福建师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解合集

目录2010年福建师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年福建师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2010年福建师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解I.Vocabularyandgrammar(30points,1.5pointsforeach)MultiplechoiceDirections:BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Markyouranswersonyouranswersheet.1．Mr.Smithwill_____resigninviewofthecompletefailureoftheresearchproject.A.doubtfullyB.adequatelyC.presumablyD.reasonably【答案】C【解析】句意：鉴于史密斯先生这次在研究项目上彻底的失败，他很有可能要辞职。presumably很可能，大概。doubtfully怀疑地，含糊地。adequately足够地。reasonably合理地，有理性地。因此，本题的正确答案为C。2．Sheissosophisticatedthatsheremainsconfidentand_____untroubledbyourpresentproblems.A.indefinitelyB.infinitelyC.optimisticallyD.pessimistically

【答案】C【解析】句意：她非常的老练，遇到我们现在遭遇的问题她依旧自信，乐观，不受干扰。optimistically乐观地。乐观地，与confident属于同一个语义场。indefinitely无期限地。infinitely极其，非常。pessimistically悲观地。因此，本题的正确答案为C。3．TheChineseRedCrossis_____theInternationalRedCross.A.blendedwithB.affiliatedwithC.adjacenttoD.pertinentto【答案】B【解析】句意：中国红十字会隶属于国际红十字会。beaffiliatedwith隶属于。beblendedwith与……混合在一起。beadjacentto与……毗邻。bepertinentto与……相干。因此，本题的正确答案为B。4．Theauthoritieswill_____yourlicenseifyougetcaughtdrunkdriving.A.revokeB.restoreC.authorizeD.withdraw【答案】A【解析】句意：如果你酒驾被抓，当局会撤销你的驾驶证。revoke取消，撤销，废除（许可，法律、协议等）。restore恢复，复位。authorize批准，许可。withdraw撤离。因此，本题的正确答案为A。

5．Oftensuchargumentshavetheeffectof_____ratherthanclarifyingtheissuesinvolved.A.compromisingB.obscuringC.tacklingD.prejudicing【答案】B【解析】句意：通常这样的争论只会让问题模糊化，而不是解释清楚牵涉的问题。obscure作动词，意为“使模糊，使隐晦”。compromise妥协，和解。tackle解决问题。prejudice作动词，意为“使怀有偏见”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。6．Morethan85percentofthepopulationinthatcountryspeaksFrenchasamothertongueand_____totheRomanCatholicfaith.A.ascribesB.subscribesC.adheresD.caters【答案】B【解析】句意：那个国家85%以上的人把法语当成母语并且坚持罗马天主教的信仰。adhereto固守，坚持，固执（于……），粘附，附着，追随，支持。ascribeto归咎于，归因于，把……归属于。subscribeto捐助，订购（书籍等）。caterto对……提供所需的东西，迎合，供应伙食。因此，本题的正确选项为B。7．SomeAmericancollegesarestate-supported,othersareprivately_____,andstillothersaresupportedbyreligiousorganizations.

A.enlightenedB.attributedC.authorizedD.endowed【答案】D【解析】句意：在美国，一些大学是国立的，一些大学时私人捐赠建立的，还有一些是宗教组织建立的。有题意可知，本题要选出同support同义的词。endow（向学校等机构）捐钱，资助。enlighten启发，启蒙。attribute把……归因于。authorize批准，授权。因此，本题的正确答案为D。8．Whenpeopleareaskedwhatkindofhousingtheyneedorwant,thequestion_____avarietyofanswers.A.defiesB.magnifiesC.mediatesD.evokes【答案】D【解析】句意：当人们被问起他们需要什么样的房子，这个问题引起了多种答案。evoke引起，唤起。defy违抗，反抗。magnify放大，增强。mediate调停，调解促成（协议）。因此，本题的正确答案为D。9．Afellingofsadness_____theatmosphereaftertheyheardthenewsoftheaircrash.A.scatteredB.permeated

