欧洲性别平等市场调研和分析报告（英文版）-2024年1月上传培训课件

POLITICS

&

SOCIETYGenderEquality&InequalityinEuropeCHAPTER

01Economic(in)equalityFemaleshareoftotallaborincomeinEuropefrom1991to2019InequalityinEurope:femaleshareoftotallaborincomeinEurope1991-201939.5%38.77%38.42%38.25%38.113%8.09%38.75%38.693%8.69%38.5%37.5%36.5%35.5%34.5%37.88%37.84%37.63%36.77%36.24%36.02%35.97%35.86%35.63%35.32%35.06%34.593%4.59%34.33%34.17%34.09%33.96%33.8%33.65%33.34%33.5%

33.19%32.5%1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

20194Description:Thefemaleshareoftotallaborincome,thatis,theshareoftotalincomeearnedbyemployeesthatisearnedbywomen,hasrisenconsistentlyinEuropeoverthepastthirtyyears.Whilein1991,thefemalesharewasroughlyone-thirdoftotallaborincome,itstoodatalmost39percentin2019.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;1991to2019Source(s):WorldInequalityLabShareoftotallaborincomeearnedinEuropeancountriesbywomenin2019,bycountryInequalityinEurope:femaleshareofnationallaborincomeinEurope201950%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%5Description:Asof2019,Moldova,Estonia,andPortugalweretheEuropeancountrieswherethegreatestshareoftotalnationallaborincomewasearnedbywomen,withwomenearningbetween43and45percentoftotalincomeinthesecountries.Bycontrast,womenearnedonly23percentoflaborincomeinTurkey,theEuropeancountrywiththelowestfemaleshare.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2019Source(s):WorldInequalityLabGenderpaygapofaveragegrosshourlyearningsinselectedEuropeancountriesin2021GenderpaygapinEuropeancountries202125%20%15%10%5%0%-5%6Description:MenintheEuropeanUnionearnedapproximately13percentmorethanwomenin2021,withEstoniahavingthebiggestgenderpaygapof20.5percentinthisyearandLuxembourghavingthelowestatminus0.2percent,meaningthatonaveragewomenactuallyeanredmorethanmeninLuxembourgduringthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2021Source(s):EurostatGenderpaygapofaveragegrosshourlyearningsintheEuropeanUnionfrom2010to2022GenderpaygapintheEuropeanUnion2010-202217.0%16.4%16.5%16.0%15.5%15.0%14.5%14.0%13.5%13.0%12.5%12.0%16.2%16%15.8%15.7%15.5%15.1%14.6%14.4%13.7%201912.9%202012.7%20212010201120122013201420152016201720187Description:ThedifferencebetweenmaleandfemalehourlyearningsasashareofmaleearningsintheEuropeanUnionwas12.7percentin2020,comparedwith12.9percentinthepreviousyear.ThegenderpaygaphasreducedsignificantlyintheEuropeanUnionsincetheearly2010s,whenitpeakedat16.4percentin2012.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2010to2022Source(s):EurostatFull-timeequivalentemploymentrateofEUcitizensin2020,bygenderandeducationlevelFTEemploymentrateofEUcitizens2020,bygenderandeducationlevelWomenMen80%70%60%50%74%66%63%46%37%40%30%20%10%0%18%LowMediumHigh8Description:ThereisanemploymentgendergapamongthecountriesoftheEuropeanUnion.Menareemployedfull-timetoahigherdegreethanwomen,regardlessofeducationlevel.Infact,74percentofmaleswithahigheducationlevelwereemployedcomparedto66percentoffemaleswiththesameeducationalachievements.Thegendergap,however,wasevenhigherforEUcitizenswithaloweducationlevel.Asignificantgendergapinemploymentisalsofoundwhencheckingforage.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2020Source(s):EIGEFull-timeequivalentemploymentrateofEUcitizensin2020,bygenderandfamilysituationFTEemploymentrateofEUcitizens2020,bygenderandfamilysituationWomenMen100%88%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%74%60%59%CouplewithchildrenLoneparents9Description:ThereisanemploymentgendergapamongthecountriesoftheEuropeanUnion.AccordingtotheGenderEqualityIndex2020,thefull-timeequivalentemploymentrateoflonemotherswas59percentcomparedto74percentforoflonefathers.Regardingcoupleswithchildrenasimilarpictureappears.Significantgendergapsinemploymentwasalsosalientconsideringeducationallevel.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2020Source(s):EIGEAveragefull-timeandpart-timeworkinghoursperweekformale,female,andoverallworkersintheEuropeanUnionfrom1stquarter2008to1stquarter2023Averagefull-timeandpart-timeweeklyworkinghoursEU2008-2023Full-timetotalFull-timemaleFull-timefemalePart-timetotalPart-timemalePart-timefemale45403530252015Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q320082008200920092010201020112011201220122013201320142014201520152016201620172017201820182019201920202020202120212022202210Description:Theaveragenumberofweeklyhoursworkedbyfull-timeworkersintheEuropeanUnionwas40.4hoursaweekasofthefirstquarterof2023,oneofthelowestnumberofaveragehoursworkedduringthisprovidedtimeperiod.Whilemenworkedmorehoursinfull-timerolesintheEU,thiswasreversedforpart-timeroles,wherewomenworkedmorehoursperweek.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;Q12008toQ12023;15-64yearsSource(s):EurostatTotalemploymentrate,maleemploymentrate,andfemaleemploymentrateintheEuropeanUnionfrom1stquarter2005to1stquarter2023EmploymentrateintheEuropeanUnion2005-2023TotalMaleFemale80%75%70%65%60%55%50%11Description:ThetotalemploymentrateintheEuropeanreached70.6percentinthesecondquarterof2023,anincreaseonthepreviousquarterandamongstthehighestemploymentratesintheunionsince2005.ThereisamarkedinequalitybetweenthemaleandfemaleemploymentratesintheEU,withthemaleemploymentratebeingapproximately75percent,whiletherateforfemalesisaround65percent.Thegapbetweenmenandwomenhasdeclinedsince2005,whenthegapwasalmost15[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;Q12005toQ22023;15-64yearsSource(s):EurostatAveragetimespentwithoneemployerforallemployees,maleemployees,andfemaleemployeesinselectedEuropeancountriesin2022(inyears)AveragetimespentwithoneemployerinEuropeancountries2022AveragetenureinyearsFemaleMaleTotal0246810121411.0311.37GreeceItalySloveniaPortugalBelgium12.9712.1412.0511.7611.6711.711.6811.4911.4511.4710.5110.4310.479.84CzechRepublicCroatia10.7810.3610.210.2910.249.719.68PolandSpainEuroareaGermanyEuropeanUnion2710.5610.1710.4910.119.7710.1110.429.691010.279.610.19.

