数字译法概述

InterpretingofFiguresPhase1=N+M+CPhase2=Rem+Read+PMainidea,keywordspropernames,list,figures.Fiveelementswheninterpret

figures1.Themathematicalvalueoffigures2.Theorderofthesignificanceofthefigures3.Theunitsofthefigures.4.What’sthefigurereferto.5.Therelativevalueofthefigures.数字口译

InterpretingNumeralsForaninterpreter,oneofthedifficultiesintransferenceofthemessageisfigures.ForaChineseinterpreter,thedifficultiesaregreater.ThereasonisthatthebasiccountingunitsaredifferentinChineseandinEnglish.

Themaindifferencesofcountingunits1.InChinese,inadditionto“个位”,“十位”,“百位”,“千位”,thereisaname“万”forafive-digitnumberand“亿”foranine-digitnumber.HenceChinese”一万”mustberenderedinto“十千”(tenthousand)inEnglish,and“十万”into“一百千”(onehundredthousand)2.InEnglish,thenamesofthedigitsarebasedongroupsofthreezeroes.Thefirstgroupofthreezeroes(1,000)iscalledthousand,thesecond(1,000,000)million,thethird(1,000,000,000)billion.2.汉语数字分段法：第一段位：个十百千第二段位：万十万百万千万第三段位：亿十亿百亿千亿第四段位：兆（万亿）1.英语数字分段法：第一段位：onetenhundred第二段位：thousandtenthousandhundredthousand第三段位：milliontenmillionhundredmillion第四段位：billiontenbillionhundredmillion第五段位：trillionComparisonofCountingUnits个十百千Onetenhundredthousand

万10thousand十万百万100thousandmillion千万亿十亿10million100millionbillionComparisonofCountingUnits个十百千万十万百万千万亿十亿百亿千亿Onetenhundredthousand

tenthousand

hundredthousandmilliontenmillionhundredmillionBilliontenbillionhundredbillion3.英汉数字对比ArabicEnglishChinese1One一10Ten十100Onehundred一百1,000onethousand一千10,000tenthousand一万100,000onehundredthousand十万ArabicEnglishChinese1,000,000onemillion一百万10,000,000tenmillion一千万100,000,000onehundredmillion一亿1,000,000,000onebillion十亿10，000，000，000tenbillion一百亿100,000,000,000onehundredbillion一千亿1,000,000,000,000onetrillion一兆(万亿)Note-takingofnumbers缩略语记录法分节号记录法点线记录法小数点记录法1,123,456,789

bmth

十百千个

亿

万缩略语记录法1,123,456,78

9

十亿千百十万千百十个

亿

万万万

万=10，000

十万=100，000

千万=10，000，000

亿=100，000，0001,123,456,789

bmth

十百千个

亿万5万50,000=50th40万400,000=400th2千万

20,000,000=20m1亿100,000,000=100m分节号记录法SymbolsforFigures5,000:5’

5,

55th32,000:32’

32,

32

32th7,000,000:7’’

7,,

77m25,000,000:25’’

25,,

2525m1,000,000,000:

1’’’

1,,,

11b点线记录法1.听到中文,写下阿拉伯数字,然后用”三分法”标记,读出英语.例:听到”一亿两千五百万”

写下1/2500/0000,标记为:1/25,00/0,0002.听到英语,写下阿拉伯数字,然后用”四分法”标记,读出中文例:听到:sevenhundredsixtythreemilliontwohundrednineteenthousandeighthundredandtwelve,

写下:763,219,812

标记为7/63,21/9,812

读出：七亿六千三百二十一万九千八百十二Figures-1:C-E,digitconversion3,700

30,00025,00015,500400,000550,000108,00010,000,00037,000,000150,000,000Figures-2:C-E,digitconversion656

3337692,80050,60042,60050,5009,000,00048,620,0001,300,000,000QuickprocessoffiguresGivethefigureofpopulationofthefollowing5countriesafterthemodelatonego–beforethefiguredisappearsfromthescreen.ThepopulationofIrelandin2004was…

Ireland3,522,000France57,600,000Japan124,700,000UnitedStates258,300,000Europe368,700,000QuickprocessoffiguresPairwork:

A:Givethefiguresconcerningthecoming4countriesafterthemodelatonego–beforethefiguredisappearsfromthescreen.

B:Interpretthefigures.

Belgiumhasanareaof…squarekilometers,itspopulationis…andthepopulationdensityis…persquarekilometerCountryArea/kmPopulationPopulationdensity/perkm²Belgium1.00010,100,000330Denmark43,0005,200,000120Germany337,00081,200,000226France544,00057,600,000106Nowchangeroles!Spain505,00039,100,00078Finland337,0005,100,00015Italy301,00057,100,000189Britain244,000244,000237

China'sTop10TradingPartnersin2004

(Unit:US$1billion)

RankCountryImp/ExpExportImport(Region)

(Unit:US$1billion)

Japan66.232.433.8USA 61.542.019.5EU 55.7 30.2 25.5HK 43.8 36.96.9

5ASEAN 27.1 12.2 14.9

RankCountryImp/ExpExportImport(Region)

(Unit:US$1billion)