C.shatteredD.overflowed【答案】B【解析】句意：人们听到这场空难的消息后，悲伤的情绪在空气中弥漫开来。permeate（气体、液体）弥漫，（情绪）扩散，感染。scatter撒，散播。shatter使破碎，使破裂。overflow漫出，溢出。因此，本题的正确答案为B。10．Theladyinthisstrangetaleveryobviouslysuffersfrommentalillness.Herplotagainstacompletelyinnocentolemanisasignof_____.A.impulseB.insanityC.inspirationD.disposition【答案】B【解析】句意：很明显，这篇奇异故事中的女士有精神病，她对一位完全无辜的老人设置阴谋就体现了她的精神失常。insanity精神失常。impulse冲动，心血来潮。inspiration灵感。disposition性格，性情。因此，本题的正确答案为B。11．We’llbeverycarefulandkeepwhatyou’vetoldusstrictly_____.A.rigorousB.confidentialC.incredibleD.mysterious

【答案】B【解析】句意：我们会非常小心，严格保密你告诉我们的话。confidential保密的，机密的。rigorous细致的，谨慎的。incredible难以置信的，mysterious神秘的。confidential保密的，最符合语境。因此，本题的正确答案为B。12．Herman’ssuccessisduetohishardworkandhisabilityto_____planswhichwillgetworkdoneefficiently.A.fulfillB.elevateC.formulateD.paralyze【答案】C【解析】句意：赫尔曼的成功要归功于他的勤奋和制定高效工作计划的能力。formulate制定，规划，构想。fulfill完成。elevate举起，抬高，提拔。paralyze使麻痹。因此，本题的正确答案为C。13．Peterwas_____ofspeedingwhenhesawthepatrolmen.A.ontheedgeofB.onthewayofC.onthefringeofD.onthevergeof【答案】D【解析】句意：彼得在看到巡警的时候几乎超速了。onthevergeof几乎，差不多。ontheedgeof与onthefringeof同义，意为“在……边缘”。onthewayof在……的路上，关于……的方法。因此，本题的正确答案

为D。14．Itisusuallyagreedthateconomiccontrolscan_____inflationbypreventingovertwageandpriceandpriceincreasesfromtakingplace.A.suppressB.impressC.compressD.depress【答案】A【解析】句意：多数人同意经济控制能够通过阻止公开的工资和价格增长来抑制通货膨胀。suppress抑制，压制。impress给……留下印象。compress压缩。depress使抑郁，降低（价格）。因此，本题的正确答案为A。15．_____,amanwhoexpresseshimselfefficientlyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.A.OtherthingsbeingequalB.WereotherthingsequalC.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthinstobeequal【答案】A【解析】句意：在其它条件相同的情况下，一个能有效地表达自己的人比一个语言表达能力差的人更容易获得成功。本题考查独立主格结构，A项为“otherthingsareequal”的独立主格形式，being为非谓语。B项为虚拟语气句，原型是“ifotherthingswereequal”，既然从句为虚拟语气句，相应的主句也应该为虚拟语气句，明显与事实不符。C项为目的状语从句，与原句逻辑不通。D项时态不对，不需要用将来时。因此，本题的

正确答案为A。16．Mostdoctorsrecognizethatmedicineis_____.A.anartasmuchitisascienceB.asmuchanartasitisascienceC.asanartasmuchitisascienceD.muchanartasitisascience【答案】B【解析】句意：大多数医生都承认医学既是一门科学，也是一门艺术。本题考查asmuchas的用法。asmuchas意为“既……又……”时，用法有两种，第一是asmuchas作为一个整体，第二种是asmuch+A+as+B，如It’sasmuchyourresponsibilityasmine.翻译为“这既是你的责任，也是我的责任”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。17．_____thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.A.SocleveraretheconstructionrobotsB.SocleverconstructionrobotsareC.SuchconstructionrobotsarecleverD.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare【答案】A【解析】句意：建筑机器人是如此的聪明，它们的建设最终可能减少90个百分点的地盘需要的劳动量。so/such结构放在句首的时候要构成部分倒装。clever是形容词所以要用so。socleveraretheconstructionrobot=theconstructionrobotsaresoclever。因此，本题的正确答案为A。18．Oncetheyhadfame,fortune,securefutures;_____isutterpoverty

