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Tagquestionstag
asmallpieceof
paper,
plastic
etc
attached
tosomethingtoshowwhatitis,whoownsit,whatit
costs
etc.name/identity/pricetagWhatisatagquestion?AtagquestionisaspecialconstructioninEnglish.Itisastatementfollowedbyamini-question.Weusetagquestionstoaskforconfirmation.Theymeansomethinglike:"Isthatright?"or"Doyouagree?"TheyareverycommoninEnglish.Thebasicstructureofatagquestionis:
positivestatementnegativetagSnowiswhite,isn'tit?negativestatementpositivetagYoudon'tlikeme,doyou?
Noticethatthetagrepeatstheauxiliaryverb(ormainverbwhen
be)fromthestatementandchangesittonegativeorpositive.PositiveStatementTagQuestionsLookattheseexampleswith
positivestatements.Youwillseethatmostofthetime,theauxiliaryverbfromthepositivestatementisrepeatedinthetagandchangedtonegative.(+)positivestatement(-)negativetagsubjectauxiliary
mainverbauxiliary
notpersonalpronounsameassubjectYouarecoming,aren’tyou?Wehavefinished,haven’twe?Youdolikecoffee,don’tyou?Youlikecoffee,don’tyou?Theywillhelp,won’tthey?subjectauxiliary
mainverbauxiliary
notpersonalpronounsameassubjectIcancome,cann’tI?Wemustgo,mustn’twe?Heshouldtryharder,shouldn’the?YouareEnglish,aren’tyou?Johnwasthere,wasn’the?Notice:theuseof
do
inthetwocoffeequestions.RememberthatinPresentSimple,
do
isoptionalinpositivestatements(Youlikecoffee/Youdolikecoffee).Butthe
do
mustappearinthetag.ThesameappliestoPastSimple
did.inlasttwoquestions,noauxiliaryformainverb
be
inPresentSimpleandPastSimple.Thetagrepeatsthemainverb.NegativeStatementTagQuestionsLookattheseexampleswith
negativestatements.Noticethatthenegativeverbintheoriginalstatementischangedtopositiveinthetag.(-)negativestatement(+)positivetagsubjectauxiliary
mainverb
auxiliarypersonalpronounsameassubjectItisn'training,
isit?Wehaveneverseenthat,havewe?Youdon'tlikecoffee,doyou?Theywillnothelp,
willthey?Theywon'treportus,willthey?subjectauxiliary
mainverb
auxiliarypersonalpronounsameassubjectIcanneverdo
itright,canI?Wemustn'ttell
her,mustwe?Heshouldn'tdrive
sofast,shouldhe?Youwon'tbe
late,willyou?You
aren'tEnglish,areyou?John
wasn’tthere,washe?Notice:won't
isthecontractedformof
willnotthetagrepeatstheauxiliaryverb,notthemainverb.Except,ofcourse,fortheverb
be
inPresentSimpleandPastSimple.AnsweringTagQuestionsHowdoweansweratagquestion?Often,wejustsay
Yes
or
No.Sometimeswemayrepeatthetagandreverseit(Theydon'tlivehere,
dothey?Yes,
theydo).Beverycarefulaboutansweringtagquestions.Insomelanguages,anoppositesystemofansweringisused,andnon-nativeEnglishspeakerssometimesanswerinthewrongway.Thiscanleadtoalotofconfusion!Answeratagquestionaccordingtothe
truth
ofthesituation.Youranswerreflectstherealfacts,not(necessarily)thequestion.Forexample,everyoneknowsthatsnowiswhite.Lookatthesequestions,andthecorrectanswers:tag
questionSnowiswhite,isn'tit?Yes(itis).Snowisn'twhite,isit?Yes,
it
is!Answerissameinbothcases–becausesnow
iswhite.
