2024届北京市延庆区高三一模英语试题

第1页/共1页延庆区2023～2024学年第二学期统测试卷高三英语本试卷共11页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Weliveinatown,abouthalfamilefromthebanksoftheAhrRiver.Ithadbeenrainingbucketsthatweekandtherewere___1___warningsforsomeofthenearbyareas,butnotwhereIwas.Asaprecaution,I’d___2___sandbagsoutsidemygardendoorandpiledelectronicsandclothingontablesandthecouchjustincasewatermanagedtoseepthrough.AsIfellasleep,Iwas___3___bythesoundofrushingwater.WhenIswungmylegsoffthebed,Iwas___4___tofeelcoldwateralreadyuptomykneesandrisingfast.Shiveringandindarkness,Igrabbedmyphoneand___5___itsflashlight.Waterwascomingfromthegardendoor,andchairs,bookshelvesandpiecesofmydrumsetwerefloatingallovermylivingroom.TheAhrmusthave___6___burstitsbanksandbreachedthesandbags.AndnowIhadtogetout—fast!Withthewaternowuptomywaist,inbarefeetIstartedtopaddletomyonly___7___:thedoorleadingtoupstairs.FinallyImadeittothatdoorandtriedtopullitopen,butthewater’spressurewashigh.Imanagedtomakea___8___ofabout30centimeterswithallmystrengthandeffort,enoughformetosqueezethrough.Rushingdownoutside,I___9___thatifIhadwokenupjustafewminuteslater,Iwouldhavedrowned.Theexperiencemademegratefulanddeterminedtoliveeachdaytoitsfullest.Iwillrememberwhatmymothertoldme:“Don’trememberthedaywhenyou____10____everything.Rememberthedayyousurvived.”1.A.flood B.earthquake C.drought D.sandstorm2.A.cleaned B.lifted C.recovered D.placed3.A.threatened B.awakened C.weakened D.tightened4.A.excited B.shocked C.depressed D.exhausted5.A.showedup B.lookedup C.turnedon D.wenton6A.carefully B.gradually C.violently D.constantly7.A.escape B.mind C.problem D.stage8.A.gap B.depth C.height D.cut9.A.pretended B.promised C.imagined D.realised10.A.lacked B.found C.lost D.gained第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ShenzhouXVIIcrewmemberscompletedtheirfirstspacewalkon22ndDecember,2023,completingahostoftasksoutsidetheTiangongspacestation.Itwasthe14thspacewalk____11____(conduct)byChineseastronauts.Therearealotofscienceandtechnologyassignmentsforthem____12____(perform)duringtheremainingdaysoftheirstayinorbit.Sincetheirarrival,theastronauts____13____(examine)andmaintainedequipmentandmadepreparationsfortheirspacewalk.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Asamothertothreeboys,I’musedtoreceivingmyfavoritesoapasagiftforeveryoccasion．Itdoesn’trequiremucheffort,andmysonsknowthatIloveit．OnedaymysonsawamagazineonmydeskwithJaneGoodall____14____thecover．Isaid,“She’smyfavoriteperson.”ThenextChristmas,Iwasexpectingmysoap____15____mysonshandedmeanenvelope．Insidewas/acopyofNationalGeographicsignedbyJaneGoodall．I____16____(move)totears.Iwillalwayscherishthemagazineandthoughtfulnessofmyboysfindingmetheperfectgift．C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whenthe48-year-oldUzbekgymnast,OksanaChusovitina,____17____(participate)intheAsiadwomen’sgymnasticsqualificationonMonday,thousandsofspectatorschantedfor“QiuMa,”____18____translatesto“MotherChusovitina”.Whenhersonwasdiagnosedwithleukemiain2002,sheadoptedGermancitizenshiptocompeteatglobaleventsforahigherincomeand____19____(good)medicaltreatment.Aftenherson’s____20____(recover),Chusovitinacontinuedhergymnasticsjourneyoutofsheerloveforthesport．第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALivingbeyondlimitsGrowingupinthehotLasVegasdesert,allIwantedwastobefree.Iwoulddaydreamabouttravelingtheworld,livinginaplacewhereitsnowed.Attheageof19,thedayafterIgraduatedfromhighschool,ImovedtoaplacewhereitsnowedandIfoundmydreamjob.