2024届高考英语复习 阅读理解（含解析）

阅读理解

—•、高考原题

1.【2023年新高考全国I卷】

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WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompany

inAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,we

makesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawide

variety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（杀U车）,bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排

挡）,bikeswithchildseats,andchildren'sbikes.

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HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

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Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,

HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,

startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?

A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

2.【2023年新高考全国I卷】

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observing

hownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowing

throughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedto

wonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobserving

natureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（细菌）？Whichkinds

offishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,he

figured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewould

latercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetfbrhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.

First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewent

aroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedthem

inthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherand

formedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludge

asfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwas

purewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacility

thattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-

machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

"Ecologicaldesign"isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthiskindofa

boxofsparepartsfortheinventor,"hesays.nYouputorganismsinnewrelationshipsand

observewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself­

repair."

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

2.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.lbfeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

3.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B.lbshowanapplicationofJohn*sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

4.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

3.【2023年新高考全国II卷】

Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasis

becominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,but

ifsunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudy

showsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.

Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark­

goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhad

withnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding（编码）

experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceofuWesatand

listenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile"wasassignedthecategories"sittingatbeach”

and"listeningtowaves.^^

Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”

begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmost

oftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeof

water,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.

Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognize

andtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,the

experienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalon

aweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomestic

formofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.

"We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsback

intoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecan

interactwithit,"saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.

1.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?

A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.

C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.

2.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?

A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.

C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors5summaries.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?

A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.

B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.

C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.

D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.

4.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?

A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.

C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.

二、考情分析

I社会文化类

文化类文章的选材一般以中西方文化差异或者社会文化现象为重点，如礼仪、语言、生活习惯，

价值观等，题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。体裁以议论文、记叙文居多，但是

也有说明文。而且往往一篇文章表达一个主题。

文化类阅读理解的设题一般都是以考查文章的细节为主，兼顾考查考生推理判断的能力。因此，

考生答题时要能准确定位，根据试题要求到文章中去寻找相应的答案。做这类题时，考生的英语

语言知识和社会常识都发挥着重要的作用，遇到熟悉的题材时，若对题目把握不准，考生可以在

立足文章内容的基础上结合社会常识来解答此类题。

对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意：

1.增加英语词汇量、掌握语法和习惯用法。

在复习过程中加强对语言基础知识的掌握。普通中学毕业生应具备2000~3500的词汇量，并掌握

其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约

定俗成的语法项目。

2.扩大知识面，认真研读历届高考题。

从近年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更

多地涉及社会文化背景知识，因此，要阅读更多关于社会文化背景知识的内容，通过阅读丰富自

己的知识。同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体

裁，了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。

II科普知识类

从文章的体裁看，这类文章一般都是说明文，通过对某种自然现象、某项科学研究、某个最新发

现等的详细描述，让大家认识、了解某方面的科学知识，并学会在生活中运用这种知识。有时候

科普知识类文章的体裁也可能为记叙文，通常叙述与某项发明或发现相关的人物及事件。

科普知识类文章的设题一般都以考查文章的细节为主。因此，答题时，只要抓住主要信息，仔细

比较题目与原文信息的异同，一般便可以作出正确选择。不过，这类题目的文章往往专业性较

强，专业术语多，阅读起来较为困难，但是，这类题目的命题一般都很简单，且生词不会影响考

生做题。因此，做题时要学会“跳读”，即要跳过有些不影响做题和理解文章内容的生词，只要抓住

核心词句即可。

III人物故事类

这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、

生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清

楚，可读性较强。短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发

生、发展或结局有人物、时间、地点和事件。

人物故事类文章一般较长，题目多为细节理解题和推理判断题。考生在做此类阅读理解题时往往

有材料看得懂但题目不好做的感觉。因此，考生在阅读文章时要把重点放在事情发展的过程和结

果进程及人物之间的关系、细节与主题的关系及用以说明人物性格特点的事实、作者的态度等，

这些内容往往是推理判断题的命题点。掌握了这些内容，考生在做推理判断题时，就不会以个人

思维想象代替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，也只有这样才不会以偏概全。至于细节理

解题的解答，考生切忌想当然或者凭印象，一定要找到文章中的原句和题干进行比较，再做出正

确选择。

IV应用广告类

高考广告类短文贴近学生生活，如学习、旅游、保健、购物、招生、招聘、餐饮、网络交流等，

这类短文有以下几个特点：

（1）篇幅短小，形式灵活，信息量大。无论整篇广告还是数则广告，都很短小精悍，但其中的信

息可能较多甚至较为纷繁。（2）用词和句法简练。广告用词筒单，句法以简单句为主，目的是让

读者一目了然，很快捕捉到信息。（3）专有名词和缩略词多。广告涉及的商品和活动以及人物等

经常以专有名词出现，而时间、地点等经常以缩略词出现。（4）生词多。广告涉及领城众多、涉

及面广，因此会有生词，但往往不影响阅读。

广告类短文的试题多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题，即考查考生对广告具体细节的了解、分析

和概括等能力。阅读此类短文需要考生具备较好的skimming（略读）和scanning（细查）的阅读技

能，即快速读懂文章大意和寻找目标信息。

1.题干定位法：先阅读题干，然后根据问题按照题目顺序有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定

位，阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息，再将原文和选项进行比较。当问题与原文材料相同的时

候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。

2.补全成分法：省略词和省略句在应用文中大量出现。对于影响语境理解的省略情况，应将省略句

补全，从而更加准确地理解其意思。

3.信息再加工法：主要用于词义或句意推测题以及涉及数字转换的推理判断题。需要对原文相关信

息作正确理解，并通过推理判断或计算对信息进行再加工。

V生态环保类

高考题中，常见的热门题材主要有：人与自然的和谐发展，人与自然的生态现状和未来发展，环

保的生活方式，生态旅游，生态农业等。

考生在平时学习中要有关注热点环保题材的意识，把握环保新潮流，留心相关题材的文章特点，

这样在做这类题时才会得心应手。

VI史地常识类

史地常识类文章通常介绍历史事件、异域风光等。在选材方面，多选择说英语的国家的主要名胜

历史事件等。在设题方面，通常以细节题为主，同时也有一定的主观推断题。命题的形式通常多

样，可能涉及图表题、数字计算题、排序题、表格题等。

对此类试题，要特别注意积累与西方社会的风土人情、社交活动、风俗习惯及历史事件有关的专

业英语常识。平时养成读书看报的习惯，勤于积累，提高文化素质，掌握己经考过的英语常识试

题，在此基础上，进一步丰富常识。此外，要掌握必要的解题技巧，考生可运用英语学科知识，

联系有关的历史地理知识，从材料中抓住关键词，获取和解读有效信息，分析历史、地理试题的

内涵和外延，并结合选项进行甄别、筛选，做出综合思考和理性的判断，从而选出最符合题意要

求的选项。

vn新闻报道类

新闻报道类文章都具有时代性，材料反映当代社会的某个方面。新闻报道类文章要点突出，主题

鲜明；一般来说，看文章的首段或者首句便可知全文的主要内容，如时间、地点、人物等；新闻

报道类文章清楚地告知读者when,where,who,what,how等内容。

1.泛读各类文章，积累背景知识。做阅读时，背景知识对阅读理解水平有着重要的影响。因此，考

生对文章内容的熟悉程度有时要比其本身的语言水平更重要。所以考生在复习迎考时，要有针对

性地选读一些有关各学科知识的文章，留意各类评论性文章，增加一些背景知识，有意识地强化

记忆有关词汇，以便能理解考试中将会遇到的各种内容的文章，从而达到事半功倍的效果。

2.重视文章的首段、首句。一般来说，根据文章第一段或者仅仅根据第一句话便可知全文的主要内

容，如事件、时间、地点、人物等。

3.在阅读中要忽略人名、地名，不要被这些专有名词弄乱自己的思路和情绪，但要理清地点的位置

及人物之间的关系

4.做题时要先读问题，再读文章，之后再回归问题。

三、变式训练

1.

TigerConservationSafari:India

December2022一6days

Registernowattours@newscientist.comandwewillcontactyousoonwithfulltourdetails.

VisittheprotectedareasofTadobainsearchoftheBengaltiger,puttingyourselfinforest

life.

Day1:ArriveinDelhi

Youwillbemetonarrivalandsenttothe5-starRoseateHotel.Youcanspendthedayinits

rooftoppooloverlookingDelhiorexplorethecity,whichmaybeoneoftheworld9slargest

cities,butbuildingwonders一newandold一fillthecity.Mughaltreasures,includingthe

RedFortandJamaMasjid,areaddedbymorerecentadditions（添加物）toDelhi'straditional

buildings,suchastheLotusandAkshardhamTemples.

Day2:JourneytoTadoba

TaketheearlymorningflighttoNagpur.OnarrivalintoNagpur,youwillbemetbyourlocal

guide,whowilltakeyoutoTadobaNationalPark.PartoftheparkcontainsTadobaAndhari

TigerReserve（保护区）,oneofIndia'smostexcitingandbest-protectedtigerreserves.

Forthenext4nights,youwillbestayingatBambooForestSafariLodge.Laterthisevening

therewillbeawelcomedinner.

Days3-5:SafariDrives

Thenextthreeclayswillfollowasimilarschedule,asyouheadintoTadobaNationalPark

searchingforIndia9stigersaswellasthepark'smanyotherwildlifespeciesandbirdlife.

Thedaystartsearly,usuallybeforesunrise,asthisiswhenthewildlifeisatitsmostactive.

Morningsbeginwithteainbed.Breakfastwillnormallybetakeninthepark.

Day6:Departure

GotoNagpurairportforyourflightbacktoDelhiandyourjourneyhome.Wecanmake

extradayssightseeingwithaprivateguidecoveringtheGoldenTriangleofDelhi,Jaipurand

Agra,includingtheAmberFortandTheTajMahal.Pleaseaskformoredetails.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDelhi?

A.Itisthelargestcityintheworld.

B.Itisaplacewithmany5-starhotels.

C.Ithasbothancientandmodernbuildings.

D.Ithasthebest-protectedtigerreserveinIndia.

2.Whatwillyoudofirstonthesecondday?

A.Takeaplane.B.Meetyourguide.

C.Gotothepark.D.Drinkteainthehotel.

3.Whenwillyougotosearchforbirds?

A.Day1.B.Day2.C.Day6.D.Days3-5.

2.

AnewstudyshowshumanactivityischangingthesoundoftheEarth'soceansandseas.

Scientistssaythesoundchangesofouroceans,seas,andotherwaterwaysaffectmany

marine（海洋的）animals—fromverysmallshrimpstohugewhales.

"Soundtravelsveryfarunderwater/FrancisJuanes,anecologistattheUniversityof

VictoriainCanada,toldTheAssociatedPress.Forfish,heexplained,soundisprobablyabetter

waytosensetheirenvironmentthanlight.Soundhelpsfishandothermarineanimals

communicatewitheachother.Soundalsohelpssomeoceananimalsfindfoodandavoidtheir

hunters.

However,increasingnoisefromhumansismakingitharderfortheseanimalstoheareach

other.Thenoiseiscomingfromshippingtraffic,underwaterexploration,andothernoisy

humanactivities.Formanymarineanimals,theirattemptstocommunicatearebeing

masked（遮蔽）bysoundthathumanshaveproduced.Expertsexplainthatmaskinghappens

whenoneormorenoisesinthewaterblocksoundimportanttoamarineanimaFsliving.The

overallnumberofmarineanimalshasgonedownbyabouthalfsince1970.Somestudiesshow

thestressfromhumannoisemightalsoaffecttheimmune（免疫的）systemaswellas

reproductivehealthorbehavior."Imaginehavingtoraiseyourkidsinaplacethat'snoisyall

thetime/saidJoeRoman,amarineecologistattheUniversityofVermont.

Whenpeoplethinkofproblemsfacingtheocean,weoftenthinkofclimatechange,

plasticsandoverfishing.Butnoisepollutionisanotherthingweneedpayattentionto."Sound

pollutionmaybeeasiertodealwiththanotheroceanproblems/1scientistJuanessaid.nIfwe

makesomethingfortheocean,thinkabouthowtomakeitquieter."

4.Whyissoundunderwaterimportanttooceananimals?

A.Itchangeswithlight.

B.Ittravelsveryfast.

C.Ithelpsthemjudgeandcontacteachother.

D.Itguidesfishermentofindingwheretheyare.

5.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?

A.Underwaterexplorationmustbestopped.

B.Kidsshouldexperiencenoisetobehealthy.

C.Humannoisebringsstresstomarineanimals.

D.Marineanimalshavegotusedtosoundchanges.

6.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tointroducethebenefitsofsound.

B.Toshowtheeffectsofclimatechange.

C.Todrawattentiontosoundpollution.

D.Ibshareamethodofstudyingtheocean

7.Whatwilltheauthorprobablytellusinthefollowingparagraph?

A.Howtodealwithoverfishing.

B.Whatisthemaincauseofclimatechange.

C.Howtokeepthenumberofmarineanimals.

D.Whatshouldbedonetoreducesoundpollution.

3.