112Description:EmployeesinGreecespendanaverageof12.14yearswiththeiremployersasof2022,thelongestaveragejobtenureamongEuropeancountries.Amongtheprovidedcountries,Denmarkhadtheshortestaveragejobtenure,at6.18years.InmostEuropeancountries,menspendmoretimewithasingleemployeronaveragethanwomen.Notableexceptionstothistrendcomefromanumberofpost-communistcountriesincentralandeasternEurope-Romania,Bulgaria,Lithuania,Latvia,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2022Source(s):OECDCHAPTER

02Social(in)equalityGendergapindexintheEuropeanUnionmembercountriesin2023GendergapindexintheEuropeanUnion2023GlobalGenderGapIndex0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0FinlandSwedenGermanyIreland0.860.820.820.8LithuaniaBelgiumSpain0.80.80.790.79LatviaNetherlandsDenmarkEstonia0.780.780.78SloveniaPortugal0.770.7714Description:TheGlobalGenderGapIndexaimstomeasuretheparitybetweenmenandwomeninfourkeyareas:health,education,economicsandpolitics.AttheEuropeanUnionlevel,Finlandledtherankinginthe2023edition,withascoreof0.86points,followedbyanotherNordiccountry,Sweden,at0.82.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2023Source(s):WorldEconomicForumTheEUGenderEqualityIndexin2022,bycountryTheEUGenderEqualityIndex2022,bycountryIndexscore0102030405060708090SwedenDenmarkNetherlandsFinland83.977.877.375.4FranceSpain75.174.6Ireland74.3BelgiumLuxembourgAustria74.273.568.868.7GermanyEU27Slovenia67.967.515Description:TheGenderEqualityIndexbenchmarksnationalgendergapsoneconomic,political,education,andhealth-basedcriteriaamongthecountriesoftheEuropeanUnion.Ascoreof0indicatesthatthereisnogenderequality,while100pointsindicatesthatgenderequalityisachieved.Inthe2022index,theleadingcountrywasSwedenwithascoreof83.9points.DenmarkandtheNetherlandswerethesecondandthirdmostgenderequalcountries.Consideringtheothersideofthespectrum,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2020Source(s):EIGETheEUGenderEqualityIndexin2020,bytypeofinequalityTheEUGenderEqualityIndex2020,bytypeofinequality10088908070605040302010080.672.265.763.653.5HealthMoneyWorkTimeKnowledgePower16Description:In2020,theEuropeanUnionscored88pointsforhealthintermsofgenderequality.Themostunequalindicatorwaspower,withanindexof53.5.TheGenderEqualityIndexbenchmarksnationalgendergapsoneconomic,political,education,andhealth-basedcriteriaamongthecountriesoftheEuropeanUnion.Ascoreof0indicatesthatthereisnogenderequality,while100pointsindicatesthatgenderequalityisachieved.Swedenwasthemostequalcountryamongthe28countriesof[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2020Source(s):EIGEAveragelifeexpectancyinEuropeforthosebornin2022,bygenderandregion(inyears)LifeexpectancyinEurope2022Males79Females8490848381797977807060504030201007568Europe(total)WesternEuropeSouthernEuropeNorthernEuropeEasternEurope17Description:ThisstatisticshowstheaveragelifeexpectancyinEuropeforthosebornin2022,bygenderandregion.TheaveragelifeexpectancyinWesternEuropewas79yearsformalesand84yearsforfemalesin2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2022Source(s):PopulationReferenceBureauLegaltimeframessurroundingaccesstoabortioninselectedEuropeancountriesin2020,bycountry(inweeks)LegalabortiontimeframesinEurope202030242520151052218141412121212121212121212121212121212121212121210018Description:In2020,inEuropeancountrieswhereabortionsarelegal,aspecifictimeframevariedfrom10to24weeks.ThemostpermissivelegislationwasinapplicationintheU.K,whereawomencouldhaveanabortionupuntil24weeksofpregnancy,followedbytheNetherlandswith22weeks.Ontheotherhand,womeninPortugalcanhaveanabortionupuntil10weeks,althoughthistimeframecanbeoverpassedinveryspecificsituationssuchasrisktowoman'shealth,rapeandfetal[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2020Source(s):FranceInterRankingofEuropeanpoliciesaccordingtotheirprogressivenessandopennesstoabortionin2021,bycountryRankingofabortionpoliciesinEuropein2021,bycountryRateofabortionpolicies0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%SwedenIcelandUnitedKingdomNetherlandsFranceDenmarkFinlandNorwayBelgiumLuxembourgSwitzerlandIsleofManNorthMacedonia19Description:In2021,policiessurroundingabortionvariedgreatlyfromoneEuropeancountrytoanother.Accordingtothisranking,basedonthelegalstatusofabortion,access,clinicalcare,delivery,andavailabilityofrelevantinformation,SwedenandIcelandhadthemostpermissiveandeffectivepoliciesinEurope.Ontheotherhand,AndorraandMaltaheldthelastpositionintheranking.InAndorra,asmallstateborderingFranceandSpain,abortionisillegal.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2021Source(s):EuropeanParliamentaryForumforSexual&ReproductiveRights;IPPFShareoffemalesthatfeeluncomfortableinsocialsituationswhentheyareontheirperiodinselectedEuropeancountriesin2018FemalediscomfortinpublicwhentheyareontheirperiodinEuropeancountries2018UncomfortableVeryuncomfortable50%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%21%17%18%11%14%25%18%22%14%9%27%Italy26%25%24%24%19%0%RussiaGermanyNetherlandsGreatBritainSpainFranceSweden20Description:ThisstatisticdisplaystheshareoffemaleswhofeeluncomfortableinsocialsituationswhentheyareontheirperiodinEuropein2018.FemalesinRussiafeltthemostuncomfortableinsocialsituationswhileontheirperiod,withanoveralltotalof46percent,followedbyGermanwomenat43percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;November20toDecember4,2017;15,530respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):EssitySelf-perceivedhealthofEUcitizensin2020,bygenderandfamilysituationSelf-perceivedhealthofEUcitizens2020,bygenderandfamilysituationWomenMen90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%84%84%77%72%CouplewithchildrenLoneparents21Description:AccordingtotheGenderEqualityIndex2020,72percentoflonemothersintheEUreportgoodorverygoodhealth.Ahighernumberoflonefathers,77percent,reportthesame.Comparedtocoupleswithchildren,however,loneparentsoverallreportworsehealth.GendergapsamongloneparentsandcouplesintheEUalsoimpactemploymentrates.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2020;15yearsandolder;ShareofEU-citizenswhoreporthavinggoodorverygoodhealthSource(s):EIGESelf-perceivedhealthofEUcitizensin2020,bygenderandeducationlevelSelf-perceivedhealthofEUcitizens2020,bygenderandeducationlevelWomenMen90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%81%80%71%68%62%50%LowMediumHigh22Description:AccordingtotheGenderEqualityIndex2020,goodhealthisnotenjoyedequallybyallwomenandmenintheEU.Only50percentoffemaleswithaloweducationlevelreporthavinggoodorverygoodhealth(comparedwith62percentofmales).ForEUcitizenswithahigheducationlevel,around80percentofbothmalesandfemalesstatedtohavegoodorverygoodhealth.GendergapsarealsorevealedconsideringemploymentratesintheEU.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2020;ShareofEU-citizenswhoreporthavinggoodorverygoodhealthSource(s):EIGECHAPTER

03Discrimination,harassment&violenceagainstwomenEstimatednumberoffemicidevictimsintheEuropeanUnionin2020,bycountryNumberoffemicidevictimsintheEuropeanUnionin2020050100150200250300350400450PolandGermanyItaly40011710299HungaryFrance90Spain45RomaniaNetherlandsSlovakiaCzechiaAustria423332323130PortugalBulgaria2724Description:In2020,manyEuropeancountriessawahighnumberinthereportedcasesoffemicide.Femicide,whichreferstothegender-relatedkillingofwomenandgirls,representsthemostextremecasesofviolenceagainstwomen.Inthisyeartherewereestimatedtohavebeen400femicidesinPoland,117inGermany,102inItaly,and99inHungary.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2020Source(s):WomenAgainstViolenceEuropeShareofwomenwhohavebeenexposedtoatleastonesituationofsexualharassmentatworkinselectedEuropeancountriesExposuretosexualharassmentatworkinselectedEuropeancountriesin2019ShareofresponseInyourlifetime30%Inthelast12months40%0%10%20%50%60%70%68%80%GermanySpain23%66%31%57%UnitedKingdomItaly17%56%21%55%France18%25Description:Thisstatisticillustratestheshareofwomenvictimswhohavebeenexposedtoatleastonesituationofsexualharassmentatworkinthepast12months,inselectedEuropeancountriesin2019.Accordingtothedata,31percentoffemalerespondentsinSpainstatedthattheyhavebeenexposedtosexualharassmentatworkinthepast12months,thehighestshareofwomenvictimswhencomparedwithotherEuropeancountries.Thelowestshareofwomenwhoreportedtohave[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):France,Germany,Italy,Spain,UnitedKingdom;11stto15thofApril,2019;5,026*;18yearsandolder;*Italy:1,000womenrespondentsSpain:1,021womenrespondentsFrance:1,004womenrespondentsGermany:1,001women[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):FoundationforEuropeanProgressiveStudies;IFOPShareofwomenthathaveexperiencedsexualharassmentoraggressioninthestreetinthelast12monthsinselectedEuropeancountriesin2018ShareofwomenthathaveexperiencedstreetharassmentinEurope201850%44%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%35%27%25%24%0%GermanySpainUnitedKingdomItalyFrance26Description:Accordingtoasurveyconductedin2018,44percentofwomeninGermanywerethevictimsofatleastonetypeofsexualattackoraggressioninthe12monthsleadinguptoOctober2018,themostofanyoftheprovidedcountries.

ReadmoreNote(s):France,Germany,Italy,Spain,UnitedKingdom;October25-30,2018;6,025*;18yearsandolder;Europeanfemales;*Italy:1,009womenrespondentsSpain:1,007womenrespondentsFrance:1,004womenrespondentsGermany:1,004[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):FoundationforEuropeanProgressiveStudies;IFOPNumberofreportedrapecasesinselectedEuropeancountriesin2021,bygenderofvictimEurope:numberofreportedrapecasesbygenderofvictim2021NumberofrapesFemaleMale05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000FranceGermanySwedenDenmarkNorwaySpainAustriaFinlandIrelandRomaniaCzechiaSwitzerland27Description:Therewere31,050rapesoffemalevictimsreportedinFrancein2021,withafurther3,937rapesofmalevictims.FrancereportedthehighestnumberofrapesinthisyearamongtheprovidedEuropeancountries,withGermanyreportingthesecond-highestnumber,at9,797femalesand761males.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2021Source(s):EurostatNumberofsheltersaccessibletofemalevictimsofviolenceinselectedEuropeancountriesin2020Numberofwomen'ssheltersinEurope2020Numberofshelters200050100150250300350400GermanyEnglandSpain*360271265Italy232Sweden*RomaniaFranceDenmarkWalesPortugalScotlandPoland1618452484339363531Slovenia28Description:In2020,therewere360sheltersinGermanythatprovidedassistanceandsupporttofemalevictimsofviolence,thehighestnumberinEurope.Bycontrast,countriessuchasSlovakia,Malta,CzechiaandCyprusprovidedfewerthan10sheltersaccessibletowomeninthisyear.ReadmoreNote(s):EU;2020;*Datarefersto2017.ReadmoreSource(s):WomenAgainstViolenceEuropeCHAPTER