6 Korea25.07.8 17.27 Taiwan 23.5 4.0 19.58 Australia6.3 2.73.69 Russia 5.7 1.54.2

10Canada4.7 2.42.3倍数的翻译（times/multiples）倍数翻译是一个很容易出错的问题，这是因为英汉两种语言均有众多的倍数表达法，很容易让人混淆。倍数翻译最根本的问题在于要搞清楚是否包括基数。汉语有一些句式包括基数，也有一些句式不包括基数，而英语则都包括基数。例如：AistwiceastallasB.AistwicetallerthanB.这两种句式所表达的含义是一样的，也就是说，如果B是1的话，A就是2。两个句子都应该译成“甲的身高是乙的两倍”或者“甲比乙高一倍”。第一句话翻译起来一般不会有什么问题，但翻译第二句话却必须小心，因为如果把它译成“甲比乙高两倍”，那么，按汉语的表达习惯，A就会被错误的理解为3倍。AisxtimesasmuchasB=AisxtimeslargerthanB表示“甲是乙的两倍”英语用twiceas…as,twicethenumber/size/lengthof,toincreaseby100%,以及double来表示。

表示“甲是乙的三倍”英语用thrice/threetimesas…as,thrice/threetimesthenumberof;toincreaseby200%,以及triple/treble来表示。

表示“甲是乙的四倍”表示四倍，英语用fourtimes/fourfold,以及quadruple和toincreaseby300%。表示四倍以上的依此类推。

倍数A是B的五倍

AisfivetimesasmuchasB.fivefold400%greaterthanfivetimesgreater/morethanThereisa400%increasewhenwecompareBwithA.Increaseby400%Cardinals,fractions,decimalsandpercentages

Forcardinalnumbers,askstudentstofamiliarizethemselveswiththeconversionofnumbersbetweenChineseandEnglish,whichisalwaysabigheadacheforinterpreterssinceChineseadoptsafour-digitsystemwhileEnglishadoptsathree-digitsystem.Alsonotethat“and”isnotusedafterhundredsinAmericanEnglish.Cardinals,fractions,decimalsandpercentagesForfractions,studentsshouldnotonlyknowhowtodealwiththeinterpretingoffractionswithsmalldenominators,butalsofractionswithlargedenominators.Inthelattercase,“over”isusuallyusedbeforethedenominatorandafterthenumeratortoexpressthefractionmoreclearly.Cardinals,fractions,decimals

andpercentagesFordecimals,studentsshouldpayattentiontothreepoints:1)thezeroimmediatelybeforethedecimalpointcanbeomittedwhenspoken;2)numbersafterthedecimalsarespokenseparately;3)thezerofollowingdecimalpointisspokenas“o”,thesameastheletterofthealphabet.数学符号31%thirty-onepercent71.3*seventy-onepointthreedegrees0.631nought/zeropointsixthreeone+31/2(3/7)plusthreeandahalf(threesevenths)-51/4minusfiveandaquarter1/xoneoverxy2ysquaredk3kcubed()roundbrackets;parentheses[]squarebrackets{}braces;curlybrackets1/2onehalf1/4onequarter1/5one-fifth1/3one-third3/4three-fourths5/9five-ninths2/6two-sixths9/10nine-tenths3/1000three-thousandths26/95twentysixoverninety-five79/53seventy-nineoverfifty-three

九又四分之一nineandaquarter五又三分之二fiveandtwo-thirds:

Rates,ratios

Thefollowingaresomeabbreviationscommonlyusedinratesandratios2:32to350kph50kilometersperhour100mph100milesperhour50kg/sqcm50kilogramspersquarecentimeter80rpm80rounds(orrevolutions)perminut120wpm120wordsperminute8%pa8%per10kw10kilowattsInterpretingIndefiniteNumbers(不确定数字)InterpretingApproximateNumbers(大约)CH:约、大约、大概、来、左右……ENG:about,around,roughly,approximately,some,moreorless,intheneighborhoodof,orso,orthereabout,intherough…InterpretingNumbersSmallerthanRoundNumbers(少于)CH:少于、低于、不到、不及、不足、以下……ENG:fewerthan,lessthan,under,below,within…InterpretingNumberswiththeMeaningof“Nearly”(将近)CH:近、快、将近、几乎、差不多、差一点儿、差一点儿不到……ENG:nearly,almost,toward,closeon…InterpretingIndefiniteNumbers(不确定数字)InterpretingIndefiniteNumbersWhichMean“MoreThan”(多于)CH:多于、大于、高于、超过、多、以上……ENG:morethan,over,above,upwardsof,andmore,odd,andodd…InterpretingNumbersWhichAreBetweenParticularNumbers(介于)CH:到、至、介于…之间……ENG:from…to…,(anywhere)between…and…InterpretingIndefiniteNumbers(不确定数字)

twomilesorso;somethirtypersons;moreorlessfortypages;roundabouteighto’clock;somewhereaboutfourprovinces十几个nomore/lessthantwenty;overadozen

几十个dozensof几百个hundredsof

成千上万thousandsof

几十万hundredsofthousandsof

数以百万计millionsof

亿万hundredsofmillionsof趋势的表达法增加:increase,rise,grow