中考英语语法复习课件非谓语动词动名词

1.动名词的定义动名词指的是动词ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词（即非谓语动词）。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰，动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语，但是不能充当状语。2.动名词的构成是由动词末尾加-ing形式构成(doing)否定式：not+v-ing(notdoing)动名词不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，有时态和语态的变化

Readingisanart.

Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.。3.动名词的用法

动名词充当主语

动名词充当宾语

动名词充当表语

动名词充当定语Part01动名词做主语1.动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。Reading

isofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning.Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.Workingintheseconditionsisnotapleasure.It

is

fun

playing

withchildren.2.动名词充当主语的几种类型(1)直接位于句首充当主语Swimming

isoneofmyfavoritesports.Recitingwords

isagoodwaytohelpyouunderstandthecontentofthearticle.Eatingandchattingwithfriends

makeshimfeelveryhappy.翻译：早起是个好习惯

喝多了容易惹麻烦Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Drinkingtoomuchiseasytocausetrouble.(2)用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。(动名词做主语时，多见于某些形容词及名词之后)。①Itisnousedoingsth.做某事是没有用的②

Itisnogooddoingsth.做某事是没有好处的③

It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.

做某事是浪费时间的④

Itisworthdoingsth.

做某事是值得的

Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.

Itisworthhavingatry!(4)用于布告形式的省略结构中。Nosmoking.

(禁止吸烟)

=Nosmokingisallowed(here)

Noparking.(禁止停车)NoFishing(禁止钓鱼)*动名词与动词不定式充当主语的比较(1).动词不定式和动名词都可以充当主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。

Itisnouse/good/awasteoftimetalkingaboutthat.*Itisnouse/good/awasteoftimetotalkaboutthat.(2).在“Therebe”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：

Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.

Thereisnopointinreliving(重温,回味)thepast.

Part02动名词做表语1.动名词作表语，对主语说明、解释。Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.Intheantcity,

thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.Whatpleaseshimmostisswimminginthesea.Hisfavouriteexerciseisplayingfootball.2.动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.(Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)

WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.(BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.)Part03动名词做宾语→1.某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式

。(1)常见的此类动词有:advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,delay,practise,resist

抵抗,suggest等(2)短语有：keepon,

putoff,cannothelp,giveup,dependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,feellike,beusedto,getusedto,devote…to…，lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等①

Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.②

Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.③Ifoundwalkingalongtheseashorepleasant.④

Markoftenattemptstoescapebeingfined

wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.3.某些动词接不定式与动名词作宾语的区别(1)remembertodo记住要做某事

Iremembertowritealettertomyparents.

rememberdoing

记得过去做过某事

Iremembermeetinghiminthestreet.(3)stopdoing

停止做某事

Stopsmoking,please.

stoptodo

停下正在做的事去做另外一件事

Let'sstoptohavearest.

(4)meantodo打算做某事

meandoing意味着……Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.(6)regrettodo对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾

regretdoing对已做过的事表示后悔Iregretspendingsomuchmoney.Iregrettotellyouhavefailedthecollegeentranceexam.(7)like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具体行为；

like/love/hate/prefer+doingsth表示抽象、倾向概念

IlikechattingontheInternet.Iliketogotothecinematonight.*如果这些动词前有should/would一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。

Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow．Thelittlechildwouldlovetobetakentothezoo.

4.下面这种结构中也可以用动名词(短语)构成宾语uselessnousenogoodthinkconsiderfindfeellikev-ingit主语++++Ifoundituseless(nouse)arguingaboutitDoyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain.主语5.在下面这类句子中，介词in常可以省略，后接v-ingtrouble/difficultyaproblem/astruggleagoodtime/ahardtime(in)v-ing++have/has+(2)主语+spendtime/money(in)+v-ing(3)主语+bebusy(in/with)+V-ing(4)losenotime(in)+V-ing立即做......preparingfortheexaminationPart04动名词做定语1.动名词充当定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途(1)awalkingstick=

