必修一Unit4Earthquakes词汇复习

常考单词burst;ruin;injure;bury;judge冷点词汇常考短语atanend(三年2考);anumberof(三年3考)；shock;rescue;trap;congratulation;常考句式leavesb./sth.＋宾补；部分否定(三年1考)(一)基础单词(根据提示写单词)1．FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,I

(破坏)eachofmytoys.(2012·新课标全国卷短文改错)2．Theywere

(震惊)bythenewsthattenpeoplewerekilledintheaccident.3．Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwanderedintothediningroomwhereyouwere

(埋头于)underpilesoflawbooks.destroyedshockedburied4．Inmy

(判断),itisawisechoice.5．PerhapsIhavenot

(表达)myselfverywell.6．Thetownspeopleneverforgotthe

(营救)andcametohelptheirmostfamousneighbor.(2012·辽宁阅读A)7．Hisbadhabit

hischanceofhavingabrightfuture.8．MyEnglishteacher'shumorwassuchastomakeeverystudent

intolaughter.judgmentruinedexpressedrescueburst(二)重点单词Ⅰ.根据提示写出下列单词的适当形式9．

vt.损害；伤害→

n．损害；伤害→

adj.受伤的10．

n．电；电流；电学→

adj.用电的；带电的→

adj.与电有关的；电学的11．

vt.使惊吓；吓唬→

adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→

adj.令人恐惧的12．

n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→___________vt.祝贺injureinjuryinjuredelectricityfrightenelectricelectricalfrightenedfrighteningcongratulationcongratulateⅡ.语境填词13．Inthecrash,hewasseriously

.Hesufferedsevere

totheheadandarms.(injure)14．Onseeingthe

scene,thelittlegirlwasso

thatsheburstoutcrying.(frighten)15．Theheadmasterwrotealetterto

heronhergoodperformanceandtheexciting______________encouragedhergreatly.(congratulate)injuredinjuriesfrighteningfrightenedcongratulatecongratulations(三)帮你记单词——“惊、恐”害怕常用词惊：

v.惊奇；惊叹；震惊；

vt.使惊讶；

vt.使震惊；

vt.使惊奇；使诧异恐：

vt.使惊恐；吓唬；

adj.&v.惶恐；

v.恐吓；

vt.使人感到恐怖；

n.害怕；恐惧；担忧amazeastonishshocksurprisefrightenpanicscareterrifyfear(一)写出下列短语的汉语意思1．thinklittleof

__________________________________2．atanend ___________ 3．inruins ___________________4．digout ___________5．a(great)numberof _____________6．expressone'sthanksto _______________7．beproudof _____________8．putup _____满不在乎；轻视；认为……没有价值结束；终结严重受损；破败不堪掘出；发现许多；大量的向……表达谢意以……为骄傲搭起(二)选用以上短语填空(其中有两项是多余的)1．Myholidayis

andImustgobacktoworktomorrow.2．Manybuildingsinthatcountrywere

becauseoftherecentearthquake.3．Asthefarmerploughedthefield,he

apotofjewelry.4．

newfactorieshavebeensetupinmyhometown.5．Thenewbucket

very

itself.(2012·重庆阅读A)6．Afteraday'swalk,they

atenttohavearest.atanendinruinsdugoutAgreatnumberofwasproudofputup1.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.[仿写]正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。Justasanoldsayinggoes:

.itisnevertoolatetolearn2．Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.[仿写]这种行为让我们处于沉思之中。Suchbehavior

.3．Allhopewasnotlost.[仿写]喜欢体育运动的人并不都喜欢参加体育运动。①

whoenjoysportingevents

participateinthem.②

whoenjoysportingeventsliketoparticipateinthem.leftuslostinthoughtAlldon'tliketoNotall[教材原句]

Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。(2)aburstof一阵……

Seeingtheirdaughteranddogcomingback,theparentsburstintotearsofrelief.(2012·陕西完形)看到他们的女儿和小狗安全回来，孩子的父母流下了激动的泪水，他们如释重负。Suddenlythedooropenedandagroupofchildrenburstin.门突然打开，闯进了一群孩子。

轻巧识记[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]根据英汉提示完成小片段①随着一阵笑声，王熙凤一阵风似地走进了房间。她的一席谄媚的话说得贾母乐不可支。With

laughter,WangXifeng

theroom,whoseflattering(谄媚的)wordsmadeMrs.Jia

.aburstofburstwithjoyburstintoⅡ.[能力题]一句多译②听到那个不幸的消息，她放声痛哭。②－1

(burstout)②－2

(burstinto)Sheburstoutcryingatthesadnews.Sheburstintotearsonhearingthesadnews.By2000,Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.(2012·山东阅读A)到2000年瑙鲁的财政几乎瘫痪。(1)lie/beinruins