A.nowthatallisleftB.nowallthatisleftC.nowallwhichisleftD.nowallwhatisleft【答案】B【解析】句意：他们曾经有名望、有财富和有无虑的未来，而现在剩下的只是彻底的贫穷。all是个代词,后跟定语从句，并且只能用关系代词that引导，what不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句。因此，本题的正确答案为B。19．Theyearsofpractice,ofdevelopingmyspecialtechnique,arejustaboutto_____.A.turnupB.figuredoutC.payoffD.clearaway【答案】C【解析】句意：多年的培养技能的练习终于快要得到回报了。payoff得到回报。turnup露面，被发现。figureout计算，弄明白。clearaway清除，收拾。因此，本题的正确答案为C。20．Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost_____areasinChineselife.A.sophisticatedB.competitive

C.contagiousD.superficial【答案】B【解析】句意：因为在中国优秀大学的学历是通向一份好工作的途径，因此，教育是中国人生活中竞争最激烈的领域之一。competitive竞争的。sophisticated见多识广的，精密的。contagious接触传染的。superficial表面的，肤浅的。因此，本题的正确答案为B。II.Readingcomprehension(40points)Section1Multiplechoice(20points,2pointsforeach)Directions:Inthissectiontherearereadingpassagesfollowedbymultiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyouranswersheet.PassageAPersistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.Herehereportsonhisfindings.Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperience

difficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviorinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwo-yearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphases

ofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshort-termeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviorofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness-issurelyaworthwhileobjective.1．ArecentsurveyfoundthatinBritishsecondaryschools_____.A.therewasmorebullyingthanhadpreviouslybeenthecaseB.therewaslessbullyingthaninprimaryschoolsC.casesofpersistentbullyingwereverycommonD.indirectformsofbullyingwereparticularlydifficulttodealwith2．Childrenwhoarebullied_____.A.aretwiceaslikelytocommitsuicideastheaveragepersonB.finditmoredifficulttorelatetoadults

C.arelesslikelytobeviolentinlaterlifeD.mayhavedifficultyformingrelationshipsinlaterlife3．Thewriterthinksthatthedeclaration“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”_____.A.isnolongertrueinmanyschoolsB.wasnotinfactmadebymanyschoolsC.reflectedtheschool’slackofconcernD.reflectedalackofknowledgeandresources4．WhatwerethefindingsofresearchcarriedoutinNorway?A.Bullyingdeclinedby50%afterananti-bullyingcampaign.B.Twenty-oneschoolsreducedbullyingasaresultofananti-bullyingcampaign.C.Twoyearsistheoptimumlengthforananti-bullyingcampaign.D.BullyingisalessseriousprobleminNorwaythanintheUK.5．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Bullying:whatparentscandoB.Bullying:arethemediatoblameC.Bullying:thelinkwithacademicfailureD.Bullying:fromcrisismanagementtoprevention【答案与解析】1．B文章第1段提到“Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools”，第1