04Womeninbusiness&politicsProportionoffemalecabinetmembersingovernmentsoftheEuropeanUnion(28countries)from2004to2022ProportionofwomeninEuropeanUniongovernmentcabinets2004-202234%32%30%28%32.3%32.1%30.1%

30.1%29.3%28.6%27.2%

27.2%27%26.7%26.6%26.1%25.7%26%24%22%20%25.1%24.6%201124.3%200423.6%200623.4%200721.7%20052008200920102012201320142015201620172018201920202021202230Description:TheproportionofwomeninseniorministerialrolesintheEuropeanUnionhasincreasedfromalowof21.7percentin2005to32.3percentby2022,althoughtherewassignificantfluctuationintheinterveningyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;Q22004toQ22022;*Proportionsareasof2ndquarterofeachyear.ReadmoreSource(s):EIGEGenderdistributionintheEuropeanParliamentfrom1979to2019GenderdistributionintheEuropeanParliament1979-2019MenWomen30%100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%16%18%19%26%31%35%37%41%84%82%81%74%70%69%65%63%59%19791984198919941999200420092014201931/statistics/300456/eu-parlament-turnout-for-the-european-electionsIn2019,41percentoftheelectedmembersofparliament(MPs)werewomen,anincreaseoffourpercentcomparedtothepreviouselectoralperiodat37percentofMPs.OveralltheshareoffemaleMPshasmorethandoubledduringthistime.

ReadmoreNote(s):EU;1979to2019Source(s):EuropeanParliamentIndustrieswiththehighestshareoffemaledirectorsonboardsinEuropefrom2016to2021IndustrieswiththehighestshareofwomenboarddirectorsinEurope2016-2021Shareoffemaledirectors202115%2018201620%0%5%10%25%30%35%33.4%40%ConsumerbusinessFinancialservicesManufacturing27.7%24.5%32.4%26%23.5%30.4%25%21.2%32Description:TheshareofwomenonboardsinthefinancialservicesindustryinEuropeincreasedgraduallybetween2016and2021.In2016,23.5percentofthedirectorswerefemale.By2018,theshareoffemaledirectorsincreasedto26percent.Asof2021,theshareofwomenonboardsinthefinancialservicesindustryinEuropewas32.4percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2016to2021Source(s):DeloitteFemaleshareofseatsonboardsofthelargestpubliclylistedcompaniesinselectedEuropeancountriesin2019FemaleshareofseatsonboardsofthelargestcompaniesinEurope201950%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%33Description:In2019,Icelandhadthehighestshareoffemaleseatsonboardsofthelargestpubliclylistedcompaniesat45.9percent,whencomparedwithotherEuropeancountries.Inthesameyear,Estoniahadthelowestshareoffemalesincompanyboardrooms,atjust9.4percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2019Source(s):OECDWomenbusinessownersshareinEuropein2019,bycountryWomenbusinessownersshareinEurope2019,bycountryShareofthetotalbusinessowners0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%RussiaPortugalSpain31.2%30.2%29.9%HungaryPoland28.4%28%UnitedKingdomBelgium27.9%27.8%SwitzerlandRomaniaGermanyFrance26.6%26.4%25.7%25.5%25.2%ItalyIreland22.9%34Description:ThisstatisticdisplaysthewomenbusinessownersshareinEuropein2019,bycountry.In2019,thelargestpercentageofEuropeanwomenbusinessownerscouldbefoundinRussia,atnearlyone-thirdofthetotalbusinessowners.InIreland,ontheotherhand,only22.9percentofthebusinessownerswerefemale.ThehighestscoreworldwidewasvisibleinUganda,at38.2percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2019Source(s):MasterCardShareofmanagersintheworkforcewhoarefemalein2020,inselectedEuropeancountriesShareoffemalemanagersinEurope202050%45%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%35Description:In2020LatviahadthehighestshareoffemalemanagersamongselectedEuropeancountries,at46.9percent,withPolandfollowingat43.3percent.Bycontrast,theNetherlandshadthelowestshareoffemalemanagers,atjust26.2percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2020;*2019DataReadmoreSource(s):OECDPercentageofpopulationinvolvedinbusinessstart-upsinEuropein2021,bycountryandgenderGenderdistributionofearly-stageentrepreneursinEuropebycountry2021PercentageofpopulationMale