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Ifeltfree,independentandcompletelyincontrolofmylife.Thatis,untilmylifetookadetour(转折点).IwenthomefromworkearlyonedaywithwhatIthoughtwastheflu,andlessthan24hourslaterIwasinthehospitalonlifesupportwithlessthana2%chanceofliving.OverthecourseoftwoandahalfmonthsIlostthehearinginmyleftearandbothofmylegsbelowtheknee.IthoughttheworstwasoveruntilweekslaterwhenIsawmynewartificiallegsforthefirsttime.TheyweresopainfulthatallIcouldthinkwas,howamIevergoingtotraveltheworldinthesethings?AndhowwasIgoingtosnowboardagain?ButIknewthatinordertomoveforward,IhadtoletgooftheoldSelfandlearntoembracethenewSelf.AndthatiswhenitdawnedonmethatifIsnowboardedagain,myfeetaren’tgoingtogetcold.FourmonthslaterIwasbackuponasnowboard,althoughthingsdidn’tgoquiteasexpected:Mykneesandmyankleswouldn’tbend.ButIknewthatIwouldbeabletodothisagainifIcouldfindtherightpairoffeet.Ididayearofresearch,stillcouldn’tfigureoutwhatkindoflegstouse.SoIdecidedtomakeapairmyself.MylegmakerandIputrandompartstogetherandwemadeapairoffeetthatIcouldsnowboardin.Thenin2005Icofoundedanonprofitorganizationforyouthwithphysicaldisabilitiessotheycouldgetinvolvedwithactionsports.Elevenyearsago,whenIlostmylegs,Ihadnoideawhattoexpect.Butifyouaskmetoday,ifIwouldeverwanttochangemysituation,Iwouldhavetosayno.Becausemylegshaven’tdisabledme.They’veforcedmetorelyonmyimaginationandtobelieveinthepossibilities.21.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshesawhernewlegsforthefirsttime?A.Astonished. B.Hopeful. C.Desperate. D.Delighted.22.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangeherthoughttowardhersituation?A.Herpositiveattitude.B.Inspirationfromresearch.C.Herloveforsnowboard.D.Helpfromanonprofitorganization.23.Theauthor’sattemptcouldhelpherandotheryouthswithphysicaldisabilitiesto______.A.travelaroundtheworldB.takepartinactionsportsC.bendtheirkneesandanklesD.recoverfromtheirdisabilities24.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover.D.NothingisimpossibletoawillingheartBIntern(实习生):UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization(UNESCO)JobTitle:DigitalBusinessSolutionsInternWorklocation:Remote/BeijingDuration:SixmonthsTheDigitalBureauSolutionisresponsibleforICToperationswithinUNESCO,andreportstotheAssistantDirectorGeneraltoAdministration(ADG/ADM).TheteamoverseestheimplementationofUNESO’sdigitalstrategy,withthedeliveryofmoreintegratedandproperlydesigned,projectandknowledgemanagementinsupportofprogrammedelivery;thesupplyofaflexibleITinfrastructure(基础建设),andbest-in-classservicemanagementtoenableeffectiveprogrammedelivery;andthesupplyofstrengthenedcybersecurityanddigitalriskmanagement.JobresponsibilitiesNetworkMonitoringandArrangement:Assistinmonitoringnetworkperformanceanddiagnosingconnectivityissuesusingnetworkmonitoringtools;whilegaininghands-onexperiencewithnetworkdevicearrangement,includingrouters,switches,andfirewalls;CloudPlatformFamiliarity:Gainexperiencewithcloudplatformsbysettingupandarrangingcloudresources;assistinplanningthemigrationofpre-storedapplicationsandworkloadstothecloud:ServerandNetworkTroubleshooting:Learntotroubleshootnetworkproblems,suchasslowconnectionsorconnectionlost;Documentation:Helpupdateandmaintainnetworkdocumentationincludingnetworkdiagramsanddeviceinventories;·UserSupportandTroubleshooting:Providebasicusersupport,includingpasswordresetsandaccountcreation,andlearnabouthelpdeskticketingsystems;RequirementsYoumustbeatleast20yearsoldtoapply.YouhaverecentlygraduatedwithaMaster’sdegreeorPhD,12monthspriortothestartoftheinternship;Youshouldhaveanexcellentcommand,bothwrittenandspoken,ofEnglishorFrench.Aworkingknowledgeoftheotherlanguage(EnglishorFrench)isanadvantage;Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofcomputersystemsandoffice-relatedsoftware.ApplicantsneedtoregisteranaccountforUNESCDandentertheapplicationprocessaftercompletingtheirpersonalinformationresume.IntheApplicationinformation,ifyouwanttodothisjoboffline,selectdutystation:China,Beijing.25.TheDigitalBureauSolutionisto______.A.controltheAssistantDirectorGeneraltoAdministrationB.improvemoreintegratedprojectandknowledgemanagementC.createaflexibleITinfrastructure,andgoodservicemanagementD.offerstrengthenedcybersecurityanddigitalriskmanagement.26.BeinganinterninUNESCO,onewillhelpto______.A.monitornetworkperformanceanddiagnoseconnectivityissuesB.gainexperiencewithcloudplatformsbyplanningtheapplicationsC.updateandmaintainnetworkdocumentationfornetworkdiagramsD.providebasicusersupportbylearningabouthelpdeskticketingsystems27Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Beingyoungerthan20yearsoldwhenapplying.B.HavingaMaster’sdegreeorPhDwhileapplying.C.CommandingEnglishandFrenchexcellently,bothwrittenandspoken.D.Havingarichknowledgeofcomputersystemsandoffice-relatedsoftware.CEVsareinthemiddleofanobesityepidemicFisker,anelectricvehicle,unveiledthefutureline-uponAugust3rd.Itincluded:asouped-up,off-roadversionoftheOcean.ThoughFiskersayssustainabilityisoneofitsfoundingprinciples,itisindulginginatraitalmostuniversalamongcarfirms:buildingbigger,strongercars,evenwhentheyareelectric.Therearetworeasonsforthis.Thefirstisprofit.Aswithconventionalcars,biggerEVsgeneratehighermargins.Thesecondisconsumerpreference.Fordecades,drivershavebeenoptingforSUVsandpickuptrucksratherthansmallercars,andthisnowappliestobattery-chargedones.EVdrivers,whoworryabouttheavailabilityofcharginginfrastructure,wantmorerange,hencebiggerbatteries.Thatmayhelpmakeforamorereassuringride.Buteventuallythesupersizingtrendwillprovetobeunsustainableandunsafe.Fornow,carmakerscanarguethathoweverbigtheelectricrigs,theyhaveapositiveimpactontheplanet.ThoughmanufacturingEVs—includingsourcingthemetalsandmineralsthatgointothem—generatesmoregreenhousegasesthanaconventionalcar,theyquicklycompensateforthatthroughtheabsenceoftallpipeemissions.Butinthelongrunthetrendforbiggerbutteriesmaybackfire,foreconomicandenvironmentalreasons.First,thebiggerthebattery,themorepressuretherewillbeonthesupplychain.Ifbatterysizesincreasetherearelikelytobeloomingseareitlesoflithiumandnickel.Thatwillpushupthecostoflithium-ionbatteries,underminingcarmakers’profitability.Second,tochargebiggerbatteriesinacarbon-neutralwayrequiresmorelow-carbonelectricity.Thatmaycreatebottlenecksonthegrid.Third,themorepressureonscarceresourcesvitalforEVproduction,theharderitwillbetomakeaffordableelectriccarscriticalforelectrifyingthemassmarket.Thatwillslowtheoveralldecarbonisationoftransport.Finally,thereissafety.Notonlyisabattletankthatdoeszeroto100kilometresperhourintheblinkofaneyealiabilityforanyonethathappenstobeinitsway.GovernmentshavewaystoencourageEVstoshrink.Themostimportantistosupporttheexpansionofcharginginfrastructure,whichwouldreducerangeanxietyandpromotesmallercars.Taxescouldpunishheaviervehiclesandsubsidiescouldpromotelighterones.Ultimatelytheindustryisalmostsuretorealisethefollyofpursuingsizeforitsownsake.Thepennyisstartingtodrop.Ford’sCEO,JimFarley,recentlysaidcarmakerscouldnotmakemoneywiththelongest-rangebatteries.HisoppositenumberatGeneralMotors,MaryBarra,hastakentheunexpectedstepofreversingaplantoretiretheaffordableChevyBoltEV.InEurope,carmakerslikeVolkswagenarebuildingsmaller,cheaperEVs.TeslaissaidtobeplanningacompactmodelmadeinMexico.28.ConsumerswantEVswithmorerangeandbiggerbatteriesbecause______.A.theycanbringmoreprofitsB.theycanreducetailpipeemissionsC.theyaremoresecureD.thereareinsufficientchargingfacilitiesforthem29.Fromthepassage,weknowthat______.A.RisingcostofbatterieswillincreaseprofitabilityB.ConventionalcarsproducemoregreenhousegasesthanEVsinproductionC.BiggerbatteriesmaycreatemorepressureonthesupplychainD.ThedemandonscarceresourcesinEVsmakeselectriccarsmoreaffordable30.Whatisthepassagetryingtotellus?A.Lighterelectricvehiclesshouldbeencouraged.B.Bigger,strongercarsaresaferandmoresustainable.C.Supersizingelectricvehicleshaveapositiveimpactontheplanet.D.EVswithbiggerbatteriesmayhelpmakeforamorecomfortableride.DItisrapidlyemergingasoneofthemostimportanttechnological,andincreasinglyideological,dividesofourtimes:shouldpowerfulgenerativeartificialintelligencesystemsbeopenorclosed?Supporterssaytheybroadenaccesstothetechnology,stimulateinnovationandimprovereliabilitybyencouragingoutsidescrutiny.Farcheapertodevelopanddeploy,smalleropenmodelsalsoinjectcompetitionintoafielddominatedbybigUScompaniessuchasGoogle.MicrosoftandOpenAIthathaveinvestedbillionsdevelopingmassive,closedandcloselycontrolledgenerativeAlsystems.ButdetractorsargueopenmodelsriskliftingthelidonaPandora’sboxoftroubles.Badactorscanexploitthemtospreadpersonaliseddisinformation,whileterroristsmightusethemtomanufacturecyberorbioweapons.“Thedangerofopensourceisthatitenablesmorecraziestodocrazythings,“GeoffreyHinton,oneofthepioneersofmodernAI,haswarned.ThehistoryofOpenAI,whichdevelopedthepopularChatGPTchatbot,isitselfinstructive.Asitsnamesuggests,theresearchcompanywasfoundedin2015withacommitmenttodevelopthetechnologyasopenlyaspossible.Butitlaterabandonedthatapproachforbothcompetitiveandsafetyreasons.OnceOpenAIrealisedthatitsgenerativeAImodelsweregoingtobe“unbelievablypotent”,itmadelittlesensetoopensourcethem,IlyaSutskever,OpenAI’schiefscientistsaid.Supportersofopenmodelshitback,ridiculingtheideathatopengenerativeAImodelsenablepeopletoaccessinformationtheycouldnototherwisefindfromtheinternetoraroguescientist.Theyalsohighlightthecompetitiveself-interestofthebigtechcompaniesinshoutingaboutthedangersofopenmodels,whoseintentionistoestablishtheirownmarketdominancestrongly.Butthereisanideologicaldimensiontothisdebate,too.YannLeCun,chiefscientistofMeta,haslikenedtheargumentsforcontrollingthetechnologytomedievalobscurantism(蒙昧主义):thebeliefthatonlyaself-selectingpriesthoodofexpertsiswiseenoughtohandleknowledge.Inthefuture,allourinteractionswiththevastdigitalrepositoryofhumanknowledgewillbemediatedthroughAlsystems.WeshouldnotwantahandfulofSiliconValleycompaniestocontrolthataccess.Justastheinternetflourishedbyresistingattemptstoencloseit,soAIwillthrivebyremainingopen,LeCunargues.WendyHall,royalprofessorofcomputerscienceatSouthamptonuniversity,sayswedonotwanttoliveinaworldwhereonlythebigcompaniesrungenerativeAl.Nordowewanttoallowuserstodoanythingtheylikewithopenmodels.“Wehavetofindsomecompromise,”shesuggests.Weshouldcertainlyresistthetyranny(暴政)ofthebinary(二进制)whenitcomestothinkingaboutAImodels.Bothopenandclosedmodelshavetheirbenefitsandflaws.Asthecapabilitiesofthesemodelsevolve,wewillconstantlyhavetotweaktheweightingsbetweencompetitionandcontrol.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“potent”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Accessible. B.Powerful. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Itneedsbillionsofdollarstodevelopanddeployopen-sourcemodels.B.ThefieldofgenerativeAIsystemsisdominatedbybigcompanies.C.Onlyself-selectingexpertscanhandleopenmodelswisely.D.Userscandoanythingtheylikewithopenmodelsatthismoment.33.RegardingWendyHall’ssuggestions,theauthoris______.A.sympathetic B.puzzled C.unconcerned D.opposed34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoKeeptheLidonthePandora’sBoxofOpenAIB.DividesonOpenAI:technologyandideologyC.WheredoestheDebateonOpenAIEndD.ProsandConsofOpenAI第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyouwanttobeacognitivesuperagerwhenyouareold?Justasyoutakestepstowardsafuture-proofingbody,youcanenhanceyourbrain’sresiliencetoage-relateddiseasebyboostingcognitivereserve.AndrewSommerlad,anassociateprofessorofpsychiatry,discoversthepowerofcognitivereserveinstudiesofolderpeoplewhoshowsignsofAlzheimer’s(阿尔兹海默症)intheirbrains.____35____Actually,threeyearsago,colleaguesofSommerladhadalsopublishedfindingsfromStudyofAgeing.Theyshowedthathigherlevelsofcognitivereserveareassociatedwithlowerlevelsofdementia.____36____Thestrongcognitivereserveishelpfultostaveoffsymptomsofbrainchangesassociatednotjustwithdementiabutwithotherbraindiseases.Italsohelpsyoutofunctionbetterforlongerwhenfacingunexpectedlifeeventsasyougetolder.Howdoyouimproveit?Theyoungeryouimplementthingsthatwillbolsterit,thebetter.Forexample,youcandotasksthatchallengesyourbrainability,likecrosswords,reading,givingimpromptuspeechandcriticalthinking.____37____So,domind-bodypracticeslikeyoga,TaiChiormeditationtoreducestressisalsoimportant.Thiscanhelpyoubalancetheperiodsofmentaldemandandrelaxation.____38____ideally,seventoninehoursisoptimalforenhancingcognitivereserve.Startbyimprovingyoursleephygienewithstepssuchasavoidingelectronicscreens.Cognitivereserveisdevelopedthroughalifetimeofeducation,curiosityandpersistence.____39____A.Itseffectsarewidereaching.B.Additionally,maintainregularsleeppatterns.C.Soplanaheadtomakesureyoukeepcognitivelybusyandengaged!D.Therearewaysyoucanimprovesleep,forbothyoungandoldpeople.E.Itsuggeststhatdevelopingagoodcognitivereservecanbepowerfullyprotective.F.However,thinkingtoohardfortoolongmaywearyouout,hurtingcognitivereserve.G.Theycopebetterwithpathological(病理上的)changes,thehighertheirpowersofcognitivereserve.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节阅读表达(共4小题：第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Anxietyisnotdeadly,becausebeingabletofeelanxiousshowsthatourfight-or-flightsystemisoperational,whichisanindicatorofbrainandsensoryhealth.Onceweacceptthatbeinganxiousisanormalpartoflife,wecanuseittoourbenefit.Anxietycanhelpbuildouremotionalstrength.Ifwewanttobuildemotionalstrength,weneedtofacesomedegreeofmentalstress.Ofcourse,unpleasantandabusetendtocausemoreharmthangood,buttheexperienceofoccasionalanxiety,stress,andtensionsubstantiallyincreasesouremotionalcourage.Anxietycanincreaseyouremotionalconnection.Clinicalsciencehasidentifiedthatsharingouranxietieswithourlovedonesisoneofthemosteffectivestrategiestobuildconnection.Whenmypatientslearntoopenupandsharetheiranxietieswiththeirpartners,theyalmostalwaysreportagreatersenseofemotionalconnection.Anxietycanhelpusrebalance.Whenwefeelgenuinelyanxiousbecauseofstress,it’sourbody’swayoftellingustorebalance.Nobodyistrulylimitless.Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsolessstressedandanxious.Anxietycanbeahealthy,helpfulemotionthatisaconstructiveaspectofhumanlife.Whenitcomestooccasionalexperienceofanxiety,itcanemotionallyhelpboostourcourage.Itcanalsobuildupemotionalconnectionwhenweexpressoursensitivefeelingstoothers.Andintheformofstress,itcanserveasaninternalindicatortoremainbalancedandhealthy.Nowit’shightimewestartedputtingittogooduse．40.Whyisanxietynotdeadly?____________________________________________________________________________________________41.Whencananxietyincreaseouremotionalconnection?____________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy?Whenwepayattentiontoourinternalcuesandacknowledgeourweaknesses,weemergemorefocusedandhealthieroverallandalsomorestressedandanxious．____________________________________________________________________________________________43.Asastudent,howdoyoumakeuseoftestanxietytohelpyoubebetterpreparedforexams?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校下周将要举办“科技嘉年华”活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动安排。科技嘉年华ScienceandTechnologyCarnival注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________