的独立分句组成。分句之间通过并列连词连接或者由连接性副词和分号连接。并列句的分句各有一个完整独立的主谓结构，表达的意思同等重要，分句之间是互相独立，互不依从的。1.Someovernightmillionairesleadanextravagantandwastefullife,andmanyimpoverishedpeasantsstillleadamiserablelifeandfacethedangersofhungerandcold.有些暴发户过着奢侈浪费的生活，而许多贫穷的农民过着贫困的生活，饱受饥寒之苦。2.Thegovernmentmaylevyheaviertaxesonprivatecarowners,oritwilldevelopthepublictransport.政府要么对私家车主课以重税，要么将发展公共交通。3.P-bookswillnotbereplacedbye-books,norwillfastfoodreplacetraditionalfood.传统印刷的书不会被电子书籍所取代，正如快餐不会取代传统食物一样。4.Thegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstoconserveculturalheritage,yettherearestillmanybeingseverelydamaged.政府已经尽力去保护文化遗产，然而还有许多正遭受严重的破坏。5.Distance-educationhasbeenplayinganincreasinglysignificantroleinmoderneducation,sosomeoptimisticpeopleclaimthatourchildrennolongerneedtogotothetraditionalschooltoreceiveformaleducation.远程教育在现代教育中起到日益重要的作用，于是有些乐观的人声称我们的孩子不必去传统的学校去接受正规教育。◆与分号搭配的连接性副词主要有however,therefore,nevertheless,asaresult,instead,thus,incontrast,similarly,forexample,atthesametime,ontheotherhand,consequently,furthermore,additionally1.Thezoosprotectmanywildanimals;additionally,theykeepcitypeopleinclosercontactwiththemorenaturalworld.动物园保护许多野生动物，此外，它们还使城市居民有机会接触到自然状态下的动物世界。2.Somepeopleareusingbicyclesfortransportation;incontrast,othersarejoiningcarpoolsortakingpublictransporttogettotheirdestinations.有些人使用单车作为交通工具，还有些人合伙使用汽车或者搭乘公共交通工具去他们的目的地。3.Theintelligentmachinessuchasrobotscanreplacehumanstodosomedangeroustasks;inaddition,theyreleasehousewivesfromdailyhouseholdchores.智能机器如机器人能代替人从事许多危险的工作，此外，它们也使家庭主妇从日常家务活中解脱出来。4.Thecompanyproducespoisonousgasesdayandnight;consequently,theincidenceofcanceramongresidentsnearbyincreasessharply.那家公司整天制造有毒气体，因此，附近居民患癌症的病例急剧上升。5.Nuclearenergyhasmanybenefits;forinstance,itisverycheapandclean.核能源有许多好处，比方说，它很干净又便宜。6.AdvertisingperformsasignificantroleinAmericanbusiness;besides,itproducesenormousinfluenceonthenation’seconomy.广告在美国商业中起着重要作用，而且它对国家的经济有着极大的影响。7.Withoutcommercials,thepublic’sfavoriteprogramswouldnotbeshown;therefore,viewersmustacceptthemasnecessary.如果没有广告，公众喜爱的节目将不再播放，因此，电视观众必须接受它们，认为广告是必不可少的。8.Manyadsandcommercialsdogiveimportantinformationaboutproducts;nevertheless,someofthemaremerelymisleadingandcheating.许多广告确实提供了有关产品的重要信息，然而，其中一些却是误导人的和带有欺骗性的广告。9.Watchingtelevisionisaninexpensiveformofentertainment;additionally,itisagoodwaytolearnEnglish.看电视是一种便宜的娱乐形式，此外，它还是学习英语的好途径。10.Chemicalwastesintheenvironmentcanseriouslydamagepeople’shealth;Forinstance,thechemicalsdumpedintheriversleadtoillnesses,thedestructionofgenesandevendeath.环境中的化工垃圾严重威胁人们的健康。例如，倾倒到河流里的化工肥料导致人患病，基因遭破坏甚至死亡。