Female15%0%5%10%18.2%15.5%15.5%14.2%20%25%12%30%35%LatviaNetherlandsCroatia13%9.2%BelarusUnitedKingdomIreland12.9%10.9%11.3%14.2%13.7%SwitzerlandSwedenCyprusRussianFederationRomania12.3%11.8%10.8%10.2%9.8%7.2%6%6.1%6.6%9.6%Finland9.4%6.4%36Description:AccordingtodatafromtheGlobalEntrepreneurshipMonitor,in2021,18.2percentofthetotalfemalepopulationofLatviaand12percentofthetotalmalepopulationinLatviawereinvolvedinearly-stageentrepreneurialactivity.TheNetherlandsisthecountryinEuropewiththemostequaldistributionofearly-stageentrepreneurs(TEA)bygender.NocountryinEuropehasahigherfemalepercentageofTEAandoftenthefemalepercentageismuchlowerthanthoseofmales.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2021;about2,000percountry;18-64years;dataiscomposedoftheAdultPopulationSurveyandtheNationalExpertSurveySource(s):GEMShareoffemaledirectorsonboardsinthefinancialservicesindustryinEuropein2021,bycountryShareofwomenonboardsinthefinancialservicessectorinEurope2021,bycountryShareoffemaledirectors20%

25%0%5%10%15%30%35%40%45%45.5%45.4%50%NorwayFranceSweden38.2%Italy36%35.4%BelgiumUnitedKingdomDenmarkNetherlandsAustria33.3%32.6%31.6%31.3%Spain27.9%27.2%PolandGermanySwitzerland27.2%27.1%37Description:Asof2021,NorwayrankedfirstintermsoftheshareofwomendirectorsonboardsinthefinancialservicesindustryamongEuropeancountries.InNorway,45.5percentoftheboardseatsweretakenbywomen.NorwaywasfollowedcloselybyFrance,with45.4percentofthedirectorseatsfilledbywomen.Theshareoffemaledirectorsexceeded35percentinSweden,Italy,andBelgium.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2021Source(s):DeloitteShareoffemaleinformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICT)specialistsinEuropein2022,bycountryFemalerepresentationamongICTspecialistsinEurope2022,bycountryShareofICTspecialists0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%BulgariaRomaniaEstoniaFinlandNorthMacedonia*SerbiaSwedenLithuaniaLatviaDenmarkIrelandCyprusLuxembourg38Description:Asof2022,Bulgariahadthelargestshareofwomenamongemployedinformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICT)specialistsinEurope,witharound29percentofthepositionsbeingheldbywomen.AcrossallcountriesintheEU27,nearly19percentoftheemployedICTspecialistswomen.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2022;*Figuresrepresent2020values.**Figuresrepresent2019values.

ReadmoreSource(s):EurostatCHAPTER

05Publicopinionongender(in)equalityShareofpeopleinselectedEuropeancountrieswhobelievethatsexualviolenceisoneofthetopthreeissuesfacingwomenintheircountry*Europeanswhothinkthatsexualviolencetowardswomenisanimportantissue2019Shareofrespondents0%5%10%15%20%25%30%29%35%40%45%44%50%SpainItaly33%SwedenFrance22%22%PolandNetherlandsBelgiumGreatBritainSerbia21%19%18%15%15%GermanyRussia12%Hungary8%40Description:ThisstatisticpresentstheshareofpeoplewhothinkinselectedEuropeancountrieswhothinksexualviolenceisoneofthetopthreeissuesfacingwomenasof2019.AccordingtodatapublishedbyIpsos,Spainhadthehighestshareofpeoplewhosexualviolencewasoneofthemostimportantissuesat44percentofrespondents.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;December21,2018toJanuary4,2019;Approximately8,500**;16-64;*Theoriginalquestionwaswordedbythesourceasfollows:"Whichtwoorthree,ifanyofthefollowing,d