成为废墟come/go/falltoruin毁灭；荒废；崩溃bring...toruin使……毁灭；使……没落；

使……破产(2)ruinoneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruinone'spleasure/fame

毁坏某人的乐趣/声誉(3)once­ruined曾经是废墟的[教材原句]

Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。Heisnowbroughttoruin,buthesawbetterdays.他现在破产了，但是他以前风光过。

[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]完成句子①这所房子因为好几年没有住人而荒废了。Thehousewasemptyforseveralyearsand_____________

.②醉驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名路人死亡。Drunkdrivingnotonly

butalsokilledseveralpassers­by.went/came/felltoruinruinedhimselfⅡ.[能力题]高考作文高级表达③曾为废墟的地方现在已经变成了一个美丽的充满生机的学校，这真让人感到惊讶。(2011·福建书面表达)

thatthe

hasnowbeen

abeautifulschool,

.turnedintoonce­ruinedplacefulloflifeItisreallyamazing[教材原句]

Two­thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.他们中有2/3的人在地震中伤亡。(1)injuredadj.

受伤的theinjured伤员(2)injuryn.伤；伤口；伤害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.伤害某人Theyoungwomanenteredthepoolwhereaninjureddolphin(海豚)wasswimming.(2011·湖北完形)那位年轻妇女进入那个水池，一头受伤的海豚正在水池里游动。[个性比较]

injure,wound,hurt,harminjurewoundhurtharm多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语doharmto“对……有害”轻巧识记[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]选词填空：wound,injure,hurt①他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次车祸，幸运的是他身体没有受伤，但在一定程度上心灵受了创伤。Heretiredfromthearmybecauseofbeing

inafight.Soonafter,hemetwithanaccident,wherehewasnot

luckilybutwas

tosomedegree.woundedinjuredhurtⅡ.[能力题]根据英汉提示完成小片段②这次爆炸不仅给很多当地人造成了伤害，还给环境造成了很大损害。伤者被迅速送往医院，幸运的是，他们很快康复了。Theexplosionnotonly

manyofthelocalpeoplebutalso

theenvironment.

rushedtohospitalandluckily,theyallrecoveredsoon.didaninjurytodidharmtoTheinjuredwere[教材原句]

Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。Thewhitepencil'swordsburiedhiminthoughts.(2012·北京书面表达)白色铅笔的话让他陷入沉思中。Thedocumentwasdiscoveredburiedintheuniversityarchives(档案).(2012·湖北阅读C改编)这个文件被发现藏在大学的档案中。[联想发散]表示“专注于某事”的动词短语还有以下几个：beabsorbed

,bedevoted

,belost

,focus

,concentrate

等。intoinonon[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]完成句子①由于他埋头于书本，所以不知道外面下雨了。Becausehe

hisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.buriedhimselfin(wasburiedin)Ⅱ.[能力题]句式升级②_____________________________________________

(使用现在分词作状语改写练习①)③____________________________________________

(使用过去分词作状语改写练习①)Buryinghimselfinhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.Buriedinhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.[教材原句]

Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的演讲。Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”theotherpersonincorrectly.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)如果我们根据自己的文化习惯做出判断，我们有可能犯错误，不能正确弄清楚对方的意思。judge...from/by...

从……来判断asfarasIcanjudge据我判断；我认为judgingby/from从……上看；根据……判断AsfarasIcanjudge,theycanreachthesummitthisafternoon.据我判断，他们今天下午就能抵达顶峰。[关键一点]

judgingfrom/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。Judgingbythismorning'sshowing,theywereright.从今天早晨的成绩来看，他们是正确的。[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]用judge的适当形式及相关短语完成小片段①

whathesaid,hemustbeanhonestman.Onthecontrary,heoftenrobsandsteals,sothe______pointedoutthatweshouldn't

aman

hislooks.Ⅱ.[能力题]高考作文高级表达②我们决不能(bynomeans)通过一次考试来判断我们的进步。(江西卷书面表达)________________________________________________

_____________judgeJudgingfromBynomeanscanwejudgeourimprovementonlybyoneexamination.judgebyAssoonasyouhearit,youknowthemeetingisatanend.(2012·广东阅读A)一听到这句话，你就知道会议要结束了。(1)attheendof

在……尽头/末端(指时间或空间)bytheendof到……时候为止(常与完成时

态连用)intheend最后；终于cometoanend结束put/bringsth.toanend结束……make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；量入为出(2)endup结束；告终endin以……结束Itwasinatree,too,thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend.(天津卷阅读E)也正是在一棵树上我们在森林中的快乐时光走到了尽头。Hisplanendedintotalfailure.他的计划以彻底失败告终。

Atfirstherefusedtoacceptanyresponsibilitybutheendedupapologizing.最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]用所给动词的适当形式填空①We