11.Carefulconsumersrelyongoodadvertising;otherwise,theywouldnotbuyproductswisely.细心的消费者依赖好的广告，否则，他们将难以明智地购买各种产品。12.Thedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnologybringsmankindnumerousbenefits;atthesametime,itposespotentialrisks/threatstohumansociety.现代科学技术给人类带来众多的好处，同时也对人类社会构成潜在威胁。三．复合句复合句通常包含一个主句和一个或者多个从句。由连接词引导的从句可以充当主句的主语，宾语，表语，定语或者状语等。主要意思通过主句表达，而从句表达次要意思。正确使用复合句可以使表达的思想主次分明，也可避免由于过多使用独立的简单句或者并列句所造成的单调和罗嗦，减少不必要的重复，使表达更加简练和完整。1.OureatinghabitshavechangeddrasticallysincewesternfastfoodwasintroducedintoChinaadecadeago.自从十年前西式快餐进入中国以来，我们的饮食习惯发生了巨大的变化。2.Aslongaseveryoneisfullyawareofthedangerofobesityandtakeseffectivemeasurestopreventit,peoplesurelywillleadahealthierlife.只要每个人都充分意识到肥胖的危害性并且采取有效措施，我肯定我们一定能过得更健康。3.Allthattheadvocatessayisgroundless/untenable.支持者所说的一切均是站不住脚的。4.Iamnowfilingacomplaintagainsttheguywhohasjustmovedintotheflatnext-door.我要投诉刚搬到我家隔壁来的那个家伙。5.Itisimperativethatsomeactionshouldbetakentoputanendtotheworseningairpollution.采取有效措施来结束日益恶化的空气污染势在必行。6.Itiscommonlybelievedthatspaceexplorationcanpromotethedevelopmentofscience.人们普遍认为太空探索能促进科学事业的发展。7.Somepeopleholdthatthedevelopmentoftourismexertssomenegativeeffectsontraditionalculture.有些人认为旅游业的发展对传统文化产生一些负面的影响。8.Icanhardlyagreewith/supporttheproposalthatwomenshouldgobackhometobefulltimehousewives.我很难认同妇女应该回家做全职太太的建议。9.Themostpracticalcountermeasureisthatstricterlawsandregulationsbeestablishedtopunishlawbreakers.最实际的对策是制定更严厉的法律和法规来惩处违规者。四．并列复合句如果一个并列句中的一个或者更多的分句包含有一个或更多的从句，那么这种句子被称为并列复合句.1.Wheneveryoneisfullyawareofthesignificanceofenvironmentalprotectionandtakeseffectivemeasures,Iamfullyconfidentthatwecanenjoyacleanerenvironment.当每个人都充分意识到环保的重要性，并采取可行的措施，我坚信我们能享有更干净的环境。2.ItistruethattheOlympicGamescandevelopthefriendshipamongdifferentcountriesandpromotetheeconomicdevelopmentofthehostcountry,butthisnottosaythattheyarewithoutdisadvantages.奥运会增进各国友谊和促进主办国的经济发展，但这并非意味着奥运会是完美无缺的。3.Sincetourismhelpsenhancetheunderstandingbetweenpeople,itwillfinallyeliminatetheprejudicetoothernations,andmaketheworldamorepeacefulone.因为旅游业有助于增进人们之间的了解，它将最终消除对其他国家的偏见，从而使世界变得更加和平。第三讲：名词性从句---在句子中起名词作用的句子主语从句---作句子主语的从句WhytheyleavetheirhometownforAfrica(人们为什么离开家乡去非洲)isstillasecret.b.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknownisstillunknown.(谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知）。c.Howtheybecamefamousandsuccessfulisquitecleartous我们都很清楚他们是如何成名功成名就的。宾语从句：名词句用作宾语的从句a.由连接词that引导的宾语从句Shetoldmethatshefellinlovewithamarriedman.(她爱上了一个已婚男人）b.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序Don’tputofftilltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.(今天能做的事).c.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。Italldependsonwhetherwewillstayhereforalongtime.(我们能否长期呆在这里).3.表语从句:在句中作表语的从句表语：系动词之后的成分系动词： be(状态） keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand（持续） seem,appear,look（表象） feel,smell,sound,taste（感官） become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.（变化） prove,turnout（终止）ThissongisjustwhatIhavebeenlookingfor.(我一直在寻找的).IamstillwhoIwas.(非洲归来后）A:Myquestionis______________(我为什么要问问题）B:Iloveyourcheek.同位语从句--充当同位语的名词性从句Finally,wegotananswerthatourChinesebosscoulddonothingtoraiseoursalary.(我们的中国老板做不了什么事来提高我们的工资).这位女士为自己丈夫与很多女人有外遇而感到愤怒。Thisladywasmad/outrageousatthefact/newsthatherhusbandhadanaffairwithsomanywomen.一个女人很伤感的说：几年了，我家的马桶圈从来都没有掀起来过Aladyissad/upsetaboutthefactthatshehasbeenlivingwithoutapartnerforages.第四讲：定语从句和状语从句I.定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系词关系副词whenwherewhy注意：what/how/whether不能引导定语从句Practice1:男人在上海买房子这个愿望上帝无法满足。ThemanhadawishtobuyahouseinShanghai,whichisbeyondGod.2.一辈子陪伴你的女人被称作老婆。Thewomanwho/thatkeepscompanywithyouforalifetimeiscalledyourwife.LetABCbeatrianglewhosethreesidesareofunequallength(一个三边不等长的三角形).TheMonkeysparedsomemonsters,mostofwhomhadpowerfulconnections(他们大都是有很强的后台的).5.Thosepeoplewhosupportdeathpenaltyhavethefollowingreasons.那些支持死刑的人持有以下理由。TheDayCentreisestablishedtotakecareofthechildrenwhoseparentsworkduringtheday.日托中心是为了照料那些父母白天上班的小孩而建立的。7.Thosestudentswhoholdaforeigndegreeseemtobemoreself-confident,independentandwell-informed.拥有外国学位的学生似乎更加自信，独立和见多识广。8.Asisknowntoall,theInternetisaatwo-edgedsword.众所周知，互联网是把双刃剑。9.Somepeoplearestronglyagainsttheproposalthatissetforthbyanimalrightsactivists.有些人强烈反对动物权益保护者提出的建议。Thebalancedintakeoffood,thevarietyoffoodandthepositivelifestylearetheonlythingsthatwillpreventpeoplefromgettingoverweight.均衡的食物摄入量，食物的多样性和积极的生活方式就是使人不会肥胖的要素。11.Thosewomenwhoretreattocompletedomesticitytendtofeeldepressed,lonelyandlost.那些回家做全职太太的妇女往往感到沮丧，孤独和失落。Practice2：1.这才是我没能跟得上那辆宝马的原因。ThatwasthereasonwhyIfailedtokeeppacewiththatBMW.2.波兰前总统在他乘坐的飞机坠机之时身亡。TheformerpresidentofPortlandwaskilledwhenhisplanecrashed.3.Agapyearisaperiodoftimewhenhighschoolgraduatescantravel,dovolunteerworkortakecasualjobsbeforetheyfurthertheirstudyinuniversities.GAPYEAR是指中学毕业生在上大学前去旅游，做义工或者做临时工的一段时间。Ilookforwardtoadaywhenwecanenjoyacleanandquietenvironment.我盼望着有一天能享有干净和安静的环境。5.Thezooisanidealresearchcenterwherescientistscandoexperimentsonanimalstodiscoverthecausesofsomediseasesandfindnewtreatment.动物园是个理想的研究中心，科学家们可以在动物身上做实验，找出一些疾病的成因并研制出新的疗法。Thereasonwhymanyyoungstudentsgotostudyabroadisthattheycantastetheforeigncultureandmasteraforeignlanguage.6.