高中英语各种文体的阅读方法(教师版)

阅读理解——应试点睛中学英语不同文体的阅读方法做阅读理解题时，方法很重要。针对不同的题型和不同的题材和体裁应实行不同的方法，这样才会收到事半功倍的效果。1．快速略读定主题：略读法是快速阅读中的一种方法。略读的关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是捕获大致的信息以便了解文章主旨和大意。利用略读阅读时，要特殊留意文章首尾两段，因为文章的第一段往往点明文章的中心思想，而文章的最终一段则常常总结归纳或重述文章首段的主题句，这是阅读高效省时的一条捷径，通常把每段主题句的意思综合起来就是全文的中心思想。另外，文章的主题句有时可能会出现在段落中间或结尾，考生必需运用略读法快速精确地将其找出。2．抓准线索理结构：理清文章的结构，这是理解的基础。文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。通常有一根主线贯穿其中。如叙述文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事务的发生、发展、结局绽开故事；论述体则包含论点、论据、论证三大要素，通过说明、举例来阐述观点。你可依据文章的特点，以时间、地点、事务、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，理清文章的思路结构。驾驭文章的结构，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时。3．“断章取义”寻细微环节：考生要从文段中获得所需的具体信息，可不必阅读整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的段落，快速划定关键词语，然后加以重点阅读即可。此法主要是针对获得具体信息，回答具体的问题，即试题中的细微环节问题。它常常与Who,What,When,Where,Why和How有关，有时跟具体的数字，如长度、速度、距离、大小、尺寸等有联系。考生在运用此法时，应当留意文章的结构和依次排列。有的是按空间依次排列，有的是按时间依次排列。考生应依据短文的结构，有针对性地扫读，快速锁定相关内容。4．同义互释解难题：所谓同义互释，就是在阅读的时候从备选项中找出与原文意思相同或相近的词或短语，它们在意思上相同或相近，可以相互说明、相互替换，这种方法叫同义互释法。它是英语阅读理解题常见方法之一。阅读理解中的难题如深层理解题或推断推理题可重点采纳同义互释法。5．“舍本逐末”读广告：广告，字典，公告，演出信息，航班时辰表，借书卡片等一般为功能阅读，需快速找寻信息。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采纳“倒序法”来处理。即先看问题，后看文章内容。这样在阅读中可以有重点地、有针对性地去读，冗余无效信息可以略读甚至不读。 6．首尾定位排依次：有时题目要求对事务发生的先后依次进行排序。可用首尾定位法，即找到第一个发生的事务，再找到最终一个发生的事务，可大大缩小选择范围，快速有效地确定答案。7．“去伪存真”选最佳：在答题的时候，考生有时会发觉所给的四个选项中，有不止一个选项可以作为答案。这时就应当意识到该题可能是一个推断最佳选择的题目。所以，在答题时，一旦发觉有一个看似正确的选项，就马上把它作为正确答案，这是不明智的。正确的方法是再看一看其他选项中还有没有符合文意的，假如有的话，就要依据文章的主旨和作者的意图，通过选择比较，去伪存真，做出深层理解和全面分析，进行合理的推理和推断，选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。8．立足已知断未知：新大纲对阅读要求的二级目标是：“能依据上下文理解作者的看法和观点；能依据已知的事实推断语篇未干脆写出的意思。”对考生推理实力的考查，是对阅读理解的较高层次的要求。考生肯定要从文章的已知信息事实入手，充分利用文中供应的信息，依据正常的逻辑进行推理，从而推知语篇中未干脆写出，但却合乎逻辑的结果；或者依据文章的字面意思，文章结构和句、段之间的过渡关系，分析其内涵，进而推断出作者的看法、意图。这类问题考生肯定要以阅读材料供应的事实、逻辑关系为思维的立足点、动身点，顺应作者的思维模式，领悟作者的言外之意。千万不能将自己的观点强加给阅读材料。总之，推理推断题的技巧要领为：陈述或事实不是推理，推论要有事实依据。9．微小之处辨“正误”其中学生最简单出错的是部分细微环节有错误的选项。考生肯定要静下心来，耐性细致地对每个选项逐个分析解除，细心斟酌，最终找出正确选项。常用的方法是找出每个选项的“支撑句”来帮助分析，切忌凭感觉答题。10．化繁为简析长句：阅读中，遇到较长的、结构困难的句子时，可以考虑将其简化，以便更好地理解句意。最常用的方法是“主干成分分析法”。即理清主句的基本结构(主谓宾成分)，理解就不会偏离正确的轨道，就能快速驾驭句子大意。11．题材不同方法异：说明文、科普文和小品文等首句通常为主题句，其余的句子都是围绕主题句进行说明或阐述；新闻报道的首句为导语，通常概括整个事务，这常常是做主旨大意题的解题依据；幽默小品和故事的末句往往含蓄，一语双关，耐人寻味。推断题常常发源于此。专题一人物传记型阅读理解这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、特性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事务的发展为主线，脉络清晰，可读性较强。因此，阅读这类文章应当抓住时间线索来获得有关信息，即主子公在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生、发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事务。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事务之间的关系、作者的看法及意图、故事前因和后果的推想等方面着手，考查学生对细微环节的分辨实力以及推理推断实力。阅读这类材料时，同学们肯定要依据主要情节驾驭文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细微环节，设身处地依据文章内容揣摩作者的看法和意图，依据情节绽开想象，即使是遇到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。这两类阅读材料一般较长，即词数多，而且命题也较多，特殊是推理推断题和事实理解题多。同学们在做此类阅读理解题时往往是材料看得懂，题目不好做的感觉。因此，同学们在阅读材料时要重点放在事情发展的过程和结果上，留意把握事务的发展进程及人物之间的关系，细微环节与主题的关系，用以说明人物性格特点的事实、作者的看法等，这些内容往往是推理推断题的命题点。驾驭了这些内容，同学们在做推理推断题时就不会以个人思维想象代替依据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理推断，也只有这样才不会以偏概全。至于事实细微环节题的解答，同学们切忌想当然或者凭印象，肯定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择。[2011·山东卷]ArthurMiller(1915－2005)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller’sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustriaHungary，drawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”．