(learn)about3,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.②Intheendshe

(decide)onbuyingthehat.hadlearneddecidedⅡ.[能力题]高考作文高级表达③正是在19世纪末期最初作为求生手段的射击才赢得了体育运动的地位。(广东卷基础写作)③－1_________________________________________

asameansofsurvival,earnitsstatusasasport.(倒装句)③－2________________________________________

,originatedasameansofsurvival,earneditsstatusasasport.(强调句)Itwasnotuntiltheendof19thcenturythatshootingNotuntiltheendof19thcenturydidshooting,originatedⅢ.[三年高考单选题]④(2010·江西高考)Smelltheflowersbeforeyougotosleep,andyoumayjust________sweetdreams.A．keepupwith

B．putupwithC．endupwith D．catchupwith解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：你在睡觉前闻一闻这些花，即可终得美梦。keepupwith“跟上”；putupwith“忍受”；endupwith“以……告终”；catchupwith“赶上”。故C项符合句意。答案：C[教材原句]

Suchagreatnumberofpeoplediedbecausethequakehappenedwhiletheyweresleeping.那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在人们睡觉的时候。Shereadagoodmanyexcellentbooks,andspokeanexcellentRussian.她读了不少好书，而且会说一口流利的俄国话。

Plentyoffreshaircontributestogoodhealth.充足新鲜的空气有助于健康。

[关键一点]

“largequantitiesof＋可数名词复数/不可数名词”作主语以及“largeamountsof＋不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]用所给动词的适当形式填空①Manyafamouspopstar

(ruin)bydrugs.②Largeamountsofmoney

(spend)onadvertisementseveryyear.③Largequantitiesofwater

(pipe)tothedryareasincelastyear.hasbeenruinedhavebeenpipedarespentⅡ.[能力题]英译汉④Althoughour“act”wouldlastonlyforashorttime,wecouldseequiteanumberofinterestingthings.(2012·新课标全国卷阅读C)_____________________________________________________________________尽管我们的“表演”仅仅持续很短的时间，但是我们能够看到很多有趣的事情。Ⅲ.[三年高考单选题]⑤(2010·四川高考)Theschoolwasmovedoutofdowntownasthenumberofstudentshadgrowntoo________.A．small

B．fewC．large D．many解析：考查形容词的用法。修饰number的形容词可以是large或small，结合语意“因为学生数量增长过多，所以这所学校迁出了市区”可知答案为C。答案：C句中的“manychildrenwereleftwithoutparents”是一个被动结构。其主动形式应为leavemanychildrenwithoutparents。leave作使役动词，意为“使……处于某状态”。构成的句式为：Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsproperlyfastened?你把门窗关好了吗？Commonsensetellsyouthatyoutakeanumbrellaoutintoarainstorm,butyouleavetheumbrellahomewhenyouhearaweatherforecastforsunshine.(2010·天津阅读D)常识告诉你下大雨要带雨伞，但是天气晴朗时你就会把伞放在家中。[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]完成句子①他把文件摊开在桌子上。Helefthispapers

.②他离开去了美国，留下了许多工作没有完成。HeleftfortheUnitedStatesand

.③我们匆忙结束了会议，留下了很多问题下次解决。Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblems

.lyingopenonthedeskleftmuchworkunfinishedtobesettlednexttimeⅡ.[能力题]句式升级④

(用被动语态改写练习①)⑤__________________________________________

(用现在分词短语作结果状语改写练习②)HeleftfortheUnitedStates,leavingmuchworkunfinished.Hispaperswereleftlyingopenonthedesk.该句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝notall...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。(1)英语中的all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,complete,completely,always,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。Everyboyisnotinterestedinsports.＝Noteveryboyisinterestedinsports.并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。(2)英语中的no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,nolonger,noway等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。NothinginmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalaceMuseum.我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物院。[层级训练]Ⅰ.[基础题]完成句子①并非所有的学生都去看电影了。①－1

thestudents

gotothemovie.①－2

thestudentswenttothemovie.②所有的学生都没有去看电影。

thestudentswenttothemovie.AlldidnotNotallNoneofⅡ.[能力题]英译汉③Hesaidthatonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliable.(2011·浙江阅读A)________________________________④Iknewthatnothingwouldeverdiscouragehim;hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.(2011·湖南单选)________________________________________________________________他再次说并不是所有的新锁都可靠。我知道没有什么能够阻碍他，他将永远不会放弃成为一名导演的想法。Ⅲ.[三年高考单选题]⑤(2010·江西高考)Swimmingismyfavoritesport.Thereis________likeswimmingasameansofkeepingfit.A．something

B．anythingC．nothing D．everything解析：考查不定代词。根据题干语境可知，此处为否定句式表达最高级意思。故用nothing。Thereisnothinglike...“没有什么更能……了”。答案：C1．shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动

n．休克；打击；震惊beshockedtodosth.

做某事很震惊beshockedat... 对……感到震惊ashockto... 使……吃惊Thebadnewswasabadshocktothewholefamily.这个坏消息使这个家庭非常震惊。2．rescuen.&vt.援救；营救rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来cometosb.'srescue(＝rescuesb.)

援救某人Assoonastheaccidenthappened,therescueteamcametothevictims'rescue,anddidn'tgiveupanyhopeofrescuingthemfromdanger.事故一发生，救援队就去营救受害者，并且不放弃使他们脱离危险的任何希望。3．trapvt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境trapsb.intosth./doingsth.

诱使某人做……betrappedin 困在……中，陷在……中4．congratulationn．祝贺；(复数)贺词offer/sendcongratulationstosb. 向某人祝贺incongratulationof 为祝贺……congratulationstosb.onsth. 祝贺某人某事1．(2013·厦门高三质检)Becauseofthecurrentcrisis,hiscompanyhadtotakeontheheavyfinancial________.A．burden

B．loadC．burst D．weight解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于当前的经济危机，他的公司不得不承受沉重的财政负担。burden“重担；负担”；load“负载量；负荷”；burst“爆炸；爆发”；weight“重量”。答案：A2．(2013·杭州十四中模拟)Inacaraccident,hewas________seriouslywhilehisfatherwaskilled.A．hurt B．injuredC．wounded D．harmed解析：考查动词词义。句意：在一次车祸中，他严重受伤，而他的父亲则去世了。此处指意外事故造成的伤害，B项最佳。答案：B3．(2013·合肥高三质检)—Mary'salways________inreadingandstudying.—Nowondershealwaysgotthefirstplaceinanyexamination.A．buried B．scheduledC．burst D．shocked解析：考查动词词义。句意：“玛丽整天埋头于学习和读书中。”“难怪她每次考试都得第一名。”beburiedin“埋头于；专心于”。答案：A4．(2013·阜阳高三质检)________whathehassaid,heisprobablyinneedofhelpnow.A．Generallyspeaking B．TotellyouthetruthC．Judgingfrom D．Tobehonest解析：考查短语意义。句意：由他所说的话判断，他现在可能需要帮助。generallyspeaking“一般说来”；totellyouthetruth“说实话”；judgingfrom“由……判断”；tobehonest“老实说”。答案：C5．(2013·杭州高三质检)Itisreportedthat________ofthisweekthepricewillhaverisenbyabout10%.A．bytheend B．attheendC．intheend D．atanend解析：考查短语的用法。bytheendof＋将来时间时，谓语动词用将来完成时。答案：A6．(2013·南阳高三质检)Withthehelpofthenewteacher,________numberofthestudentsinmyclasswhohavemade________greatprogressinEnglishuptonowisfarlarger.A．the;the B．a;aC．the;/ D．a;/解析：考查冠词。句意：在新的英语老师的帮助下，我们班中在英语方面取得进步的学生数量相当大。thenumberof“……的数量”；makegreatprogressin“在……取得进步”。答案：C7．(2013·海口高三质检)Itseems________thecompanyDubaiWorldisunlikelytosurviveinthisseriousfinancialcrisis.A．onlyif B．becauseofC．asif D．forthat解析：考查名词性从句。句意：看起来好像迪拜世界集团不太可能在这个严重的经济危机中生存下来。seemasif＋从句“看起来好像……”。答案：C8．(2013·潍坊高三质检)—Theexamwaseasy,wasn'tit?—Yes,butIdon'tthink________couldpassit.A．somebody B．anybodyC．nobody D．everybody解析：everybody同表否定意义的词连用时，表达的是部分否定的意义。下句句意“考试是容易。但是我想并非每个人都能通过”。答案：D9．(2013·宝鸡高三质检)Nowadays,insomefarawayareaspovertywillprobably________achild'shope.A．damage B．hurtC．injure D．ruin解析：考查动词词义。句意：现在在一些偏远地区，贫穷将可能毁坏孩子的希望。damage“遭受破坏”；hurt“伤害”；injure指意外事故造成的伤害；ruin“破坏；毁灭”。答案：D10．—Whydoyoulooksoworried?—Mycomputerbrokedownlastweekandmyessayhasbeenleft________since.A．finished B．preparedC．done D．unfinished解析：考查leave的用法及动词词义辨析。句式结构：leave＋宾语＋宾补。由上文中“看起来很着急”可知，论文应该还未完成，故选D项。答案：DⅠ.根据提示翻译句子1．一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃(shake)起来。_________________________________2．水管爆裂(burst)，电力中断(cutoff)。_____________________________________________3．世界似乎(Itseemedthat...)到了末日(beatanend)。___________________________________Onenight,everythingbegantoshake.Thepipeswereburstandtheelectricitywerecutoff.Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.4．有些人受伤(injure)，有些人埋在(bury)废墟下，还有些人失踪。________________________________________________