许多年轻的学生去外国留学是因为他们有机会品位外国文化和掌握一门外语。ThatisthereasonwhyIdonotsupporttheinstallationofcamerasinpublicareas.这就是我为什么不赞成在公共场所安装摄像机的原因。II.状语从句：1.Whateverwetalkabout,(不管我们谈论什么),Jimbringshisfortuneintothediscussion.2.Howeverhardsomepeopleintheaudiencetriedtoupsethim(不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他),thecomedianalwayshadaquick,sharpreply.（i）时间状语从句冬天来了，春天还会远吗？Whenwintercomes,willspringbefarbehind?自从十年前西式快餐进入中国后，我们的饮食结构发生了巨大变化。OurdietarystructurehasundergonedrasticchangessincewesternfastfoodwasintroducedintoChinaadecadeago.只有禁用一次性产品，环境才有可能得到改善。Theenvironmentwillnotbeimproveduntilthedisposableproductsarebanned.4.Aslongaseveryoneisfullyawareofthesignificanceofenvironmentalprotectionandtakessomeeffectivemeasures,Iamfullyconfidentthatwewillovercome\tacklethepollutionproblem.只要每个人都充分意识到环境保护的重要性，并采取有效措施，我坚信我们一定能克服污染问题的。5.Destructionofthelandhasincreasedasthegrowingamountofnaturalvegetationisremovedtomakeroomformorehouses,roadsandhighways..随着大量自然植被让位于房屋，道路和高速公路，土地的破坏程度也日益增加。（ii）原因状语从句由于电脑被广泛使用于日常生活的方方面面，电脑知识成了现代人必备的知识。Ascomputersarewidelyusedinallaspectsofourdailylives,computerknowledgehasbecomeamusttoamodernman.动物被广泛用于医学试验，因为科学家可以通过在它们身上做实验来找出某些疾病的原因并研制出治疗方法。Animalsarewidelyusedinmedicalresearchbecausescientistscanconductexperimentsonthemtofindoutthecausesofsomediseasesandtheirtreatment.由于人们对这热点问题持有许多不同观点，一场激烈的争论在所难免。Afierceargumentwasinevitablebecausepeopleheldsomanydifferentviewsonthishottopic.(iii)地点状语从句在毒品猖獗的地方，犯罪率就急剧上升。Thecrimeratesoarswheredrugsarerampant.在环境污染严重的地方，许多珍稀动物处于灭迹的边缘。Manyrareanimalsareonthevergeofextinctionwhereenvironmentalpollutionisserious.在安装了摄像机的地方同样也发生了一些谋杀案。Somemurdercasesalsooccurwherecamerasareinstalled.(iv)目的状语从句现在，为了提高产量，农民使用各种不同类型的杀虫剂和肥料。Nowadaysfarmersareusingavarietyofpesticidesandfertilizerssothattheycangrowbiggerharvests.为了身体健康，我们应该避免吃含有高脂肪高热量的食物。Peopleoughttoavoidtakingfoodwithhighfatandhighcaloriessothattheycanstayhealthy.3.市政府决定拆除市中心的旧房子，以便建设更多现代化的高层建筑。Ourmunicipalgovernmentdecidestodemolishtheoldhousesinthecitycentersothatmoremodernhigh-risebuildingscanbeerected.(v)结果状语从句教育费用快速增长，不少大学生通过兼职来减轻父母的经济负担。Thecostofeducationisrisingsorapidlythatcollegestudentshavetotakeapart–timejobtorelievetheirparents’financialburden.失眠症太普遍了，引起了全世界医生的关注。Insomniabecomessoprevalentthatithasdrawntheattentionofdoctorsworldwide社会竞争太激烈了，许多人患有失眠症和抑郁症。Thesocialcompetitionissofiercethatmanypeoplesufferfrominsomniaanddepression.（vi）条件状语从句如果要在这两个男人之间选择，我会毫不犹豫地选择前者。IfIamaskedtomakeachoicebetweenthetwomen,Iwillnothesitatetochoosetheformerone.如果过分沉迷于打游戏机，你肯定会与家人和朋友缺乏足够的感情交流。Ifyouoverindulgeinplayingcomputergames,youaresuretolackemotionalcontactwithyourfamilymembersandfriends.