astickforwalking

=astickwhichisusedforwalking(2)(3)areadingroom=

aroomforreading

=aroomwhichisusedforreading(4)awashingmachine

=amachinewhichisusedforwashing=

amachineforwashing

Hecan'twalkwithoutawalking-stick.Sheneedssomesleepingpills.Hecan'tfinishhishomeworkwithoutawritingdesk.Heputallofhissocksinthewashingmachine.2.与现在分词充当定语的区别①动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，②而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。

asleepingchild,asleepingcar前者的achildwhoissleeping,

现在分词sleeping表示被修饰名词child正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“被用来睡觉的车”，即acarwhichisusedforsleeping,

动名词sleeping表示car的用途。3.动名词和不定式作定语的区别动名词作定语通常放在它所修饰的词之前，表示性质或用途，无逻辑上的任何关系。不定式作定语总是放在所修饰词之后，多与所修饰的词有动宾关系或主谓关系。Ihavealotofworktodo.Pleasegotothesleepingcar.4.时态与语态主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehaveingbeendone(1)动名词的一般式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作。①

Theyareallinterestedinclimbingmountains.②Hetookagreatdelightinhelpingothers.③Beingcarelessisnotagoodhabit.④

Thethiefslippedawaywithoutbeingnoticed.

⑤Collectingstampsisinteresting.注意①动名词的一般式和完成式都可表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，有时两者可互换(用一般式往往显得更简洁)。

Iforgot

telling/havingtold

herthenews.②有些不强调动作先后关系或句子本身已表明了先后关系的场合，通常用动名词的一般式。

Imustwriteandthankherforsendingmethecheck(支票).

Hehasworkedhardsinceleavingschool.(2)动名词的完成式若要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式.①Hedidn’tmentionhavingmetme.②Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.③Idon’trememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.④Thankyouforhavingtakensomuchtroubletohelp.⑤HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.(3)动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。①

它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。He

doesn’tlikebeinglaughedatinpublic.

Heobjectedtobeingtreatedasachild.②

它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

Iamverypleasedatyourhavingbeenhonouredwithamedal.

She'sangryaboutnothavingbeeninvited.注意①在表示"需要"的动词need,want,require后接动名词时，习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义（但若用不定式，则用被动式表示被动意义）。Theflowerswantwatering/tobewatered.Theoutsideofthehouseneedspainting/tobepainted.Themachinerequiresrepairing/toberepaired.②在beworth后接动名词时也要用主动式表示被动意义。Thismightbeworththinkingabout.Theclockishardlyworthrepairing.③

beworthy后可以接of+动名词，也可接不定式（若该不定式要表示被动意义，则应用被动形式）。Theadviceisworthyofaccepting.=Theadviceisworthytobeaccepted.*不定式和动名词逻辑主语的区别(1)逻辑主语为动作的发出者不定式的逻辑主语为:for+名词(或代词宾格)+不定式。

Itishappyforfishtoswimfreelyinthewater.*某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有：brave,careful,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,wrong等

Itwascarelessofmetoleavethedooropen.主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√5.非谓语动词在句中所作的成分beinglookedbeingleftbeinginjuredhavinggivenup6.It’sdifficultforaforeignertogetusedto

(eat)withchopsticks.7.Marytried

(explain),buttheteacherrefused

(listen).8.Thismethodisnotperfectandrequires

(improve).9.Iremember

(water)theflowersyesterday.10.Wedon’twant

(risk)

(get)intherain.toexplaineatingtolistentobeimproved/improvingwateringtoriskgettingⅡ.选出正确选项()1.Icannotunderstand_____suchawell-paidjob.A.himtogiveup B.himtohavegivenupC.hisgivingup D.hisbeinggivenup()2.Jane’ssummervacationinEnglandledto_____anEnglishman.A.hermarry B.hertomarry C.herbeingmarried D.hermarrying()

3.----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh,Iforgot_____.