英语人教必修5导学笔记Unit1PeriodThree

PeriodThreeGrammar—ThePastParticiple(1)astheAttributeandPredicative课文原句感知1．Buthebecameinspired(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposed(expose)tocholera.2．Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffected(affect)persondied.3．Hefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpolluted(pollute)bythedirtywaterfromLondon.4．NicolausCopernicuswasfrightened(frighten)andhismindwasconfused(confuse)．5．Heplacedafixed(fix)sunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.一、过去分词作定语1．意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成apollutedriver一条被污染的河流thewateredflowers浇过水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被动fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起的太阳2．位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.＝Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。注意：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别：(1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.讨论过的那个问题很重要。Thehousestandingatthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。(2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(thechangingworld变化着的世界,thechangedworld改变了的世界))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(boilingwater沸腾的水,boiledwater开水))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(developingcountries发展中国家,developedcountries发达国家))二、过去分词作表语1．意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。Shelookeddisappointed.她看上去很失望。Wewereencouragedatthenews.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。2．过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Thebookiswellwritten.这本书写得好。,Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.,这本书是由一位士兵写的。))拓展你知道下列各组词在作定语和表语时的区别吗？exciting/excited，interesting/interested，disappointing/disappointed，encouraging/encouraged，puzzling/puzzled，surprising/surprised，pleasing/pleased，confusing/confused，moving/moved，terrifying/terrifiedeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Thenewsisexciting.这个消息是令人兴奋的。,Herexcitedvoicesuggestedthatshewasexcited.,她激动的声音表明她很兴奋。))Whenheheardthemovingstory，hewasdeeplymoved.当他听到这个感人的故事时，他深受感动。单句语法填空1．Jimhasretired，buthestillremembersthehappytimespent(spend)withhisstudents.(2017·北京)2．...IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermitted(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全国Ⅰ)3．Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution，I’dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2012.(2016·浙江)4．Inartcriticism，youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehidden(hide)withinthework.(2016·江苏)5．Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientorannoyed(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings？(2016·上海)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thisisthestatueofasoldierseated(seat)onahorse.2．WhenIenteredhisroom，hewasburied(bury)inhisbooks.3．Someofthepeopleinvited(invite)tothepartycouldn’te.4．Heistalkingwithamancalled(call)MrWang.5．Hewasdiscouraged(discourage)whenheheardhismother’swords.Ⅱ.完成句子6．据说这是一座由一个年轻工程师设计的桥。Itissaidthatthisisabridgedesignedbyayoungengineer.7．你为什么看起来这么失望？Whyareyoulookingsodisappointed?8．那些受伤的孩子在这个医院里得到了很好的照料。Theinjuredchildrenweretakengoodcareofinthishospital.9．我们到校时，老人正在扫地上的落叶。Whenwegottoschool，theoldmanwassweepingthefallenleavesontheground.10．这个男孩在踢足球时，摔断了左腿。Whiletheboywasplayingfootball，hisleftleggotbroken.Ⅲ.语法填空(2018·宁波余姚中学高二期中)Manyteachersbelievethathandsonexperienceisthe11.best(good)waytolearn.AgroupofstudentsintheUnitedStatesareputtingthatbelieftothetest.They12.successfully(success)designedandbuiltarobotfordiscoveringunexploredmines13.atthebottomofthesea.Studentsmadetherobot14.toanswer(answer)achallengefromtheUSDepartmentofDefense.Thestudentsrecentlytestedtheunderwatervehicle15.called(call)PerseusⅡina95meterlongtankofwaterattheStevensInstituteofTechnology.Therobotcostsabout15,000tobuild.Thestudentsuseavideogamecontroltodirect16.its(it)movementsinthetank.What’smore，devicesknownasJapters17.enable(able)therobottogoup，downandtowarditstargetinthewater.Videocamerasontherobotsendimagesbacktoaputerthrougha13meterlongcable.PerseusⅡ，18.whichthestudentsworkedupto20hoursaweektodesignandbuild，alsohas19.asetoflasers(激光)，usedtomeasurethesizeofanobject.DeLormesupervisedtheprojectfrom20.beginning(begin)toend.Hesaidthespecializedrequirementsofrobotsweredemanding.