(vii)让步状语从句虽然科学技术的进步给我们带来了很多好处，但是也在某种程度上对人类生活带来了负面影响。Thoughthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyhasbroughtusmanybenefits,italsoexertsnegativeeffectsonhumanlifetosomeextent.尽管做兼职的学生可以减轻父母的经济负担，但是过早接触社会又令他们的父母担心。Thoughstudentswhohavepart-timejobsmayhelpreleasetheirparents’financialburden,steppingintosocietytooearlyaddsgreatlytotheworriesoftheirparents.不管远程教育多么先进和方便，传统教育依然是主流的教育形式.Nomatterhowadvancedandconvenienttele-educationis,traditionaleducationremainsthemainstreamform.4.尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。Althoughmanyexpertsfromuniversitiesandinstitutesconsistentlymaintainthatitisaninevitablepartofanindependentlife,parentsingrowingnumbersarestartingtorealizethatpeople,includingteachersandexpertsineducation,shouldpayconsiderableattentiontothisproblem.

第五讲：连接词1.Theydecidedtowalktotheshop(afterwards/after)lunch.2.(Prior/Before)goingtowork,heputonhistie.3.Wecan’tbegin(until/priorto)hearrives.4.I’llgivehimthepresent(assoonas/eventually)Iseehim.5.(Afterthat/After)playingcomputergames,Iwastired.6.Thedooropenedjust(as/meanwhile)Isatonthechair.7.ShewatchedTV(throughout/while)wecookeddinner.8.Hedranksometea.(Meanwhile/When)Imadesomesandwiches.9.Iwatchedhim(as/throughout)hewalkedacrossthestreet.10.Hetoldussomestoriesjust(as/whilst)wewerehavingdinner.11.Theyarecriminals.(Notonly/Moreover)theyareviolentcriminals.12.(Inaddition/Aswellas)beinghealthy,thisfoodtastesgreat!13.Thehouseisbeautiful.(Aswell/Inaddition)itisinaquietneighborhood.14.Myfatherlovesrugby.He(also/furthermore)likesfootball.15.Ilikebeef,butIlikepork(aswellas/too).16.Hedidn’tpassthetest(inspiteof/eventhough)heworkedhard.17.(Although/Despite)shespokeslowly,Icouldn’tunderstandtheforeignteacher.18.(Inspiteofthat/Inspiteof)Istilllovehim.19.Thestreetsarejammed,(despite/although)havingfewercarsonthem.20.Shedidbadlyonthetest.Ithinksheisstillthebeststudent(despite/though).21.Mysisterlikesswimming(whereas/ontheotherhand)Ilikebasketball.22.Itisrisky.(Ontheotherhand/Comparing)youcouldmakealotofmoney.23.Marydidalotofhousework.(Contrastingwith/Incontrast)Jennydidnone.24.Heisbrave,(yet/whereas)heisfoolish.25.Welostthemoney.(Incontrast/Nonetheless)wearenotbankrupt.26.Wewillgoonthepicnic(providedthat/unless)itrains.27.Wewillholdtheconcertindoors(incase/dependingon)itrains.28.Luckily,IsaveditonaCD.(Otherwise/Incase)itwouldhavebeenlost.29.Let’sdriveincaseit(rains/willrain).30.Wemayholdtheconcertindoors,(dependingon/providedthat)theweather.31.Wecouldn’thearwhathewassaying(because/becauseof)thenoise.32.Thecompanyhadproblems(dueto/because)customersnotpayingtheirbills.33.Iamgoodatcomputergames(since/becauseof)Iplayalotofthem.34.Icanswimeveryday,(as/owingto)thereisaswimmingpoolverynearmyhome.35.Helosthisjob(because/becauseof)hewaslazy.36.Hehasmanyskills.