段提到英国小学生中长期霸凌的概率是1/10，而英国中学生中长期霸凌的概率为1/25，由此可知，英国中学中的霸凌现象比小学的少。故选B。2．D文章第2段第3句提到“Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults”，由此可知，受霸凌的学生会在今后的成人生活中遇到人际交往的问题。故选D。3．D文章第4段开头提到学校从不承认校园霸凌到承认的态度转变主要是有两个原因：“Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.”，由此可推测，之前学校不承认校园霸凌的原因是校方缺乏意识和资源，故选D。文章第3段倒数第2句提到题中的说法是不正确的，故排除A、B。C项在文中没有提及。故选D。4．A文章第4段倒数第2句提到“InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwo-yearperiod,bullyingwashalved”，由此可知，在一场反霸凌运动后，霸凌现象减少了一半，故A正确。B项错在学校的数量，学校的数量应为42。C项过度延伸题意，这场运动持续了2年，但作者并没有指出2年是最佳的时长。D项在文中没有提及。故选A。5．D文章从第三段开始讲述阻止校园霸凌现象的方法，由此可见全文大部分内容与抑制校园霸凌的内容有关，因此选择D项。文章并未提到校园霸凌与父母、媒体以及学术的关系，故因此排除A、B、C。故选D。PassageBItisoverfivehundredyearssinceColumbus“discovered”America.Thecelebrationoftheanniversaryhasatleastproducedonebenefit.Ithassoeffectivelyfocusedontheworldwideproblemoftherightsofaboriginalpeoples.DevelopmentsinAmericademonstratetheproblemmoreclearlythananywhereelse.Thiswasawholecontinent,thepopulationofwhichinColumbus’sdaymayhavenumberedasmanyas100million.TodayonlyafractionoftheseIndianpeoplessurvive,andanytrulyIndianculturecanonlybefoundisolatedinsmallpockets.WhywastheIndianculturelessablethan

otherstoresisttheEuropeanpressure?AnyprocesseselsewhereresemblingtheoneinAmericahaveonlytakenplaceinmoremarginalareasoftheworld.Suchprocessesarecomplex,andthisisnottheplaceforamoredetailedanalysis.Whatisclear,however,isthatatcertaintimesandincertainplacesweareconfrontedbyadifferentforcefrominfectiousdiseasesandmortalityorthehaphazardoutcomeofwarsandrapacity,andthatisthesystemic“ethniccleansing”oftheaboriginalpopulation—betterknownasgenocide.Thereisamosturgentneedtodefinetherightsofaboriginalpeoplesandtorespectthoserightsinamannerwhichmakesitpossibletoliveinpeaceandmutualunderstanding.Tosucceedinthis,weneedpeoplelikeTurn.ForthisCommitteeitwasahappycoincidencethatitwaspreciselyintheyearofColumbusthatsheemergedassuchastrongcandidateforthisPrize.Tumchosetodedicateherselftopoliticalandsocialworkforherpeople.Shetellsusinherautobiographywhatadifficultchoiceitwasnottohaveafamily.Shewasengaged,shetellsus,andfeltanobligationtotheancestralprincipleofseekinghappinessnotonlyforoneselfbutforone’sfamily.Athreatofethniccleansingofcourselendsextraweighttosuchanobligation.Butshechoseotherwise.ShebecameanactivememberoftheCUC.ThensheparticipatedinthefoundingoftheorganizationcalledtheRevolutionaryChristians.“Weunderstood‘revolutionary’intherealmeaningoftheword:‘transformation’.IfIhadchosenthearmedstruggle,Iwouldbeinthemountainsnow.”Owingtoherpoliticalactivity,shehashadtospendtwelveyearsinexileinMexico.InherbookAStrategyforPeace,theSwedish-AmericanmoralphilosopherSisselaBokdescribeswhatshecallsthe“pathologyofpartisanship”,orthebrutalizingeffectoftheuseofviolence.Whoevercommitsactsofviolencewilllosehishumanity.Thus,violencebreedsviolenceandhatebreedshate.ShequotestheEnglishpoetStephenSpender,whoexperiencedthisprocessinhimselfwhenhetookpartintheSpanishCivilWar.“ItwascleartomethatunlessIcaredabouteverymurderedchildimpartially,Ididnotcareaboutchildrenbeingmurderedatall.”Buthowcanonebreakoutoftheviciouscircleofthepathologyofpartisanship?Itiseasyenoughtokeepoutandcallfornon-violenceoranendtohatredwhenoneisnotoneselfconfrontedwiththeblindviolenceoftheotherside.Norisitindeedour