Ⅰ.阅读理解Twelveyearsago，RachelMillerwaslostwhenitcametohersonJohn.The7yearoldwasseriouslydisabledbecauseofhisautism(自闭症)．Unabletospeak，hewithdrewfrompeopleatschooland，worse，fromhisfamily.InMarch2003，MillerwasintroducedtoJeffHancock，aoneononetherapist(治疗师)forpeoplewithautism.HancockwashiredtobeJohn’spanion.Thetwowouldgopeoplewatchingatthemallontheweekend.Hancockchattedthroughouttheirtrips，eventhoughJohncouldn’ttalkback.TheirrelationshipdevelopedwhenHancockintroducedJohntotheSpecialOlympics.WheneverJohnwasrunningorbeingactive，hewassmiling.WhenJohnturned12，HancockintroducedhimtotrackattheSpecialOlympics.Forthefirstthreeyears，thepairjustobservedthesportbywatchingpracticesandevents.HancockworkeddailywithJohn，showinghimeverything，includingwheretosit，standandwalk，sohewouldunderstandtheflowoftheevents.Eventually，thelessonsclicked，andJohnwasoffdoing50metersprints.ButasJohngotolder，hegotstrongerandfaster.At16，hewasjumpinghurdlesanddoing800meterraces.Millerstartedseeinghersonasaseriousathlete.InMay2014，John’strainingbroughthimtotheSpecialOlympicsStateSummerGamesinOrlando.The18yearoldwaspetinginthe800metersandthe110meterhurdles.Asthe800wassettingup，Millerremembered，shepressedherfaceagainstthefence，anxiouslywaitingforJohntopete.Butassoonastheracestarted，allMillersawwasanathlete，herathlete.“Ijustwantedtoseethebestperformance.Itseemedmuchmoresignificantthanwhetherhewouldeverspeakorrespondtome，”shesaid.Johnendedupwinningthegoldmedalforthe800.SportspletelychangedJohn，andMillersaidthatisbecauseofHancock.“Apersonwithadisabilitycanfeelhopelessandisolated，andIthinkthatcanhappentoparents，too.”语篇解读本文讲述了一个患有自闭症的孩子如何成长为一个合格运动员的故事。1．Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus.A．howRachelMillerfelt12yearsagoB．howseriousJohn’sautismwasC．Johnwasn’tgoodatmunicationD．whenJohnbecameseriouslydisabled答案B解析段落大意题。通读第一段可知，本段主要讲RachelMiller很为儿子忧心，因为他患有自闭症，而且很严重。故选B。2．MillerconsideredJohntobeaseriousathlete.A．in2011 B．in2012C．in2013 D．in2014答案B解析推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“At16，hewasjumpinghurdlesanddoing800meterraces.Millerstartedseeinghersonasaseriousathlete.”可知，在十六岁时，米勒把约翰看作是一个认真的运动员；由第六段可知，2014年时约翰十八岁，由此可推知他十六岁时应是2012年。故选B。3．WhenMillersawJohn’sperformanceinthe800，shefelt.A．curious B．amazedC．delighted D．upset答案C解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段提到“Ijustwantedtoseethebestperformance.Itseemedmuchmoresignificantthanwhetherhewouldeverspeakorrespondtome...”可知，约翰的表现非常好，朱勒当然感到高兴。故选C项。4．Thepassageismainlycarriedout.A．bygivingexamples B．inasadtoneC．inspaceorder D．intimeorder答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章提到的时间Twelveyearsago，InMarch2003，WhenJohnturned12，At16，InMay2014可知，文章是按照时间顺序来讲述的。故选D项。Ⅱ.完形填空(2017·辽宁葫芦岛市一中高二期中)YearsagowhenIvolunteeredatahomelessshelter，Italkedwithaboy，Albert.Hesaidhelikedmy5.“Doyouwanttoseemine？”hesaid，6hisleg.Hewasbarefoot.Hesaidhe’dbeenmeaningtopickupapairbuthadn’tgottenone.Ifelta7feelinginmystomach.AfewdayslaterIwasathomehelpingto8mydaughter.IsmiledwhenI9thesocksoverherfeet.Atthatmoment，Albertflashedinmy10.Atnoon，Iwenttoadepartmentstoreand11ashoppingcartwithsocks—nothing12，justwhitecottonmen’ssocks.Thenextmorning，IdrovetothePalisadesPark，whichisamonovernightdestinationfor13individuals，Igrabbedoneofthe14frommytrunkandwalkedacrossthegrass.Itwasdarkout.Itwasabeautifulfeelingto15beforethesunandmostlivingthings.Iheadedforagroupofthreemen.Twowereasleepandthethirdwasdiggingthroughhisshoppingcart.Itwasloadedwithplasticbottlesandsomeclothes，andafewbooks—most16，everythingheownedinthisworld.AsIwalkedtowardhim，heturnedand17me，perhapsquestioningmyintention.“Ithoughtyoumight18somenewsocks，”Itoldhim，handinghimapair.Helooked19atfirstbuttookthem，smiledandsaid，“Thankyou.”Igavetwomore20forhispartners.I21.After20minutes，Ireturnedforthesecondbag.Anhourlater，I22allthesocks.Mostpeopleweresleeping，andIfeltlikea(n)23SantaClaus.Iknewwhentheywokeuptheywouldfindaverymeaningful24.Thatgavemeanamazingfeeling.语篇解读作者在一次收容所的志愿活动中，听到一个男孩说自己想要双袜子却不可得。后来作者去当地的公园给流浪汉分发袜子，并体会到助人的愉悦。5．A.books B．bagsC．socks D．trousers答案C解析根据下文的“‘Doyouwanttoseemine？’hesaid，hisleg.Hewasbarefoot.”可知，孩子喜欢作者的袜子。故选C。6．A.lifting B．hidingC．folding D．bending答案A解析孩子让我看他的脚，可以推知，此处意为：抬起腿。lift抬起。故选A。7．A.genuine B．strongC．curious D．sinking答案D解析看到孩子光着脚并说一直想要一双袜子，作者的内心是沮丧的。sinking沮丧的。故选D。8．A.feed B．dressC．teach D．fort答案B解析根据下文的“IsmiledwhenIthesocksoverherfeet.”可知，作者在帮女儿穿衣服。dress给……穿衣服。9．A.threw B．touchedC．wrapped D．slid答案D解析当我把袜子穿在女儿脚上时，我想到了那个光脚的男孩。slide(使)滑动，悄声地移动。故选D。10．A.position B．viewC．mind D．room答案C解析我想起了那个男孩。mind心里，脑海。故选C。11．A.filled B．equippedC．decorated D．exchanged答案A解析我去超市买袜子，放满了手推车。fill充满。故选A。12．A.ugly B．cheapC．difficult D．fancy答案D解析根据下文的“justwhitecottonmen’ssocks”可知，我买的袜子只是普通的白色男士棉袜，没有任何华丽的装饰。fancy华丽的。故选D。13．A.wealthy B．homelessC．lazy D．proud答案B解析根据下文的描述可知，我前往一个给无家可归的人们居住的地方。homeless无家可归的。故选B。14．A.parcels B．containersC．bags D．boxes答案C解析根据下文的“After20minutes，Ireturnedforthesecondbag.”可知，此处选C。15．A.getup B．leavebehindC．getback D．turndown答案A解析此处的意思为“起得早的感觉非常好”。getup起床。故选A。16．A.unbelievably B．strangelyC．importantly D．likely答案D解析车里的书和衣服等可能就是这个流浪者在这个世界上所拥有的一切。likely很可能，或许。故选D。17．A.attacked B．watchedC．found D．asked答案B解析当我走到他身边时，他转过来看着我。watch注视。故选B。18．A.choose B．purchaseC．need D．donate答案C解析我想你或许需要一些新袜子。根据上文可知答案。need需要。19．A.confused B．ashamedC．shocked D．happy答案A解析根据常识可知，突然有陌生人提供袜子，他刚开始应该是疑惑的。confused疑惑的。故选A。20．A.socks B．packagesC．dollars D．pairs答案D解析此处应是我又拿出了两双袜子给他的同伴。pair一双。所以选D。21．A.talked B．movedC．played D．held答案B解析根据下文可知，此处指作者离开他们，继续给其他人分发袜子。move移动。22．A.soldout B．putawayC．gaveout D．turnedaway答案C解析我的袜子分发完了。giveout分发。故选C。23．A.real B．honestC．grateful D．reliable答案A解析我感觉自己像一个真正的圣诞老人。real真正的。故选A。24．A.book B．changeC．life D．present答案D解析我知道当他们醒来的时候会发现这份有意义的礼物。present礼物。故选D。Ⅲ.语法填空(2017·安徽师大附中高二月考)Youaretwentyoneyearsoldandliveahappyand25.peaceful(peace)life.Butoneday，yourdoctortellsyouthatyouhaveaseriousdiseaseandwilldiesoon.Whatwouldyoudo？26.Probably(probable)mostofusmightfeelverysadandgiveupourdreamsandhopesforthefuture.Hereis27.whatthegreatscientist，StephenHawking，did.Hawkingwasn’t28.discouraged(discourage)becauseofhisphysicalcondition.Instead，hewentonwithhisstudyoftheuniverse.In2002，Hawking29.wasinvited(invite)toChina.HetoldChinesestudentsabouthistheoriesandthoughts30.onsomeofthegreatestquestions：whatistime，howtheuniversebegan，andwhatareblackholes.Heimpressedtheaudiencewithhishumor,31.confidence(confident)andofcoursehiswisdom.Hawkingbecamefamousintheearly1970s.In1988，hewroteABriefHistoryofTime，in32.whichheexplaineddifficulttheoriesinasimpleway.Thebook33.hasbeenselling(sell)wellsinceitcameout.StephenHawkingisamanwithastrongwillandheisregardedasthe34.greatest(great)mindinphysicssinceAlbertEinstein.Ⅳ.概要写作(2018·温州“十五校联合体”高二期中联考)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Whenwasthelasttimeyousentsomeonealetterbyregularmail？ThankstotheInternet，manypeopleprefertosendemailsratherthanmaillettersusingthepostalsystem.Youngpeopleenteringtheworkingworldtodayfindthemselvessendingandreplyingtohundredsofbusinessrelatedemailseveryweek.However，manyofthesesameyoungpeopledon’tseemtoknowsomebasicruleswhenitestosendingemailsatwork.Mostofthepeoplesaidtheydidn’tchecktheirspellingorpunctuation(标点)beforehitting“send”．Evenmoresurprisingwasthat5%ofthemsaidtheysometimesendemailstotheirbosswiththewords“loveandkisses！”Whilethisisfineforpersonalmessagestofriendsandlovedones，itisnormallyconsideredimpro