(Forexample/Namely)hecanrepairTV’s.37.(Inconclusion/Tosum),thisprojectiswasteoftime.38.Weshouldhaveemployedtheolderman(rather/insteadof)theyoungerone.39.Wespentalotoftimeandmoneyontheproject,but(eventually/once)itwasfinished.40.Shefeltill(as/meanwhile)shewastravelingonthebus.41.Travelingcanberelaxing.(Besides/Notonly)itcanbeeducational.42.(Although/However)sheisyoung,shehasalotofexperience.43.(Whereas/Nonetheless)youaremoreexperienced,sheismoreenergetic.44.Ihaveasimilaropinion(to/with)yours.45.(Whether/Otherwise)youlikeitornot,theInternethasbecomeanewwayofsocialcommunication.46.ThereisalotofconstructionworkinBeijing,(dueto/since)the2008Olympics.47.Iwenttothebakery(to/soto)buysomebread.48.Ifailedthetest.(Incase/Therefore)Iwilltakeitagainnextmonth.49.Weallwenttothewedding,(apart/except)Wendy.50.Thetelephonerang(while/during)wewerechatting.第六讲：非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式（infinitive）,分词（participle）,和动名词（gerund）。I.不定式的用法a.作主语1.Tosetupaspacestationcostsahugesumoftaxpayers’money.建立太空站花费大量纳税人的钱。2.Tosubsidizeartistsandmusiciansisawisemeasuretoprotectthetraditionalculture.资助艺术家和音乐家是保护传统文化的明智措施。3.Howtosolvetheheavytrafficproblemisaathornyissueforourgovernment.如何解决严重的交通问题对于政府而言是个棘手的问题。4.Tosayisonething,todoisanother.说是一回事，做是另一回事。5.Itisessentialtoputtheoryintopractice.理论联系实践是很重要的。b.作宾语1.Iprefertoagreewith/sidewith/supporttheformeropinion.我倾向于前者的观点。2.Somepoorstudentsmanagetopaytheirtuitionbytakingapart-timejob.一些贫穷学生通过做兼职来支付他们的学费。3.Iintendtoexplorebothsidesthecontroversialissuebeforedrawingaconclusion.在得出结论之前，我打算先探讨一下这具有争议的话题的正反方的意见。4.Thisessayaimstoanalyzethiscomplicatedphenomenonfromdifferentangles..本文将从不同角度分析这个复杂的现象。c.作表语1.Myproposalistosettheanimalskeptinzoosfree.我的建议是把关在动物园里的动物放出来。2.Thebestwaytoincreaseone’smetabolismistodosomeformofaerobicexercise,likeabriskwalk.促进人体新陈代谢的最好办法是做有氧运动，例如散步。3.Thesoletaskofstudentsistoacquiretheknowledgeandskillsessentialtotheirfuturecareer.学生的唯一任务是获得将来工作所需的知识和技能。4.Hisdreamistopursuehismaster’sdegreeinCambridgeUniversity.他梦寐以求的是去剑桥大学攻读硕士学位。5.Whatwemustdonextistoavoideatingfoodwithhighfatandhighcalories.我们下一步要做的是避免吃含高脂肪和高热量的食物。6.Thefirstcountermoveistoconstitute/establishstricterlawsandregulationstodeterpotentialcriminals.第一个对策是制定更多严厉的法律和法规来阻吓潜在的犯罪分子。d.作补语1.Advancedintelligentmachinessuchasrobotsenablepeopletoworkmoreefficientlyandcomfortably.先进的机器如机器人使人们工作更高效和舒适。