responsibilitytojudgeortocondemninsuchcases.Whatwecando,however,istopointtotheshiningindividualexamplesofpeoplewhomanagetopreservetheirhumanityinbrutalandviolentsurroundings,ofpersonswhoforthatveryreasoncompelourspecialrespectandadmiration.Suchpeoplegiveusahopethattherearewaysoutoftheviciouscircle.Tum’sautobiographyisanextraordinaryhumandocument.Itdescribescrueltyinsoberandmatter-of-factterms.Itsdrivingforceismoralindignation.Insomeconnections,shealsomentionsherhatredofthoseresponsiblefortheviolenceandrepression.Butatthesametime,theaccountreflectsadisarminghumanity.Almostgaily,shenotesfunnylittleconcretedetailsinanotherwiseruthlessexistence;withlove,shedescribesIndiancustoms.IknownobetterexampleofherdisarmingattitudethanherdescriptionhereinOslolastyearofhermeetingwithColonelRoderigues:“Wegreetedeachotherandexchangedafewwords.ThemanwhokilledmymothercongratulatedmeonmynominationfortheNobelPeacePrizeandcalleditanationalhonour.Irealizedthenthatatbottomweareallhumanbeings.Itwaslikemeetingadistantacquaintance.IhadafeelingofcalmasIspoketohim.”Itisstupidtomeettheworldwithtoomuchtrust,butevenmorestupidtomeetitwithtoolittle.ThegoalofTum’swork,asshehassaidonmanyoccasions;isreconciliationandpeace.Sheknows,betterthanmost,thatthefoundationsforfuturereconciliationarelaidinthemannerinwhichoneconductsone’sstruggle.Eveninthemostbrutalsituations,onemustretainone’sfaiththatthereisaminimumofhumanfeelingsinallofus.Tumpreservedthatfaith.ItiswiththedeepestrespectandinadmirationofhereffortsthattheNorwegianNobelCommitteetodayawardshertheNobelPeacePrize.6．ThepassageindicatesthatthemajorreasonforthedeclineoftheIndiacultureis_____.A.itsisolationfromotherculturesB.theinfluenceofinfectiousdiseasesC.theresultofavariceandcupidity

D.thegenocideoftheIndianpeople7．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.TumhasneverhatedColonelRoderigues.B.Wehavenotwellprotectedtherightsofaboriginalpeoples.C.Tumwasengagedbutdidnotgetmarried.D.StephenSpenderunderstoodthebrutalizingeffectofwar.8．Theauthorthinksthatonewaytobreakoutoftheviciouscircleofthepathologyofpartisanshipisto______.A.endhatredwhenoneisnotthevictimofviolenceB.condemnblindinstancesofviolenceorbrutalityC.preserveone’shumanityeveninbrutalsituationsD.meettheworldwithasmuchtrustaspossible9．TumisanadvocateofallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.humanrightsB.armedstruggleC.non-violenceD.reconciliation10．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatTumwouldviewhumanityasallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.havingahatredofonlythosewhoareresponsibleforviolenceB.havingadisarmingattitudetowardsthoseresponsibleforrepression