However,heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearlyl930s.Miller’smostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem,withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman,theherooftheplay,weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment:ifhecan’tdothework,thenheisnogoodtohisemployer,theWagnerCompany,andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews,anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay,theNewYorkDramaCritics’CircleAward,andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut,ontheeveningofFebruary10,2005,the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofa() 1. WhydidArthurMiller’sfathermovetotheUSA? A．Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.B．Hewasattractedbythe“GreatAmericanDream”． C．Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.D．Hisfamilybusinessfailed.() 2. TheplayDeathofaSalesman________. A．exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworld B．discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompanyC．talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMillerD．focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness() 3. WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman? A．Hetreatshisemployerbadly.B．HerunstheWagnerCompany. C．HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.D．Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.() 4.Afteritwasfirststaged,DeathofaSalesman________. A．achievedhugesuccess B．wonthefirstTonyAward C．waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmen D．wasseverelyattackedbydramatists() 5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout? A．ArthurMillerandhisfamily. B．TheawardsArthurMillerwon. C．ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienced. D．ArthurMillerandhisbestknownplay.答案：BACAD(一)BenjaminBannekerwasbornafewmonthsbeforeanothergreatAmerican—GeorgeWashington.Benjaminwasblack,buthewasnotaslave.Heandhismotherandhisgrandmotherwerefree.Benjamin’sgrandmothercamefromEngland.InAmericashegotajobandworkedformanyyearstopayforherboattripacrosstheocean.Afterworkingmanymoreyears,shesavedenoughmoneytobuyafarm.Benjaminlivedwithherforawhile.Shetaughthimtoreadandwriteanddoarithmetic.Benjamin’sneighborsknewthathewasclever.Theywerenotsurprisedwhenhebuiltalargewoodenclock.Hemadeeachpieceafterstudyingasmallpocketwatch.Theclockmadehimfamous,foritwasoneofthefirstclocksbuiltinAmerica.PeoplefromotherplacesbegantosendhardproblemsofallkindsforBenjamintosettle.ThomasJeffersonlearnedofBenjaminBanneker’sabilitytosettlehardproblems.HeaskedBannekertohelpbuildthecitythatwastobethecapitaloftheUnitedStates—Washington,D．C. Bannekerworkedhardontheplansforthecity.Hemarkedwherethestreetsandbuildings—theCapital(国会大厦),theWhiteHouse,andmanyothers─shouldbebuilt. Later,L’Enfant,theFrenchmanwhohaddesignedthenewcity,hadaquarrel,andwentbacktoFranceinanger.Hetookalloftheplanswithhim.Theworkmencouldn’tbuildwithoutanyplanstofollow. Forawhileitseemedthattheplansforthecapitalmighthavetobechanged.ButBenjaminBannekerrememberedtheplanshehadhelpeddraw.Hedreweachagainjustasheoncehadbuilteachpieceofhisclock.Ifitweren’tforBenjaminBanneker,Washington,D．C.mightlookverydifferentfromthewayitdoestoday.