Snowisblack,isn'tit?No,
it
isn't!Snowisnotblack,isit?No,
it
isn't!Answerissameinbothcases-becausesnow
isnotblack!Butnoticechangeof
stress
whenanswererdoesnotagreewithquestioner.Insomelanguages,peopleansweraquestionlike"Snowisn'tblack,isit?"with"Yes"(meaning"Yes,Iagreewithyou").Thisisthe
wronganswer
inEnglish!Herearesomemoreexamples,withcorrectanswers:Themoongoesroundtheearth,doesn'tit?Yes,itdoes.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,isn'tit?Yes.Theearthisbiggerthanthesun,isn'tit?
No,it
isn't!Asianpeopledon'tlikerice,dothey?
Yes,they
do!ElephantsliveinEurope,don'tthey?
No,they
don't!Mendon'thavebabies,dothey?No.TheEnglishalphabetdoesn'thave40letters,doesit?No,itdoesn't.TagQuestionSpecialCasesNegativeadverbsTheadverbs
never,
rarely,
seldom,
hardly,
barely
and
scarcely
haveanegativesense.Eventhoughtheymaybeinapositivestatement,thefeelingofthestatementisnegative.Wetreatstatementswiththesewordslikenegativestatements,sothequestiontagisnormallypositive.Lookattheseexamples:positivestatement
treatedas
negativestatementpositivetagHe
never
cameagain,didhe?Shecan
rarely
comethesedays,canshe?You
hardly
evercamelate,didyou?I
barely
knowyou,doI?Youwould
scarcely
expecthertoknowthat,wouldyou?Intonation
Wecanchangethe
meaning
ofatagquestionwiththemusicalpitchofourvoice.Withrisingintonation,itsoundslikearealquestion.Butifourintonationfalls,itsoundsmorelikeastatementthatdoesn'trequirearealanswer:
intonationYoudon'tknowwheremywalletis,doyou?/risingrealquestionIt'sabeautifulview,isn'tit?\fallingnotarealquestionImperatives
Sometimesweusequestiontagswithimperatives(invitations,orders),butthesentenceremainsanimperativeanddoesnotrequireadirectanswer.Weuse
won't
forinvitations.Weuse
can,can't,will,would
fororders.imperative+questiontagnotesTakeaseat,won'tyou?politeinvitationHelpme,canyou?quitefriendlyHelpme,can'tyou?quitefriendly(someirritation?)Closethedoor,wouldyou?quitepoliteDoitnow,willyou.lesspoliteDon'tforget,willyou.withnegativeimperativesonly
will
ispossibleSame-waytagquestions
Althoughthebasicstructureoftagquestionsispositive-negativeornegative-positive,itissometimespossibletouseapositive-positiveornegative-negativestructure.Weusesame-waytagquestionstoexpressinterest,surprise,angeretc,andnottomakerealquestions.Lookatthesepositive-positivetagquestions:Soyou'rehavingababy,areyou?That'swonderful!Shewantstomarryhim,doesshe?Somechance!Soyouthinkthat'sfunny,doyou?Thinkagain.Negative-negativetagquestionsusuallysoundratherhostile:Soyoudon'tlikemylooks,don'tyou?(BritishEnglish)Askingforinformationorhelp
Noticethatweoftenusetagquestionstoaskforinformationorhelp,startingwithanegativestatement.Thisisquiteafriendly/politewayofmakingarequest.Forexample,insteadofsaying"Whereisthepolicestation?"(notverypolite),or"Doyouknowwherethepolicestationis?"(slightlymorepolite),wecouldsay:"Youwouldn'tknowwherethepolicestationis,wouldyou?"Herearesomemoreexamples:Youdon'tknowofanygoodjobs,doyou?Youcouldn'thelpmewithmyhomework,couldyou?Youhaven'tgot$10tolendme,haveyou?Somemorespecialcases
examplenotesI
am
right,
aren'tI?aren'tI(not
amn'tI)You
have
togo,
don'tyou?you(do)havetogo...I
havebeen
answering,
haven'tI?usefirstauxiliaryNothing
cameinthepost,
did
it?treatstatementswith
nothing,nobodyetc
likenegativestatementsLet'
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