定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习

定语从句一(关系代词的用法)一.定语从句概念1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。关系词有关系________:有______,_______,______,_______,_________,_______等；关系________:有______,_______,______等。关系词常有3个作用：①引导定语从句。②代替先行词。③在定语从句中充当一个成分。注意：根据先行词与定语从句之间有无逗号隔开，定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明删除后意思仍完整译法翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句限制性定语从句举例：(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例：(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）二.引导定语从句的关系代词1.who指______，在从句中充当_________(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.(3)InthemeetingIsawMr.SmithwhoImetinmybirthdayparty.2.whom指_______，在定语从句中充当_______，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指______，在定语从句中做______或者_______，做_______时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于______或者_______；指物时，相当于_______。在定语从句中做______或者_______，做_______时可省略。(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做________(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,ofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.【详细讲解】Ⅰ.关系代词that和which的用法(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况:1．当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等不定代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.2.当先行词被序数词修饰(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4.当形容词被thevery,theonly,just修饰时(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时________________________________________________________________5.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.________________________________________________________________强化训练把下列中文用定语从句翻译成英文。1.他在中国参观的第一个博物馆是历史博物馆。________________________________________________________________2.你有任何关于这个主题的信息都发给我吧。________________________________________________________________3.不到长城非好汉。________________________________________________________________4.那条两边都是树的河一直流向海洋。________________________________________________________________5.妈妈给我买了台电脑作为生日礼物,这正是我所渴望的。________________________________________________________________6.掌握一门外语很有用,这是大家公认的。________________________________________________________________定语从句二(介词+关系代词的用法)关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词＋关系代词引导(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(5)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6)We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose.(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)(5)Tom,onwhosebikeIwenttoschoolisafriendofmine.(T)3.“介词＋关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.4.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开,定语从句常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.总结：判断介词的方法有以下三种：看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配)先行词放在从句中需不需要添介词通过整个句子整体含义来判断专项练习2用”介词+关系代词”填空1.Theyheldameeting,_____________thehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.2.Thebook,____________hepaid6yuan,isworthreading.3.Isthistheman___________housethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?4.WuDong,____________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.5.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,__________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.单项选择6.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding__________thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich7.Thewoman________mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom8.Hisglasses,________hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_________writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheSecondWorldWar______millionsofpeoplewerekilledwasin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich11.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,________wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose12.Thedictionary,_________Ipaid80dollars,wasstolen.A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.towhich13.GrandmaLianghastwosons,_________aresoldiers.A.twoofwhomB.whomC.bothofwhomD.oneofthem14.Hearrivedhalfanhourlate,________madeuseunhappy.A.thatB.asC.whatD.which15.Jane,__________sistersarefamousmodelsintheworld,willattendtheimportantceremony.A.withwhoB.withwhichC.withwhomD.withwhose仿写练习用介词+关系代词的形式把下列句子翻译成英文。1.Jim是我的外教，从他身上我学到了很多有用的东西。________________________________________________________________2.我喜欢窗子朝南的房子。________________________________________________________________3.他给了我几本我不太熟悉的歌曲。________________________________________________________________4.中国有许多大河流，其中长江和黄河是最重要的河流。________________________________________________________________5.他有两个兄弟，没有一个是教师。________________________________________________________________综合强化训练1.Itisbynomeansclear______thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as2.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without________helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that3.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof_________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.as4.Theairqualityinthecity,________isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.thatB.itC.asD.what5.Mrs.LeewillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,________itwillbecompletelyfinished.A.bywhichtimeB.bythattimeC.bythistimeD.bythetime6.Heissuchalovelystudent_______everyoneloves.A.asB.whoC.thatD.whom7.Thestudentthatteacherthinksbestplayedtruant(逃学)yesterday,________madetheteacherverydisappointed.A.asB.thatC.whichD.who8.Haveyouseenthebook________isyellow?A.thecoverofitB.whichcoverC.thecoverofwhichD.which’scover9.______isknowntousallthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It10.Ellenwaspainterofbirdsandofnature,______,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whom11.Careofthesoulisagradualprocess______eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.A.thatB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich12.Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.A.asB.itC.whichD.this13.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,_______heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what14.Inourclassthereare46students,________halfwereglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem15.Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom_______youreceivedgifts?A.whichB.themC.thatD.whom16.Theprizewillgotothewriter_______storyshowsthemostimagination.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose17.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whichD.whose18.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses________arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.thatC.asD.inwhich19.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction