大型商超暖通设计要求

PAGEPAGE16General概述TheHVACSpecificationisappliedforallthestoresofChina,whichguidethedesign,procurement,construction&finalacceptanceworksofthestoresconversion，upgraded,retrofitsorrenovatedandexpansion.Thesalesarea,shoppingmall,office,storage,facilitiesplant,receivingyard,etcareinvolved.Thedetailedfunctionsareasfollowings:本规范应用于中华人民共和国范围内xxx的所有新建，改建的超级市场。xxx超市的功能分布包括卖场区，商铺区，仓库区，办公区及设备辅助用房。Insalesareathegoodsliketheappliance,fabric,grocery,bakery,fish,meat,salarbar,vegetable,fruit,makeup,steamed&friedfoods,etcaresold.其中卖场区包括化妆品，家电，服装，杂货食品，肉课，鱼课，沙拉吧，面包房，熟食，中式点心，蔬果等销售区域。Inshoppingmallareathevariousofrentshopsareoccupied,suchasthekindsofrestaurants,foodcourt,dress&shoesshop,laundryshop,bakery,beautyshop,teashop,drugstoreandsoon.其中商铺区包括各种餐饮，食街，服装鞋类，洗衣店，面包蛋糕店，美容，茶类，药房等小型商铺。Theeachdepartmentofthestoreoccupiestheofficeandexecutesthedailybusiness.Thestoremanageroffice,finicaloffice,securityoffice,cashieroffice,maintenanceoffice,conferenceroom,lockerroom,negotiationroom,smokeroom&canteen,etcareusuallynecessary.办公区包括店长办公室，财务办公室，保安办公室，收银办公室，维修办公室，会议室，更衣室，谈判间等。Thestorageisnormallykeepingthetemporarygoodsforrevolving,thegoodsarearrangedbythedepartment.Normallythereisthevaluableandexpansivegoodsstorageinside.仓库区包括各类商品的临时普通仓库及精品贵重物品仓库，收货区及收货办公室等。Thereceivingyardisconnectedtooutside,transferredandthestafftakeoverthegoodsatthisarea.收货区是和室外相通，收货人员在此接收货物。Thefacilityplantincludethesubstation,powerdistributionplant,chillers&pumpsplant,refrigerantequipmentsplant,AHUplantandsoon,whichareseveredforthewholestore.辅助设备房包括变配电间，区域配电间，冷冻机和泵房，制冷设备间，空调箱房等，其中的设备都服务于整个店。Allkindsofareashouldbeconsidereddependingontheirparticularfunction.各种功能的区域的空调设计必须分别的考虑在设计中。Allspecifications,standards,rules,requirementsoftestsandcommissioninglistedinthisbookletaremainlyfordesignorconstructionhintsandreferencesonly.Allequipmentslistedarealsoforthedesignreferences.CARREFOURwillselectthesimilarequipmentswithaccordancewiththeresultsoftenders.本标准提出的所有规范、标准、规格、测试与验收要求仅作为设计或施工指南与参考。其中的设备选型仅供设计时参考，CARREFOUR根据最后招标的结果采用相近品牌或型号的产品DesignInstituteorContractorshallcompletethewholeconstructionworkswithaccordancetothelatestversionofspecifications,standards,regulationsandcodeofpracticewhichissuedbynationalandregionalgovernment,andrequirementsbyCARREFOURwhichlistedinthedesigncontractandortenderandmustco-ordinatewithlocalcodesandregulations.设计院或承包商都必须按照最新的国家和当地规范、标准和技术要求,以及CARREFOUR对每一项目的具体设计委托书或招标书要求完成整个建筑工程，并与当地的条例和法规相协调。EverysystemlistedinthisbookletisthegeneraldescriptionsofcompletedsystemofCARREFOUR,theremaybediscrepanciesamongareasinChina本标准中的各系统是对CARREFOUR完整系统的一般性描述，全国各地情况不同,具体可能会有所差别。DesignPrincipleandStandard设计依据ApprovedArchitecturalProposal批准的建筑设计方案CARREFOUR’designdataandrequirements.由CARREFOUR提供的设计资料及要求Designdatabyrelevantprofessionalinstitutions相关专业提供的设计资料RelevantnationalspecificationsforHVAC,applicableitemsincludingbutnotlimitedtoarelistedasfollowings:暖通专业有关的国家规范，适用的规范条目包括但不限于如下：SpecificationsforAcceptanceandInspectionsforConstructionQualityforHVAC《通风与空调工程施工质量验收规范》（GB50243-2002）SpecificationforDesignCriteriaforHVAC《通风与空调工程施工验收规范》（GBJ243—82）SpecificationforAcceptanceofInstallationforRefrigerationandAirSeparationEquipment《制冷设备、空气分离设备安装工程施工及验收规范》（GB50274-98）SpecificationforAcceptanceofInstallationforAirCompressor,FanandWaterPumps《压缩机、风机、泵安装工程施工及验收规范》（GB50275-98）StandardNoiseLevelforUrbanEnvironments《城市环境噪声标准》（GB3096-82）DesignSpecificationforFireProtectionforArchitecturalPremises《建筑设计防火规范》（GBJ16—87）DesignSpecificationforFireProtectionforHighRiseBuilding《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》（GB50045—95）SpecificationforAcceptanceofconstructionforThermalInsulationforIndustrialEquipmentandPiping《工业设备及管道绝热工程施工及验收规范》（GBJ126—89）TechnicalSpecificationforSmokePreventionandExtractionforCivilPremises《民用建筑防排烟技术规程》（DBJ08-88-2000）RequirementOfDesignDrawingSpecification设计图纸要求ThecontentofHVACdesigndocumentshouldincludeaslistedfollowing:所有的暖通文件和图纸必须包括以下各项：DrawingList图纸目录DescriptionsofDesignandConstruction设计及施工说明Layoutplan,Systemplan,SectionalDrawingsandDetailDrawings平面图、系统图、剖面图、详图MainEquipmentandMaterialLists主要设备及材料表CalculationSheet计算书Allthedrawingsincludedshouldbeconductedinaccordancewithinternationalunitsandshouldbecomplete,accurateandeasytoreadandendupwithnomistakesaftercheck-correction.DesigndrawingsshouldalsobeexaminedbyCARREFOURandrelevantauthoritiesfortheirapproval.其中图纸必须以国标为基础绘制，做到完整、准确、清晰，且经过校审无误（规范无误、技术要求合理无误、实际使用无误），并顺利通过CARREFOUR与政府要求的图纸审核。Ifsomeareaarenotclearlyshowninthedrawings,detaileddrawingsandpartplanmustbeprovided.Otherwise,relateddetailsofinstallationandconstructionshouldbeshownonthelayoutplansandsystemdrawings.Theschematicdrawingshallbedrawnbythediagramtype.Allthemainperformancedataofequipmentshallbeindicated.TheequipmentblockshallbeusetheCADblocksuppliedbytheequipmentsupplier.应当指出的是，若图纸在局部区域无法明显示出，则须绘出局部详图。另外，要求在各平面图、系统图示出各相关细节施工安装详图。其中系统图必须按照流程图绘制。设备的主要技术参数必须标注在其上.Therelativeelevationofallkindsofductshallbeverifiedcarefully,whichavoidtheunreasonablespacemanagementbetweenair-supply,air-return,fresh-air,de-smoke,makeup-air,etc.必须校验所有风管的相对标高，走向及位置，避免送风，回风，新风，排烟，补风等各风管交叉时的不合理布置，造成现场施工标高的失控。Air-conditionRegionOfChina区域分布Dependingontheadministrationmanagement,CarrefourChinaisdividedinto4regionsasfollowing.根据xxx的行政管理，xxx中国划分成4个区域如下：Region区域TypicalCity代表性城市EastRegion华东区Shanghai上海,Nanjing南京,Wuxi无锡,Suzhou苏州,Hangzhou杭州,Nantong南通,Hefei合肥,Zhengzhou郑州,Luoyang洛阳,Xuzhou徐州,Ma’anshan马鞍山,Bengbu蚌埠NorthRegion北方区Beijing北京,Harbin哈尔滨,Tianjin天津,Qingdao青岛,Jinan济南,Shenyang沈阳,Dalian大连SouthRegion南方区Guangzhou广州,Zhuhai珠海¸Foshan佛山,Kunming昆明,Xiamen厦门,Fuzhou福州,Haikou海口,Shenzhen深圳,Dongguan东莞CentralRegion中西部区Chengdu成都,Chongqin重庆,Wuhan武汉,Urumqi乌鲁木齐,Xi’an西安Chinahasthehugeterritory.Thedifferentgeographiclocationandmeteorologicalclimatethereareinthevariouscities.Generallyintheconstructionfield,theFrostZone,HibernalZone,HotSummer&ChillWinterZone,HotSummer&WarmWinterZoneandWarmZoneareseparatedinaccordancewiththeclimateconditionofChina.IthasthegreatimpacttotheHVACdesign.中国有着巨大的版图。各地的地理位置气象条件各异。一般来说，中国的建筑业将中国按气候条件分成严寒地区，寒冷地区，夏热冬冷地区，夏热冬暖地区和温暖地区。各地的不同气象条件对于空调的设计起着巨大的影响。SowhenthedesignerdecidetheenclosingstructureandcalculatetheHVACload,thelocalclimateparametershouldbecompliedwiththefollowingstandardorregulations.特此在进行负荷气象计算，围护结构设计时，必须符合以下各标准执行：《SpecificationforDesignCriteriaforHVAC》（GB50019—2003）《采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》（GB50019—2003）《Criterionoftheportionoftheclimateprovince》（GB50178－93）《建筑气候区划标准》（GB50178－93）《EnergySavingCriterionforthePublicBuilding》（GB50189—2005）《公共建筑节能设计标准》（GB50189—2005）BasicPrincipleofHVACSystemxxx空调系统的一般原则TheCarrefourHVACSystemshallbeaccordingtothefollowingbasicprinciples:xxx超市的暖通系统必须按以下基本原则综合考虑：Theinvestmentcostofprocurementandinstallationshallbeconsidered.采购设备以及安装的费用及投资Thelayoutrequirementofequipmentsandduct&pipeline’sspace.设备，管线的建筑空间分布需求Thereliableandeasymaintenanceofequipmentsystem.设备系统的维修及其可靠性SimplyandoperationalAutomaticControlSystem简单操控性的自动控制系统CapacityLoadofDesign设计的负荷计算ParameterofDesign综合数据：Beforethedesign&calculation,thefollowingparameterandsituationshallbeknownandlistedinthecalculationsheet.在设计和计算之前，以下参数和条件必须了解并且列出在计算书上。TheCharacteroftheBuilding(material,components,size,façadecolorandsharp,etc)建筑的特征（建筑材料、构成的尺寸、建筑外表面的颜色和形状等）Thelocationofthebuilding(location,face,shade,solarreflect&shadeoftheneighborbuilding,etc)建筑的设置（建筑的位置、朝向、建筑的遮阳，临近建筑的日照反射和遮阳的性能等）Theoutdoorparameterfordesign&calculation室外设计计算参数Theindoorparameterfordesign&calculation室内设计计算参数OperationscheduleofCarrefourstore(lights,staff,customs,appliance,equipment,anyproceduretoeffectair-conditionload)超市营运时间表（照明，人员，设备，器具，任何影响负荷确定的工作流程）Date&Time(peakloaddate&peakloadtime)日期和时间（考虑负荷计算的尖峰日期和尖峰时间）GeneralDesignDataBelow（Justforreference）下列一般的设计数据(仅供参考)

区域Area夏季Summer冬季Winter人员密度PeopleDensity新风量FA换气次数AirChange噪声要求NoiseLevel备注Remarks温度(℃)Temp.相对湿度(%)RH温度(℃)Temp.相对湿度(%)RH(m2/p)(m3/h.p)(h-1)dB(A)卖场区SalesArea26-28＜6518-20＞303~4202~455正压Positive.Pressure.出租商铺ShoppingMall26-28＜6518-20＞304202~455美食广场Foodcourt26-28＜6518-20＞302204~655保持相对负压keepnegativeairpressure办公室Office24-26/18-22＞s407.530~406~1050变频空调,新风、排风管路系统VRVtypeA/C,freshairandexhaustsystemUPS房,电脑机房UPSRoomComputerroom22＜6020＞40///50除VRV外，增设分体空调Besidevrv,EachroomSplittypeA/Cunit消防控制室收货办公室Firecontrolroomreceivingoffice24-26/20-22////50分体空调SplittypeA/Cunit生鲜冷柜区ProducePrep.Room.////////不送风Noair-condition.仓库Warehouse.28-30/》10/////夏季考虑供冷，寒冷地区供暖ColdareaArea区域AirChange换气次数NoiseLevel噪声要求备注(h-1)dB(A)Warehouse/Store仓库/储藏室2~455Accordingtospecification按规范要求设置通风及防排烟系统Mainentrance/exit主出入口/55Naturalventilation,aircurtainwillbeinstalledforthemainentrance.positivepressure自然通风，入口处如果是单门设置风幕机,正压.寒冷地区设热风幕机。HV-LVRM.高低压变配电间10~3055Accordingtoheatdissipationbyequipment,naturalairintake.Mechanicalventilation按设备发热量计算，自然进风，机械排风PowerdistributionRM配电间6~855Mechanicalventilation,naturalairintake机械排风，自然进风Toilets卫生间20~3055Mechanicalventilation,mechanicalairintake机械排风，自然进风Garbageroom垃圾房4~655Mechanicalventilation,机械排风，自然进风Smokingroom.吸烟室10~2055Mechanicalventilation,naturalairintake机械排风，自然进风Locksroom更衣室4~655Mechanicalventilation,naturalairintake机械排风，自然进风Compressorroom压缩机房》3055Mechanicalventilation,naturalairintake机械排风，自然进风CoolingLoad制冷负荷：ThemethodofcoolingloadcalculationisusedbyTFM(transferfunctionmethodbyASHRAEHandbookofFundamentals).Thebelowitemsarethenecessarydatabycalculation,whichdecidethecoolingloadfortheHVACsystem.Thedatashallbelistedandrecordedinthecalculationsheet.传递函数法是xxx计算空调负荷的方法。以下的是计算空调冷负荷所必须计算的各项数据，这些数据必须在计算书中列出。Heatgainthroughfenestration通过外窗的得热量Heatgainfromtheenclosingstructure通过围护结构的得热量Heatgainbyinfiltration渗透空气带入室内的热量People人体散热量Lighting照明散热量HeatgainfromAppliance,Equipmentandothersindoor.设备，器具，管道其他室内热源散入室内的热量Hotmaterialandfoods,etc热物料和食品等的散热量OtherlatentheatgainfromtheMiscellaneousSource各种散湿的潜热散热量Heatgainfromfans&duct风机、风管的温升Heatgainfrompumps,pipesandtanks冷水泵、冷水管和冷水箱等温升的附加冷负荷Airleakageandwaterleakage其他冷损失（例如混合损失，风管泄漏，回风损失）Latentandsensibleheatgainbyfreshair新风的冷负荷和湿负荷HeatingLoad采暖负荷Theheatinglosscalculation(negativeheatgain)isalmostsameasforthecoolingloadexceptforthebelowitemcouldbeconsidered.Theprimaryorientationistowardidentificationofadequatelysizedheatingequipmenttohandlethenormalworst-casecondition.热负荷计算几乎与冷负荷计算相同，只不过以下各项需要在计算中考虑。基本的设计方向就是按照冬季采暖工况下判定最大容量的加热设备去处理最糟糕的冬季极端气候。AccordingtotheexperienceofCarrefour,themainentrance,shopslocatedat1F,theshopsofB1or1Fclosedtothemainentranceof1Fnormallyneedthelargeofheatingcapacitytotreat,especiallyintheFrostZoneandHibernalZone.Howevertheheatingcapacityshallbeconsideredforthesalearea,whichjustforheatingtheminimumfreshairinthewinter.根据xxx的经验，一层的入口和商铺区，接近一层主入口的二层或地下室商铺区是冬季较冷的区域，特别位于严寒和寒冷地区的门店，以上区域往往需要较大的供热负荷，而位于卖场区域仅需要处理最小新风量的供暖负荷。HVACAnalysisandselection空调系统分析及选择Centralized&DecentralizedHVACSystem中央和分散空调系统Dependingonthecharactersbetweencentralizedanddecentralizedsystem,thesystemselectionisregulatedasthebelowbyCarrefour:根据中央和分散空调系统的各自的特性，xxx对于系统的选择作如下规定：TheCentralizedHVACsystemshallbeappliedforallthestores.所有的xxx的门店必须使用中央空调系统。TheofficeareaofallthestoresshallbeusedbytheVRVsystemofDecentralizedHVACsystem.InthefrostzonewheretheoutdoortemperatureisverylowandtheVRVisnotsuitable,sostillconnecttheofficeareawiththestoreair-conditionsystem所有xxx的办公区必须使用VRV分散式空调系统。在那些VRV不合适运行的北方寒冷区域，仍采取与卖场共用空调系统的方式。Theshoppingmallareacouldselectbetweenthetwosystemsdependingonthebuildingspace,HVACcapacityandshoprentedcontract.商铺区的空调系统可以根据建筑空间，空调系统容量和租用商铺合同在两个系统中选择。Unlessthebuildinghasthecriticalspacelimitedorminimuminvestment.AfterapprovedbyCarrefourChinaAssets&ConstructionDepartment,thedecentralizedHVACsystemcouldbeusedfortheparticularstore.除非建筑的空间的限制或者较低的投资预算，在经过xxx中国总部资产工程部同意后，方可使用分散空调系统用于特殊的门店。ThedesignershallprovidethelocalenergyresearchreporttoCarrefourforthedetailedequipmentselection.设计工程师必须提供xxx当地的能源调查报告以便详细设备的选择。TheBoilerorabsorptionchilleroftheCentralizedHeatingSystemshallbefurnishedforheating.Accordingtothelocalenergyresearchreporttheenergycouldbedecidedbetweentheelectricity,naturegasandcitythermalsupply.中央供暖锅炉或者双效吸收式冷冻机组可以被装备为冬季供暖。根据当地的能源调查报告燃料可以由电力，天然气和城市热力之间选择。Thecentrifugalfansarepackedintheairhandlingunit.Theaxialfansjustareusedfortheventilationorde-smokesystem.ThestaticpressureshallbecalculatedbydesignerandthedetailedcalculationreportshallsubmitCarrefourforverification.空调箱的风机使用离心式风机，轴流风机仅应用在部分房间区域的排风排烟中。风机的静压压力必须由设计师计算决定，且详细的计算报告必须递交xxx审阅。TheElectricalChillerandAbsorptionChillerareselectedfortherefrigerationoftheCentralizedsystem,whichdependsonthelocalenergyresearchreport.电冷冻机组和吸收式制冷机组可以被作为中央空调系统的制冷系统选择，依据为当地的能源调查报告。SpaceRequirement空间需求EquipmentRoom设备房Chillersandpumpsroomshallbeapproachtothemainsubstationandsupplytheenoughspaceformaintaining.Thelocationshouldbeeasyofinstallationandreplacement.Theequipmentsizeandweightshouldbeconsideredinthestructuredesign.Thetreatmentrelativetothecombustionairandventilationair,andnoiseandvibrationtransmissionshouldbeconsidered.Thecoolingtowershallbeatleast30mawayfromtheresidence.Thechillers&pumpsroomarerecommendedtolocateontheroofandbesidethecoolingtower.冷冻机房和泵房必须靠近变配电站并且必须有足够的空间为今后的维修。其选择的位置必须方便吊运安装和今后的更换。结构设计中必须考虑设备的尺寸和重量。高温的废气和一定量排风，噪音和振动的传递必须被考虑。冷却塔的设置必须远离居民住宅和办公住宅至少30米。冷冻机房和水泵房推荐设置在屋顶靠近冷却水塔处。AHURoom空调箱机房WhenlocatingandarrangementtheAHUroom，installation,replacementandmaintenancespaceshallbeconsider.Asusualthefilter,coils,fansandshaftshallbemaintainedduringoperationterm.Theairintakeshallbeawayfromthecarparkingorothercontaminatedair.AHU&fansplantroomshouldbelocatedontherooforthebasement,whichshouldbeoutofthecommercialarea.Theductshallgothroughviatheverticaldraft.当定位和安排空调箱机房时，必须考虑今后安装，更换和维修保养的空间。通常空调箱的过滤网，盘管，风机和转轴会进行保养和维修工作。空调箱机房和风机房必须设置在屋顶或地下室，不得设置在商业区域和楼层，风管通过垂直竖井穿越。VerticalShaft垂直竖井Thewater/airdistributionisviatheverticalshafttoeacharea,thecivilengineershallberequestedtoensurethedesignoftheshaftairtight.Theshaftoftheventilation,airsupply,airreturnandde-smokeshallbedivided.水或风系统经由垂直竖井递送至各个区域，要求土建工程师确保垂直竖井的密封性的设计。排风，排烟，送风和回风的竖井必须分开。AirDistributionSystem空调风系统AllairsystemshallbedesignedforCarrefourstores.Thedesignofthenormalallairsystemconsistsofsinglezoneair-handlingunit(AHU)andairdistributionsystem.xxx设计为全空气系统，其设计由单一区域的空调箱和送风系统组成。HeatingandcoolingloadisaccordingtotheregulationofChapter2.CapacityLoadofDesign.TheHVACdesignershouldcooperatewiththearchitectureEngineerforoptimizingtheenvelopdesignsothatCarrefourcouldusethesmallerMechanicalsystem.Designeralsoshouldlearnallthecomponentsofthesystemandtherelationshipofthepsychometricchart.冷热负荷计算参见第二条设计的负荷计算。空调设计工程师必须和建筑师在建筑的围护结构设计上充分地协作，以便xxx能够使用尽量小的机械系统。设计师也必须充分了解系统的各个部件，以及和焓湿图的关系。AccordingtotheexperienceofCAREFOUR,themainentrance,shoppingmall,cashierlineandreceivingyardisdifficulttocoolandheat.Inthislocationtheseparatedcoolingorheatingunitfortreatingtheaircamefromoutdoor.根据xxx的经验主入口，商铺区，收银线和收货区是很难冷却和加热的。在这些地点独立的空调和设备必须设置来处理从室外进入的空气。Lowspeedfullairsystemcanbeusedinsalesarea,foodareaandleasearea.ThecombinationairhandunitislocatedatAHUroomwherefreshairandreturnairareintroduced.Fancoilunitplusfreshairsystemcanalsobeusedwhentheductsystemisdifficulttoplace.卖场、美食广场及租赁区等场所可采用低速全空气系统，设置空调机房，采用组合式空调柜集中送风，新风及回风尽量从空调机房引入设备，在管路设计有困难时，个别区域也可采用吊挂式空调箱进行补充。Theairsupplymethodofthelargetemperaturedifferenceandlowtemperatureshouldbecalculateddetailedinthecalculationsheet.Thecondensation,airmovementandhumidifyissueshallbetreatedcompletely.大温差低温送风系统必须在计算书中详细计算。结露，空气输送和湿度控制的问题必须得到完全的处理。HeatingsystemofAHUfortheFrostZone,thehotwatercoilofAHUwithboilersystemshallbeapplied.TheHibernalZoneandHotSummer&ChillWinterZone,theelectricityheaterinAHUshallbeapplied.Otherareaheatingsystemcouldn’tbeconsidered.严寒地区必须使用AHU热水盘管加锅炉系统采暖。寒冷地区和使用AHU电加热系统采暖。其他地区不必考虑采暖。Forenergyconservations,keepminimumfreshairrate，Intransitionalweather,freshairrateashouldbeenlargedtokeepsufficientairchange。Thefreshairductshouldbedesignedbyconsidering100%oftheventilationvolume,theamountoffreshairandreturnairmustbecontrolbythemotorizedcontroldamper.在空调季节应采用最小新风量，以节能；在过渡季节则应增大新风量。新风管按送风量的70%考虑，通过设置电动比例积分阀门来调节新风，回风量大小。AsuctiondamperforminimumairintakeandanothermotorizedautomaticdamperformaximumairintakearerecommendedintheAHUdesign.TheairtightdamperswiththeinsulationshallbeusedinFrostandHibernalZone.建议设置1个保持最小新风量的新手动风阀和1个可调节至最大新风量的新风电动控制阀在AHU的设计中。严寒地带和寒冷地带必须使用密闭式保温新风阀。Themake-upairdesigninfightfightingsystemcouldbeusebyAHU.Thecontrolsystemshallbeprogrammedintheconsole.消防补风系统可以使用AHU空调箱。控制编程可以在消防控制主机上实现。Theboardtypede-smokelouvercan’tbeusedinCarrefour.Theleaftypede-smokelouvershouldbeapplied.板式排烟口不得在xxx范围使用，xxx必须使用多叶排烟电动排烟风口。Foreasyadjustmentandbalancingoftheairrate,manualormotorizedcontroldampershallbeinstalledatsuitablelocations.Suchasmanualdamperonthebranchfreshairduct,manualdampersatthesupply/returnairductforceilingtypea/cunit,manualdampersatthebranchsupplyairductorselfcontainedVCDatthesupplyairgrilles,manualdampersatthebranchesofextractionairduct.为方便风量调节和风量平衡，在风管适当的地方应安装手动或电动调节阀，如新风支管上安装手动调节阀，在吊顶式空调箱的回风或出风位置安装手动调节阀，在送风支管安装手动调节阀或风口自带调节阀，在排油烟支管上安装手动调节阀，等等。Totalheatrecoveryexchangerisrecommendedtohandletheintakeairfortheofficearea,storageandshoppingmallarea.建议使用全热交换器处理供应商铺区，仓库和办公室的新风系统。HydraulicSystem空调水系统ChillerSourceSelection设备源选择Designinstituteshouldfullyunderstandthelocalconditionsofweather,energyandwatersource;helpCARREFOURtoselectthesuitableA/Csystem.AndwithreferenceofCARREFOURselectedequipmentprocessthesystemdesign,alsoselectthesystemwhichhasreliableperformance,lowpriceinvestmentandlowrunningcost.Thefirstcost,reliablelife,spacerequirement,localenergypolicy,maintenance&operationcostimpactedwhatkindofchillersourceisselected.设计院应充分了解当地的气候状况，能源及水源状况，有义务协助CARREFOUR进行空调系统的选择，并按照CARREFOUR的设备选型进行系统设计，选用性能可靠、初投资低、运行费用低的系统。冷冻机冷源选择根据当地的能源政策，设备可靠的使用寿命，一次性投资，建筑空间的需求和维修保养运行费用来决定的。Inthefrostandhibernalzonetheheatingsystemcouldbeselected,theabsorptionchillercouldbeapplied(thefirstcostandgovernmentpolicyshallbeconsidered),ifthepriceofthenaturegas,steamisreasonableandeconomic.Ifthebothoftheenergyareunreasonableanddifficult,theelectricalboilercouldbeappliedfortheheatingsystem.在严寒和寒冷地区采暖系统可以被选择,如果当地的天然气和城市热力系统价格合理且经济的情况下（必须考虑一次投资的费用和政府政策），吸收式制冷机组可以被使用。如果以上两项的能源不合理或者困难的情况下，电锅炉可以被应用于采暖系统。NoheatingsystemistobedesignedinwinterintheareawheretheoutdoorDBtemperatureisabove-4C.Thehighefficacyelectricalchillercouldbeapplied.冬季空气调节室外计算（干球）温度在-4℃以上的地区可不进行采暖，高效的电气制冷机组可以被使用。Normallydualpipesystemisprovidedforchilled/hotwater,coolingwater.Pressuredifferentialbypasspipetobeprovidedbetweenthesupply&returnmainpipesofthechilled/hotwatersystem.Forenergysaving,atemperaturesensortobeprovidedatthereturnwaterpipeofthechilledwatersystem.空调冷冻/采暖水、冷却水系统一般采用两管制，在冷冻/采暖水系统供回水之主管或分水器集水器之间设差压旁通管路，在冷却水系统供回水主管上设温度传感器，以节能控制。Normally2setsofthesamecapacitychillersareusedinonesystem,andstandbypumpisnecessary.一般设置两组容量相同的主机，冷却/冷冻水泵需设置备用泵。SystemTemperature系统温度7℃/12℃areusuallysetforthetemperatureofinletandoutletchilledwater.AsfortheeconomicrunningandfirstcostinMechanicalsystem,the8℃ofdifferenttemperaturearerecommendedtouseforthechilledwater.7℃/12℃的进出水温通常应用于目前的大部分制冷机组。考虑到辅助的机械系统的投资和经济性运行的费用，8度的温差推荐使用在空调制冷机组中。ExpansionChamber膨胀定压装置Theopenedwatertank&jockeypumpwithclosedcompressedtankcouldbeusedinChillerwatersystem.Consideringtheeconomicrunningandeasymaintenance,theopenedwatertankcouldbeusedfortheheightofthebuildinglowerthan24m.Ifthesystemishigherthan24m,thejockeypumpsystemcouldbeappliedforit.膨胀定压装置可以使用膨胀水箱定压或者成套式定压装置。考虑到日后的经济性运行和方便的维修保养工作。低于24m的建筑使用膨胀水箱定压方式，高于24m的高层建筑使用成套定压装置。StrictHydraulicCalculation严格的水力计算Normallythedesignerestimatethepressuredrop,flowrate,etcofpipebytheexperience,whichcausethepowerofdistributionequipmenthasreasonableandnotefficiencyandeconomic.Thestricthydrauliccalculationshallbeexecutedtodecidethepowerofdistributionequipment.TheprocessshallbelistedinthecalculationsheetandsubmittedforCARREFOURverification.通常设计师经常通过经验估算管道的压力损失和流速流量，其造成分配设备的电功率的不合理和低效不经济的运行。严格的水力计算被要求来决定设备的性能参数，其计算过程必须列举在计算书上且递交xxx审核。PipeInsulation管道保温RubberPlasticInsulationshallbeappliedfortheinsulationofchilledwaterpipe.Thethicknessoftheinsulationshallcomplywiththeeconomicinsulationregulationoftheenergysavingcodeofthepublicbuildingofnationalandlocal.橡塑保温要求被应用于空调水管及风管的保温。保温厚度的要求必须符合国家和地方的公共建筑节能标准中对空调水管及风管的经济性厚度的要求及规定。Isolation&AcousticControl空调设备隔振与噪音控制Thehighefficiency&lownoiselevelshallbeapplied.所有通风机和水泵选用高效率，低噪音型Theductconnectedtothefansshouldn’thavethesuddenbend.TheflowdeflectorshallbesetatallthebendandTeeduct.通风机进出口的管道不得急剧转弯，所有弯头三通支管必须设置导流叶片。Mainlytheisolationshallbetreatedconcerningtheacousticcontroloftheplantroom,thentheacousticabsorbing.Theplantroomshallbetreatedbyacousticabsorbingaccordingtotheneighborroomorbuilding.Theenclosedmaterial,sealingtheholesshallbeapplied.机房噪音控制，应以隔声隔振为主，吸声为辅。机房应根据邻近房间或建筑物的允许噪音标准，采取必要的隔声措施。机房围护结构，孔洞处必须填充密实。IncaseoftheRPMofthemotorlowerthan1500r/min,thespringisolatorshallbeapplied.IftheRPMmorethan1500r/min,therubberisolatorshallbeused.当设备转速小于或等于1500r/min时，应选用弹簧隔振器；设备转速大于1500r/min时，应选用橡胶等弹性材料的隔振垫或橡胶隔振器。Accordingtotheregulationof‘thecodeofacousticcontrolofthedowntownarea’,inthestorethenoiseshallbecontrolledin60dBAonday.50dBAshallbecontrolledinonnight.Theresidentareaonday55dBAshallbecontrolledandinnight45dBAshallbecontrolled.根据国家“城市区域环境噪声标准”等效声级(dBA)相关规定，超市内白天控制噪音低于60dBA,夜晚控制噪音低于50dBA.。居民住宅区域噪音控制在白天低于55dBA，夜晚低于45dBA。