() 1.BenjaminBannekerisrememberedtothisdaymainlybecause________.A．hemadeoneofthefirstclocksinAmericaB．heusedtobeanassistanttoL’Enfant,whohaddesignedthecityWashingtonC．hedesignedthecityWashingtonwhenL’EnfantleftD．hewasabletobuildthecityWashingtonasL’Enfantleftwithhisplans() 2.WhenBannekerbuiltalargewoodenclock，________.A．peopleinAmericashowednosurpriseB．hisnamespreadalloverAmericaC．hebecamethefirstmaninAmericatobuildaclockD．peoplecamefromotherplacestocongratulatehim() 3.ThomasJeffersonaskedBannekertohelpbuildthecityWashingtonbecausehewastoldthatBannekerwas________.A．famousB．cleverC．hardworkingD．Serious() 4.InbuildingthecityWashington,Bannekershowed________.A．hehadagoodmemoryB．hewasnevertiredofworkingC．hefearednodifficultiesD．hewasgoodatdrawing答案：DBBA(二)Thinkofsomeofyourfavoritesingers.Whenyoulisten,theycanmakeyouhappyorsad,peacefulorangry.Theycanmakeyourelaxorwanttogetupanddance.Giftedsingershavethepowertoaffectusinmanyways—emotionally,physicallyandmentally.Butbecomingagreatsingerisn’taseasyaslisteningtoone.Ittakespractice,devotionandstronglungs!JustaskthewellknownAmericanopera(歌剧)starCarolVaness.AttheMetropolitanOperainNewYorkCitywheresheoftensings,Carol’svoicemustbeloudenoughtobeheardbyfourthousandpeople.Itmustreacheverypersoninthetheater,withoutamicrophone,evenwhenshe’ssingingsoftly.ThereasonCarolcanprojecthervoicethatfaristhewayshebreathes.“Whenyoubreathe,it’slikeaswimmertakingadeepbreathbeforegoingunderwater，”Carolexplains.“Youhavetotakealotofairintoyourlungs.”AccordingtoCarol,themaindifferencebetweenpopsingingandoperais“howyoubreathe,howmuchairyoutakein,andhowyoucontrolitcomingout.Regularsingingismorelikespeaking,andit’salotsofter.WhenIsingforchildren,they’reoftensurprisedbyhowthevibrationsstriketheirears—likewavesonabeach,”Carolsays.“Inopera,theairdoesn’tjustgooutofyourmouth—itvibratesinyourchest,thewayaguitarvibrateswhenit’splayed.”Eversinceshestartedpianolessonsattheageoften,Carolhaslovedmusic.Asshegotolder,shedecidedtobecomeamusicteacher.Whenshewenttocollege,shetooksinginglessonsaspartofherstudies.HervoiceteacherdiscoveredthatnineteenyearoldCarolhadanexceptionallybeautifulsopranovoice—thehighestsingingvoiceforwomen.Caroldecidedtomakeoperahergoal,notonlybecauseshelovedtosingbutalsobecauseshelovedthedrama.Operaisaplayinwhichthecharacterssingthewordsinsteadofspeakingthem.Thestoriesofoperacanbetragicorcomical.Theycanbepersonalstoriesabouttwopeoplefallinginloveorgrandstoriesaboutkingsandqueenswholivedlongago.Asthecharactersinanoperasing,theemotions(情感)expressedbywordsandmusiccometolife.Today,CarolperformsthroughouttheUnitedStatesandEuropeandshehassungforalmosttwentyyears.Butshehasneverforgottenwhereshestartedsinginginthefirstpalace.“Put_your_heart_into_your_singingandenjoyit，”saysCarol,“becausesingingisagreatjoy.That’swhyIsing.Infact,that’swhyeverybodysings.”() 1.Accordingtothepassage,theMetropolitanOperainNewYorkCity________.A．isafivestorybuilding B．canseat4,000people C．hasnomicrophoneinit D．canprojectthesinger’svoice() 2.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．OperaSingingandPopSinging B．TheWayanOperaStarSings C．AnOperaStar D．SingingwithoutaMicrophone() 3.WhichstatementisTRUE?A．Apopsinger’slungsareusuallystrongerthanthoseofanoperasinger’s.B．Theauthorhastheideathatoperasingingismorelikespeaking. C．Apopsingertakesinmuchmoreairthananoperasingerwhensinging.D．Anoperasingerbreathesdifferentlyfromapopsingerwhensinging.() 4.FromthepassageyoucanconcludeallthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.A．Caroloncelearnedtoplaythepiano B．Carolworkedasamusicteacher C．Carolhasbeensingingoperafor20yearsorsoD．CarolispopularwithAmericansandEuropeans答案:BCDB专题二故事记叙型阅读理解阅读理解在英语试卷中的地位毋庸置疑，纵观历年来的高考试题，出题人在试题设计方面力求题材广泛，体裁多样，四大文体(争论文、记叙文、说明文、应用文)兼顾。而记叙文中主要以叙事为主，如情感故事、逸闻趣事等。各种体裁文章的设题和作答都有各自的特点，在这里我们一起探讨故事类文章的阅读技巧。1．抓住文章的六大要素阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事务在文中出现的先后依次。因此，无论是顺叙还是倒叙，阅读此类文章时，必须要找到它结构中的5个W(when,where,who,why,what)和1个H(how)，不过不是每篇都会完整地交待六大要素。毫无疑问，寻出这些元素是能够正确快速解题的一个先决条件。2．留意作者的争论和抒情高考英语阅读理解故事类文章常伴随着作者思想情感的流露和表达，因此争论和抒情往往夹杂其中。行文时或按事情发生发展的先后时间进行或按事情发生发展的地点来转换，也可能按事情发展的阶段来布局。在引出话题，讲完一件事情后，作者往往会表达个人感悟或提出建议等。这些体现作者观点或思想的语句在阅读时可以画线，它们往往体现文章中心或者写作意图，属于必考点，所以要细致体会3．结合前两点归纳文章中心，把握作者看法故事类文章是通过记叙一件事来表达中心思想的，它是文章的灵魂。归纳文章中心思想时，尤其要分析文章的结尾，因为许多文章卒章显志，用简短的争论、抒情揭示文章中心；文章中争论抒情的句子往往与中心亲密相关；也有的文章须要在结合概括各段大意的基础上归纳中心。另外，叙述一件事必有其目的，或阐明某一观点，或赞美某种品德，或抨击某种陋俗，这就要求我们在阅读时，通过对细微环节(第1点中的六要素)的理解，把握作者的看法。4．有章有据进行解题推断分析文章、归纳主题属于对分析、概括、综合的表述实力的考查。切忌脱离文章，架空分析，肯定让分析在文章中有依据。AWhenIwas17,Ireadaquotethatwentsomethinglike:“Ifyouliveeachdayasifitwereyourlast,somedayyou’llmostcertainlyberight.”Itmadeanimpressiononme,andsincethen,forthepast33years,Ihavelookedinthemirroreverymorningandaskedmyself,“Iftodaywerethelastdayofmylife,wouldIwanttodowhatIamabouttodotoday?”RememberingthatI’llbedeadsoonisthemostimportanttoolI’veeverencounteredtohelpmemakethebigchoiceinlife.AboutayearagoIwasdiagnosedwithcancer.Thedoctorstoldmethiswasalmostcertainlyatypeofcancerthatwasincurable,andthatIwouldlivenolongerthanthreetosixmonths.Mydoctoradvisedmetogohomeandgetmyaffairsinorder,whichismydoctors’codeforpreparingyourselftodie.Ilivedwiththatdiagnosisallday.Iwascompletelyindespair.Laterthatevening,Ihadanotherexaminationandmywifetoldmethattumorturnedtobecurablewithsurgery.IhadthesurgeryandI’mfinenow.ThiswastheclosestI’vebeentofacingdeath.Totellthetruth,noonewantstodie.Andyetdeathisthedestinationweallshare.Noonehaseverescapedit.Itclearsouttheoldtomakeroomforthenew.Rightnowthenewisyou,butsomedaynottoolongfromnow,youwillgraduallybecometheoldandbeclearedaway.Yourtimeissolimitedthatyoushouldn’twasteitrepeatingsomeoneelse’slife.Don’tbetrappedbydogma（教条）—whichislivingwiththeresultsofotherpeople’sthinking.Don’tletthenoiseofothers’opinionsdrownoutyourowninnervoice.Andmostimportantly,havetheEverythingelseissecondary.41.Thedoctoradvisedtheauthortogohomeandgethisaffairsinorderbecause______.A.hehadtorestathome B.hisdiseasecouldn’tbecuredC.hisdiseasewasnotseriousatall D.hehadtowaitfortheresultofthetest42.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofdeath?A.Hethinksitisimpossibletoavoid. B.Hethinksitisnottheendoflife.C.Hethinksitisnothingtobescaredof. D.Hethinksitisthebeginningofanewlife.43.Intheauthor’sopinion,weshould______.A.followothers’advice B.takenonoticeofdiseasesC.takeexerciseandkeephealthy D.havethecouragetofollowourheart44.