C.havingthebeliefthatatbottomeveryoneofusisahumanbeingD.havingthefaiththatpeacefulstrugglewillleadtoreconciliation【答案与解析】6．D文章第一段倒数第4句提到“Whatisclear,however,isthat…betterknownasgenocide.”由此可知，印第安文化消失的主要原因是印第安种族的灭绝，故D表述正确。A、B、C都是印第安种族灭绝的原因，不具有概括性。故选D。7．A文章第4段提到“IknownobetterexampleofherdisarmingattitudethanherdescriptionhereinOslolastyearofhermeetingwithColonelRoderigues”从关键词“disarmingattitude”可知，Tum对ColonelRoderigues消除了敌意，由此推测Tum曾经恨过ColonelRoderigues，因此A错误，故选A。8．C文章第3段倒数第2句提到“Whatwecando,however,istopointtotheshiningindividualexamplesofpeoplewhomanagetopreservetheirhumanityinbrutalandviolentsurroundings”，由此可知，要想打破偏见病理的循环，我们要在残忍的环境里依旧保持人道主义之心。故选C。9．B文章第4段中间提到“theaccountreflectsadisarminghumanity”，文章还多处提到Tum“disarmingattitude”说明Tum排斥武力，暴力，主张和平。因此B项不属于Tum的观点，故选B。10．A文章倒数第2段提到Tum曾对那些发动暴力有怨恨，但紧接着作者提到Tum的态度是消除敌意，因此B表述正确，A错误。C、D项在最后一段均有体现。故选A。Section2Answeringquestion(20points,4pointsforeach)Direction:ReadthefollowingpassageandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.Useonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswersheet.Questions1-3

Anunexplainedandunprecedentedriseincarbondioxideintheatmospheretwoyearsrunninghasraisedfearsthattheworldmaybeonthebrinkofrunawayglobalwarming.Scientistsarebaffledwhythequantityofthemaingreenhousegashasleaptinatwo-yearperiodandareconcernedthattheEarth’snaturalsystemsarenolongerabletoabsorbasmuchasinthepast.Thefindingswillbediscussedtomorrowbythegovernment’schiefscientist,Dr.DavidKing,attheannualGreenpeacelecture.MeasurementsofCO2havebeencontinuousfor50yearsatMaunaLoaObservatory.12.000ftupamountaininHawaii,regardedasfarenoughawayfromanycarbondioxidesourcetobeareliablemeasuringpoint.InrecentdecadesCO2increasedonaverageby1.5partspermillion(ppm)ayearbecauseoftheamountofoil,coalandgasburnt,buthasnowjumpedtomorethan2ppmin2002and2003.AboveorbelowaveragerisesinCO2levelsintheatmospherehavebeenexplainedinthepastbynaturalevents.WhenthePacificwarmsupduringEINino,theamountofcarbondioxiderisesdramaticallyaswarmoceansemitCO2ratherthanabsorbit.ButscientistsarePuzzledbecauseoverthepasttwoyears,whentheincreaseshavebeen2.08ppmand2.5ppmrespectively,therehasbeennoEINino.CharlesKeeling,themanwhobegantheobservationsin1958,isnow74andstillworkinginthefield.Hesaidyesterday:“Theriseintheannualratetoabovetwopartspermillionfortwoconsecutiveyearsisarealphenomenon.Itispossiblethatthisismerelyareflectionofnaturaleventslikepreviouspeaksintherate,butitisalsopossiblethatitisthebeginningofanaturalprocessunprecedentedintherecord.”Analystsstressthatitistooearlytodrawanylong-termconclusions.ButthefearisthatthegreaterthannormalrisesinCO2emissionsmeanthatinsteadofdecadestobringglobalwarmingundercontrolwemayhaveonlyafewyears.Atworst,thefigurescouldbethefirstsignofthebreakdownintheEarth’sNATURALSYSTEMFORABSORBINGTHEGAS.Thatwouldheraldtheso-called“runawaygreenhouseeffect,”wheretheplanet’ssoaringtemperaturebecomesimpossibletocontain.OneofthepredictionsmadebyclimatescientistsintheintergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeisthatastheEarthwarms,theabsorptionofcarbondioxidebyvegetation-knownas“carbonsink”—isreduced.Dr.Keelingsaid

sincetherewasnosignofadramaticincreaseintheamountoffossilfuelsbeingburntin2002and2003,therise“couldbeaweakeningoftheEarth’scarbonsinks,associatedwiththeworldwarming,aspartofaclimatechangefeedbackmechanism.Itisacauseforconcern.”TomBurke,visitingprofessoratImperialCollegeLondon,andaformerspecialadvisertotheformerToryenvironmentminister,warned:“We’rewatchingtheclockandtheclockisbeginningtotickfaster,likeitseemstobeforeabombgoesoff.”PeterCox,headoftheCarbonCycleGroupattheMetOffice’sHadleyCentreforClimateChange,saidtheincreaseincarbondioxidewasnotuniformacrosstheglobe.“Myguessisthattherewereextraforestfiresinthenorthernhemisphere,andparticularlyaveryhotsummerinEurope.”Dr.Coxsaid.“Thisledtoadie-backinvegetationandanincreaseinreleaseofcarbonfromthesoil,ratherthanmoregrowingplantstakingcarbonoutoftheatmosphere,whichisusuallythecaseinsummer.”Scientistshavedubbedthetwo-yearCO2risetheMaunaLoaanomaly.Dr.CoxsaidoneofitsmostinterestingaspectswasthattheCO2risesdidnottakeplaceinEINinoyears.Previouslytheonlyfiguresthatclimbedhigherthan2ppmwereEINinoyears.Theheatwaveoflastyearwhichclaimedatleast30,000livesacrosstheworldwassooutoftheordinarythatmanyscientistsbelieveitcouldonlyhavebeencausedbyglobalwarming.ButDrCoxisconcernedthattoomuchmightbereadintotwoyears’figures.“5or6yearsonthetrotwouldbeverydifficulttoexplain,”hesaid.Dr.PiersForster,seniorresearchfellowoftheUniversityofReading’sDepartmentofMeteorology,said:“ifthisisaratechange,ofcourseitwillbeverysignificant.Itwillbeofenormousconcern,becauseitwillimplythatallourglobalwarmingpredictionsforthenexthundredyearsorsowillhavetoberedone.”DavidHofmannoftheUSNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationcentre,whichalsostudiesCO2,wasmorecautious.“Idon’tthinkanincreaseof2ppmfortwoyearsinarowishighlysignificant—thereareclimaticperturbationsthatcanmakethisoccur,”hesaid.“Buttheabsenceofaknownclimaticeventdoesmaketheseyearsunusual.BasedonthosetwoyearsaloneIwouldsayitwastoosoontosaythatanewtrendhasbeenestablished,butitwarrantsclosescrutiny.”

1．Whyhasthechangeincarbondioxideintheatmosphereoverthepasttwoyearsraisedfearandconcernamongclimatescientists?2．ExplainbrieflyTomBurke’swarning“We’rewatchingtheclockandtheclockisbeginningtotickfaster,likeitseemstobeforeabombgoesoff.”(para.6)3．WhatarethemajorexplanationsforthechangeinCO2overthepasttwoyears?【答案与解析】1．Becauseinthepast,aboveorbelowaveragerisesinCO2levelsintheatmospherehavebeenexplainedbynaturaleventssuchasEINino.However,thistimewhiletherehasbeennoEINino,theCO2levelshaverisenunprecedentedly.Thusscientistsfearthatthismaybecausedbyglobalwarming.（文章开头就提到科学家担心过去两年二氧化碳含量空前绝后的增高很有可能预示着全球变暖的开端。随后第2、3段又继续解释原因，即往年二氧化碳高于平均水平的增加是因为自然事件，像厄尔尼诺。但过去这两年并没有出现过厄尔尼诺，因此科学家担心原因可能是全球变暖到来了。）2．TomBurke’swarningmeansthatthesituationisbecomingmoreandmorepressing,maybequitesoonwe’llfinallyentertheageofglobalwarming.（定位至文章第6段，TomBurke形象地警示我们时钟走得越来越快了，好像预示着一颗炸弹就要爆炸了。时钟走得越来越快是在暗示我们的处境越来越危急，爆炸的炸弹这里指“全球变暖”，暗示着我们很可能真的要进入全球变暖时代，这样的话人类日后的处境会更加艰难。）3．First,theabsorptionofcarbondioxi