Specialacousticcontrolisontheequipmentoutofthebuilding.SuchastheexternalunitofVRVunit,coolingtower,plantroomoutofthebuildingshallbeconsideroftheirlocationandneighborbuildingsinthedesign.Theacousticabsorbingboardcouldbedesignedforthenoiseoftheequipmentscontrolledintheregulatedrange.特别是屋顶或室外的设备，如VRV分体空调室外机，空调冷却塔或者设置在室外或屋顶上的冷冻机房，水泵房，风机房，做好隔振和消音处理。设计中必须确定其定位的地点与周围的居民居住建筑的距离。如万不得已的设置，必要的减噪隔音处理的措施必须在设计中考虑，确保设备的噪音控制在国家规定的范围之内。KitchenExhaust厨房排油烟HoodType排烟罩的形式ATypeIhoodisusedforcollectionandremovalofgreaseandsmoke.Itincludeslistedgreasefilters,baffles,orextractorsforremovalofthegreaseandfiresuppressionequipment.形式I的排烟罩用于收集和移除油烟，其包括油过滤，折流板或油分离器，甚至灭火装置。Thehoodsizeisrelationtothesizeofcookappliance.Thehoodmustextendbeyondtheappliance.Thesuspendingtypeisusualused.排烟罩的尺寸和厨房设备有关。排烟罩必须延伸至超出设备的大小。Theflowrateiscalculatedbythefollowingequals.排风量根据以下的公式计算。Q=0.75A,Q(m3/s),A(areaofhoodopening)Thestaticpressuredropofthehoodisdependingonthespecificationoftheproduct.Generaldataislistedforreference.Baffles=190~250Pa,Extractor=420Pa.排烟罩的静压损失根据产品的样本计算，这里所列的参数仅供参考。折流板约190～250Pa，油分离器约450Pa。ATypeIIhoodisforcollectionandremovalofsteam,vapor,heat,andodorswheregreaseisnotpresent.Itmayormaynothavegreasefiltersorbafflesandtypicallydoesnothaveafiresuppressionsystem.形式II的排烟罩只是收集和移除不含油脂的蒸汽，水蒸气热量和气味，所以其可以不包括油过滤，折流板或者灭火装置。Theflowrateiscalculatedbythefollowingequals.排风量根据以下的公式计算。Q=0.45A,Q(m3/s),A(areaofhoodopening)Bakerypreparedroom/SaladBarareaneedthesmokeextractionsystem.面包房/油炸柜/烤鸡炉/蒸包台/煮面炉/等需要排油烟处理Exhaustairductpartinfreshareashallbemadebygalvanizedsteelsheet,atleast1.2mmthick.Theslopeofhorizontalairductshallbegreaterthat2%andslanttoexhausthood.Theairvelocityshallbe7~9m/s.theductshouldbeheatpreservation.生鲜区排油烟管道采用镀锌钢板制作，厚度为1.2mm以上。水平管道要有2%以上的坡度，坡向排气罩。排油烟管中的风速一般采用7～９m/s。排油烟管在卖场区需保温。Externalmountedcentrifugaloraxialfanshallbeusedforsmokeextractionfanunit.Itcanworkunderhightemperatureforalongtime.ThewateranddustingressionprotectionlevelforthefanfixedatexternalorroofshouldbeIP56.排油烟风机应选用电机外置的离心或者轴流风机，且在高温下能够长时间工作；放置于室外或屋顶的风机其防水防尘等级应达到IP56.Calculationofoilysmokeextractionrate:isbasedonNationalTechnicalMeasuresfordesignHVAC,theairvelocityshouldabove0.5m/sattheexhausthood.Airreplenishratefortheclosekitchenshouldbeconsidered.排油烟量的计算：参见《全国民用建筑工程技术措施》。封闭厨房间必须考虑补风。Alivefishtankareashouldbesetairexhaust.Airflowisabout8%~10%ofexhaust.活鱼售卖区需设置排风，消除异味。按生鲜区排油烟量的8~10%估算。Neartotherestaurantandfresharea,theextractionshaftshallbedesignedandreserved.生鲜区和餐饮区附近须预留排油烟通道。EMSControl能源控制TheenergycontrolisachievedviathefollowingoptionalmethodsbyEMScontrolsystem.通过能源控制系统对AHU作如下控制以达到能源控制的目的。ThezonetemperaturesensorsignalisusedtomodulatetheAHUwatervalveviaUVCcontrolmodule.Zonetemperaturesensoristobeinstalledataheightof2.5m,inordertomaintaincomfortandalsotoavoidenergywasteabove2.5mandhigher.,Usinga0-10VDCanaloguesignaltocontrolthechilledwatervalve.ByusingProportional-Integral(PI)orProportional-Integral-Derivative(PID)algorithmcontrol,thiscanensureanaccurate,stableandreliabletemperaturecontrol,andthuscanhelpreducethechillerload.Ducttemperatures