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinPara.3mean?A.cameacross B.dealtwith C.survived D.supported答案：41-44BADA(一)Therehasbeenanoutpouringoflovefora23-year-olddisabledwomanwhosedogwaskilledinfrontofherwhileagroomer(美容师)triedtotrim(修剪)itsclaws.CallsandemailscamefromasfarawayastheUpperPeninsulaandArizonaaswellasOaklandandMacombcounties,offeringLaurieCrouch,whousesawheelchairbecauseofmultiplesclerosis(硬化症),everythingfromdogstomoney,suchasthatfromJasonDalyofRosevillewhosaid,“Iwouldliketobuyheranewdog.AstoryaboutthedeathofCrouch’spet,Gooch,wasprintedonthefrontpageofMacombDaily.CrouchsaidagroomertiedGoochupwithacollar,andthensheandamansatonthedogtotrimitsnails.Goochdiedafteroneclawwastrimmed.CrouchyelledatthegroomertostopwhenshesawGoochwasstrugglingtobreathe,butshesaidshewasignored.“IfIcouldhavewalked,Iwouldhaveputmyhandsonherandpulledheroffmydogandphysicallystoppedher,butIcan’tdothat.”Goochwasnotatrainedserviceanimal,butnaturallyhelpedCrouchbypickingupthingsforher“Thiscaseisabsoluteanimalabuse(虐待)，”LarryObrecht,divisionmanageroftheOaklandCountyAnimalShelterinAuburnHills,said.PeoplewhoreadthestorycontactedOaklandPresstoofferhelp.Amessage,fromRebeccaAmettofGigglesNWigglesPuppyRescue,inRoseville,said,“Wehavepuppiestodonate…andwanttohelptheyoungwomanwholostherservicedog.”“WhenGoochwaswithme,Iwashappy，”Crouchsaid，“IthinkIcanbehappyagainbutnoanimalcanreplaceGooch.There’snevergoingtobeanotherGoochouttherebutIthinkIwillfindadogthatcanbringmejoyagain.”()1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．Adisabledwoman’sservicedog.B．Acruelgroomerkilledadisabledwoman’sdog.C．People’sloveforadisabledwomanwholostherdog.D．Adisabledwomanlovestohavethedogascompany()2.Peoplecalledandemailedto________.A．givetheirangryvoicetothegroomerB．offerhelpandcaretoLaurieCrouchC．tellCrouchhowtopunishthegroomerD．offeracureforCrouch’sdisease()3.Goochdiedmainlybecause________.A．thegroomerwascarelessB．thegroomerdidn’tknowhowtotrimthedog’snailsC．thegroomersatonthedogwithanothermanD．thedogwaswearingacollar()4.WhatdoweknowaboutCrouch’sdog?A．Itwasaspeciallytrainedservicedog.B．Itwastrainedtodomanythingsforpeople.C．ItwasCrouch’sonlyfriend.D．ItcouldoffersomehelptoCrouch.()5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A．CrouchmustbesadafterlosingherdogB．CrouchrefusedtotakeanotherdogC．CrouchhasacceptedanotherdogfromastrangerD．Crouchcanlivewellwithoutadog’scompany答案：CBCDAB（高考真题）Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploited（剥削）yearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste.Manywomenspendlargesumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimechangingtheirold-fashioneddresses.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithnecessarythingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability（耐用）.Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,orpickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhighheeledshoes.Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonders,reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability（稳定耐用）?Thatisforyoutodecide.45.Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney______. A.bymercilesslyexploitingwomenintheclothingindustry B.becausetheyaregoodatpredictingnewfashions C.byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen'sclothing D.astheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomen’sclothing46.Tothewriter,thefactthatwomenchangetheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas______. A.awasteofmoney B.awasteoftime C.anexpressionoftaste D.anexpressionofbeauty47.Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedfor______. A.thecommercialexploitationofwomenB.thewomen’sstrengthofcharacter C.basicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability D.animportantcontributiontosociety48.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______. A.women’sinconstancyinchoosingclothesisoftenlaughedat B.womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort C.menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners D.menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion答案：45-48CBAD专题三新闻报道型阅读理解新闻报道类短文在高考阅读理解中屡屡出现，已经引起了大家的留意。考生在阅读此类文章时，应当留意以下几个方面：1．假如有标题的话，要重视新闻报道文章的标题标题通常点明短文的主题思想，例如：通过某文的标题OldComputersMakeforUnhappyWorkersSurvey说明本篇报道的主题就是陈旧电脑设备导致工人不满，并告知读者这是一份调查报告。但是高考试卷中的大部分新闻报道都会有意识地删掉标题，以考查考生对主题思想的归纳概括实力。2．重视新闻报道文章的导语部分由于高考试卷中的大部分新闻报道短文都会有意识地删掉标题，因此全文的主题和论点这时必需通过理解和分析导语部分来获得。考生可以从导语部分的开头来了解该新闻报道的来源和时间，假如某篇报道开头是Beijing，读者可以了解到该篇报道是由中国国内报道的。假如是NewYork，那么考生就会知道这篇报道是来自于美国方面的报道。因此考生要想驾驭新闻报道的主题或论点概况，必需细致阅读导语。导语(lead)就是指新闻报道的第一段或第一、二段，它是新闻报道最基本内容的概括和浓缩，它通常反映新闻报道的主题或论点。3．重视每个段落的链接新闻报道通常结构看似比较松散，而事实上并非如此。新闻报道的正文主要是对导语部分所供应的主题信息的相关细微环节进行叙述或争论。新闻报道在叙述或争论过程中其正文部分往往由许多短小的段落组成，但是这些短小的段落却是依据肯定的时间、逻辑或空间等依次进行绽开，环环相扣，因此结构仍旧很紧凑。4．重视新闻报道文章的阅读方法英文报刊的新闻报道和中文报刊一样，都在真实的原则下，力求简洁生动，有吸引力，能快而准地给读者供应信息，传达时事。作者往往开宗明义，将一则消息的主要内容浓缩在第一段里，使读者一看就能略知此新闻报道的主题思想。所以说新闻报道的第一段是全文的精华和缩影，我们必需重视对该段的阅读和分析。5．重视和熟识新闻英语的常用短词由于报刊的篇幅有限，新闻报道在词汇的运用上也力求删繁就简，即以短词取代长词，其用词强调简明扼要，切中要害。新闻标题中常见的缩写词主要有三种：(1)组织机构的简称，如：CPC中国共产党，CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议，UNESCO联合国教科文组织，EEC欧洲经济共同体，NATO北大西洋公约组织，OPEC石油输出国组织，IRA爱尔兰共和军。(2)表示职务或职业特征的各种人物名称，如：MP国会议员，VIP重要人物，DJ无线电唱片音乐节目广播员。(3)某些大家熟识的事物名称，如：TB肺结核，DJI道琼斯工业平均指数，UFO飞碟(不明飞行物)。此外，新闻标题还广泛运用简缩词，即通过“截短法”或“缩短法”构成的截头、去尾或把两个词各取一部分合在一起而构成的短词。[2011·江苏卷]AccordingtotheUSgovernment,windfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigawattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunately,thewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmills(seepicture)totouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorway,however,couldhelpputthemanywhere.Theproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlargescaledeepwaterwindturbine(涡轮发电机)．AlthoughitusesaTheproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlargescaledeepwaterwindturbine(涡轮发电机)．AlthoughitusesaTheproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlargescaledeepwaterwindturbine(涡轮发电机)．AlthoughitusesaTheproject,calledHywind,istheworld’sfirstlargescaledeepwaterwindturbine(涡轮发电机)．Althoughitusesafairlystandard152ton,2.3megawattturbine,Hywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingspar(seepicture)，atechnologyHywind’screator,theNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydro,hasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelspar,whichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurface,willbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecables(缆索)；thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind’sstability(稳定性)inthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,theturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.Toproduceelectricityonalargescale,acommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoes,butit’sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavier,thewholespar’scentreofgravitymustbemovedmuchclosertotheocean’ssurface.Todothat，thecompanyplanstodesignanewkindofwindturbine,onewhosegearbox(变速箱)sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades(seepicture)．