2.TheThekeen/intensesocialcompetitionmakespeopleworkandliveundergreatpressure.激烈的社会竞争使人们在巨大的压力下工作和生活。3.The21stcenturyrequiresustoarmourselveswithadvancedknowledge.21世纪要求我们用先进的知识武装自己。4.Parentsalwaysexpecttheirchildrentobeoutstandingandsuccessful.父母总是希望自己的孩子出人头地。5.TheadventoftheInternetenablespeopletohaveeasieraccesstoallsortsofinformationworldwide.互联网的出现使人们更加容易接触到全世界各种各样的信息。e.作定语1.TheInternetisaneconomicalwaytospreadinformation.互联网是传播信息的经济的途径。2.Ourgovernmentreleaseditsschemetodemolishalltheoldbuildingsinthedowntownareawithanaimtoimprovetheimageofthecity.政府公布了拆除商业中心区旧建筑以改善城市形象的计划。3.Celebritiesalsohavethebasicrighttoprotecttheirprivatelives.名人一样拥有保护自己私生活的基本权利。4.Weneedsomenewspaperstovoicethefeelingofthemasses.我们需要一些能反映群众呼声的报纸。5.IamunabletoattendyourfancypartybecauseIhavesomeurgentmattertoattendtothisevening.我不能参加你的化装舞会，因为我今晚有急事要处理。6.Nowadays,(along)withthewideuseofthecomputer,manyadultsfeelurgenttolearncomputerknowledge.现在，随着电脑的广泛使用，许多成年人感到学习电脑知识的迫切需要。7.Ourgovernmentshouldorganizesomelarge-scalecampaignsarousepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.我们政府应该举办大型活动来唤醒人们的环保意识。8.Teenagedrugabuseisahottopictobediscussedattheconference.青少年吸毒是会议将讨论的热点话题。f.作状语（目的，结果，原因）1.Ourgovernmentshouldtakestrongermeasurestocombatthelitteringbehavior.我们政府应采取更强硬的措施来对付乱丢垃圾的行为。2.Shegoesjoggingeverydaytoloseweight.她每天通过慢跑来减肥。3.Tomakeupformymistake,Isincerelyinviteyoutopayavisittomyhometown.为了弥补我的过失，我诚意地邀请你到我们家乡做客。4.Governmentsandordinarycitizensshouldjoinhandsto/combineeffortsto/worktogethertocreateacleanerenvironmentnotonlyforus,butalsoforourfuturegenerations.不仅为了我们，也为了我们的后代，政府和普通市民应该携手并肩营造一个更为清洁的环境。5.Iwritethislettertosincerelyapologizeformyfailuretomeetyouattheairportlastnight.我先写信向你表示诚意的道歉，因为昨天晚上我没能去机场接你。6.Iamverysorrytohavemadetheanimalssufferduringthetest.我为动物在实验过程中遭受痛苦而感到遗憾。7.Toeliminate/clearmisunderstandingbetweenus,IwouldliketoinviteyoutoseeanewmoviethisSundayevening.为了消除我们之间的误会，我打算邀请你这个星期天晚上去看一部新出品的电影。8.Wedecidetoholdafamilypicnicatmyplacetocelebratemyfather’sbirthday.我们决定在我家举行家庭野餐来庆祝我爸的生日。“十大句式”在写作考试中的应用是否非让它假装强调比较差（插）的原因？即：否：否定句；非：非限制性定语从句；让：让步句；它：it引导的句子；假：假设句；装：倒装句；强调：强调句；比较：比较句；差（插）：插入语；原因：原因句。一、否定句许多否定句不含not的否定结构。如果考生能正确使用他们，就会增加写作的闪光点，使文章显得生动活泼。Insteadofindulginginplayingcomputergames,childrenshouldbetaughthowtobenefitfromusefulinformationontheInternet.应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。Onnoaccount(Undernocircumstances)shouldpeopleignoretheimmensevalueofknowledge.我们绝不能忽视知识的巨大价值。Collegestudentstakepart-timejobsnotformoremoneybutforabetterunderstanding/comprehensionofsocieties.

大学生参加兼职工作不是为了赚更多钱，而是为了更好地了解社会。One’ssa