人教版高中英语选修7课件unit2robotsGrammar

人教课标高二选修7Unit2不定式由“to+do(动词原形)”构成,其否定形式是“nottodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,在句子中作______,_____,_____,_____,_____,_____或_________。不定式没有人称和数的变化,但有_____和_____的变化。独立结构主语表语宾语宾补定语状语时态语态不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。形式主动被动一般式进行式完成式完成进行式todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone1.It’sanhonourtobeinvitedtotheceremony.2.Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.3.Hisdreamwastobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.4.Therearealotofthingstobediscussed.5.Shewassenttheretobetrainedforthespaceflight.作主语作宾语作表语作定语作状语不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.

他受到批评是件好事。Shepreferredtohavebeengivenmoreimportantworktodo.

她宁愿分给她的是更重要的工作。Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.

她是第一位当选这个位置的妇女。Heisnotlikelytohavebeennotifiedaboutit.

这事多半还没有通知他。Translation!Attention!在某些结构中不定式虽然表示被动含义，用的却是主动形式。1.如果不定式动作的逻辑主语出现在句中，且为主动关系，则用主动表被动。I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealetter

(post)?

tobeposted2.如果不定式动作与主语没有主谓关系，或是没有名词或代词可作不定式的逻辑主语时，则需要用不定式的被动式。Theproblemiseasytoworkout.Thebookishardtounderstand.Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof/tobetakencareof.Thehouseistolet.Whoistoblameforit?Thereasonisnotfartoseek.3.在“s.+be+adj.+to””结构中，用主动表被动。4.在therebe句型中，可以是主动式也可以是被动式。5.一些做表语的不定式常用主动形式，如let，hire，blame，seek等。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout.Thehouseisbigenough

tolivein.6.在“too...to...;enough...to...”结构中1.Thedishesneed____________.tobewashedwashPractice2.Themailisintended__________.sendtobesent4.Thehouseis _________.selltobesold3.Thewallisexpected_____________.tobepaintedpainttobeunderstoodtobelaughedat4.Thesearetheissues______________(discuss)tomorrow.5.Thenewdrugis___________(test)outon500patientsnextyear.6.Shewasverybeautifulbutshedidn’tlike___________(envy)byallthegirlsshemet.tobetestedtobeenviedtobediscussed我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候,或强调动作的承受者时。Printing

wasintroduced

toEuropefromChina.Look!Thereisnothinghere.Everything

hasbeentaken

away.1.Myhamburgerwaseatenbythedog.2.Thetoyismadebyhand.3.HewillbesenttoAfricanextweek.

一般现在时：____________________Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

Iamaskedtogetupearlyeveryday.ThebooksarewrittenbyLuXun.am/is/are＋donewas/were＋donewill/shallbe＋done过去将来时：_____________________Thenews

wouldbesenttothesoldier’smotherassoonasitarrived.wouldbe＋given过去进行时：________________________Thefeast

wasbeingprepared

whenthebirdsarrivedinthesky.现在完成时：________________________Greatprogress

hasalsobeenmade

incultureandeducation.现在进行时：________________________

Themachineisbeingrepairedintheworkshop.am/is/arebeing＋donewas/werebeing＋donehave/hasbeen＋done过去完成时：_________________

Thehugebridge

hadbeendamaged

beforetheWorldWarⅡ.将来完成时：__________________________Thebook

willhavebeenpublished

bytheendofnextmonth.hadbeen＋donewill/shallhavebeen＋done含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态：_____________________情态动词+be+doneThisproblem

canbesolved.What’sdone

cannotbeundone.

1.某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词可以表示被动意义。

cook,smell,taste,wash,write,shut,prove,sell,read,write1)Thedish

tastes

delicious.

2)Thetheory

proved

rightatlast.Thebookissointerestingthatit

sellswell.sells此处为不及物动词“销售起来;有销路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖;出售”。Thiskindofcloth

washeswell.(耐洗)

need+v.-ing表示“主语承受动词发出的动作”，表示被动意义。

我的车需要修理。

Mycarneedsrepairing.

(=toberepaired).ThisnewEnglish-Chinesedictionarycost

metendollars.3.某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有 被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：如：战争爆发了。Thewarbrokeout.Thewarwasbrokeout.4.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语 态，不及物动词没有。

“be＋过去分词”这个结构并不都是被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：Theenemy

wassoonsurrounded

byus.Thehouse

issurrounded

bytrees.She

wasbitten

bythedoginthedarkness.Iwasexcited

bythenewsthatmyhusbandgotpromoted.1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.Mybikewill__________bymyfatherforme.2.Ihavefoundmywallet.Mywallethas___________.3.Shetoldmetowaithereforher.I_________towaithereforher.berepairedbeenfoundwastoldPractice4.Thepolicewillsurelyarrestthemurderer.Themurdererwillsurely___________bythepolice.5.TheyinvitedMr.Greentomakeaspeech.Mr.Green__________tomakeaspeech.6.Youmustn’ttakethosebooksoutofthereading-room.Thosebooksmustn’t________outofthereading-room.bearrestedwasinvitedbetaken1.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_____allovertheworld.haveproduced B.havebeenproducedC.areproducing D.arebeingproduced考点一：在时态中的应用2.Experimentsofthiskind______inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.haveconducted B.havebeenconductedC.hadconducted D.hadbeenconducted【点拨】1.答案为B。时间状语Inthelastfewyears常与现在完成时连用；films与produce之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。2.