Hywindisatestrun,butthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwindfarmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatsea,thewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshore,whereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deepseafarmsareinvisiblefromland,whichhelpsovercomethewindmillaseyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatcheson,itwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlowcarbonpowersourcesavailable.()1.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof________.A．thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloorB．thesparwhichisfloatingindeepseawaterC．thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawindD．thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface()2.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonafloatingspar,anewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting________.A．ontheseafloorB．onthespartopC．atsealevelD．behindtheblades()3.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan________.A．solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB．makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC．settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD．explorelowcarbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea答案：BCD(一)OneofNigeria’smostfamoussingershasgoneonhungerstrikeoutsidethegatesoftheNationalTelevisionAuthorityinprotestatwhatshesaysisitsrefusaltopayroyaltiesonhersongs.OnyekaOnwenu’sprotesthasattractedwidespreadsupportfromotherNigerianmusicians,whooftencomplainthattheydonotreceiveroyalties(版税)whentheirsongsarebroadcastontelevisionandradio.ThepopsingerOnyekaOnwenuhasbeensittingoutsidethegatesoftheNigerianTelevisionStationforthepastthreedays.Shesaysthatduringthattimeshe’snoteatenbutthatshehashadsomeorangejuice.Othermusiciansaretakingturnstositwithherinashowofsupport.‘Showmethemoney’MsOnwenuappearstobeinadeterminedstateofmind.“Imeantostayonthishungerstrikebecauseitisofgreatimportance.”“Wefindthattheentertainmentindustryishavinghardtimes.Manyartistsarepoor，they’redyingofhunger.”“Thesearepeoplewhoarefamous,peoplewhohavemadegreatcontributionstotheindustryinNigeriaandwefeelthatthishasgottocometoanend.”PeaceofferingThegovernmentthatownedNigerianTelevisionAuthority,orNTA,saiditwouldliketosettletheissueinafriendlywayandhasdeniedMsOnwenu’sclaimthatshehasbeenpreventedfromappearingonitsstations.Whatevertheresult,MsOnwenuhasalreadywonthebattletodrawattentiontothisissuewhichmusiciansandotherartistsfeelsostronglyabout.TheysaythatifroyaltiesarenotpaidinapoorcountrylikeNigeria,itwillbecomeimpossibletoattractnewtalentintothearts.()1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ApeacefulhungerstrikeforfreedomB．NigerianmusiciansfightingforlifeC．ANigeriansingeronhungerstrikeD．Let’sunitetogetherandfighthunger()2.WhatisthedirectreasonforOnyekaOnwenugoingonthehungerstrike?A．Shewantstoshowoffherinfluence.B．Shehasn’tgotapaymentforhersongs.C．Sheintendstoattractmorenewartists.D．Manyartistsaredyingofhunger.()3.Whichofthefollowingissupportedbythetext?A．OnyekaOnwenu’sprotestwillendinfailure.B．OnyekaOnwenu’sprotesthasmadeabigdifference.C．Nigerianartistsaresatisfiedwiththeirlife.D．OnyekaOnwenufeelshopefulabouttheentertainmentindustry.答案：CBB(二)BARCELONA(Reute