WhenIwasaseniorhighschoolstudent,mathematicslookedlikeabigbarrier（障碍）for

meandseveralofmyclassmates.MrIyer,astrictmathsteacher,wasalsoourclassteacher.He

alwaysstucktohisdiscipline.Wehadtoarriveontime,andpayundividedattentiontohis

lectures,anddarednotforgetanyofhishomework.

Evenso,asourclassteacher,wegottoknowhimbetter.Noticingsomeofuscouldn'tsit

stillandseemedanxiousonedayasthemid-termexamswerecoming,hestoppedsolvinga

mathematicalproblemtoaskuswhy."There'stoomuchtodo,"wesighed.nWe*refrightened

thatwe'llnevermanagetofinishrevisingbeforetheexam.'1"Nothingisimpossible,'*MrIyer

toldus."Thisclassroomisonthesecondfloor.Doyouhaveproblemsreachinghere?"We

repliedwithblankstares（面无表情的凝视）.

"No,youdon't!"hesaid,answeringhisownquestion."Youhaveastaircasetohelpyou

climbuptothislevel.Nooneexpectsyoutomakeitintwogiantleaps（大跨步）.Yousimply

takeonestepatatime.Anyproblemcanbesolvedifyouconcentrateontheimmediateaction

tobetaken.Therestwilltakecareofitselfifyoukeepatit.Onestepatatime.That'sthe

secret.nThenhewrotedownanoldmottothatleftadeepimpressiononmeonthe

blackboard一thelongestjourneystartswithasinglestep.Havingheardhisstaircase

analogy（比拟）,weunderstoodwhyheaskedusthequestionandwesawhiminanewlight.

Atlast,mostofmyclassmatesscoredhighlyinmaths.AndIwentontobecomean

Englishteacher.Tothisday,wheneverIpassonMrIyer'sinvaluableadvicetomyownstudents,

theybrightenupattheprospectofalighteracademicburden.

8.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

A.ThewayMrIyertaughthisstudentsmaths.

B.Thereasonwhymathswashardfortheauthor.

C.Thestudents1pointsofviewonMrIyer'scharacter.

D.Thebriefintroductionoftheauthor'smathsteacher,MrIyer.

9.WhydidMrIyerstopsolvingamathematicalprobleminclass?

A.MrIyerwasalittletiredandwantedtohavearest.

B.Somestudentsmadetroubleandaffectedtheclass.

C.Themathematicalproblemwasratherpuzzling.

D.Somestudentsseemedimpatientandupset.

10.Whatisthesecretofreachingone'sgoalaccordingtoMrIyer?

A.Thereisonlyonestepbetweensuccessandfailure.

B.Takeactionquicklyandmakeprogresslittlebylittle.

C.Itisimportanttomakeuseofagoodopportunity.

D.Don*thesitatetoaskfbrhelpwhenmeetingwithbarriers.

11.HowdoestheauthorlikeMrIyer'sadvice?

A.Strangeandimpractical.B.Incorrectandmisleading.

C.Meaningfulandvaluable.D.Simpleanduninteresting.

4.

Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohave

similarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsin

thewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,

cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada

"keyhole0inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped"keys"to

choosefrom.Insertingthecorrect"key"wouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,but

itwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical（对称的）

shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbefore

itwillfitiscalledan"allocentricframeofreference0.Intheexperiment,Goffin'scockatoos

wereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Where

trial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.Thisindicates

thatGoffin'scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmoving

objectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.

Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoos

relyentirelyonvisualclues（线索）,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

12.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?

A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.

C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.

13.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?

A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.

C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.

14.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?

A.Howfartheyareabletosee.

B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.

C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.

D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.

15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.Cockatoos:QuickEirorCheckers

B.Cockatoos:IndependentLearners

C.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers

D.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters

5.

Haveyouevernoticedthereissomedifferencebetweencitytreesandforesttrees?Anew

studyfindscitytreesgrowfasterbutdieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry.

Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutcarbondioxide.

However,carbondioxideisagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunasheat.

Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespread

burningoffossilfuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledto

ariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.

Studieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbcarbondioxide,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdata

onwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbcarbondioxideatthesamerateasforesttreesdo.

Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.

Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters（the

widthoftheirtrunks）between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasa

person'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Theresearchhasshownabouthalftheweight

ofatreeiscarbon,whilemostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'tracking,theresearchers

foundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbondioxidefromtheairasforesttrees.

However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttrees

actuallyabsorbedmorecarbondioxide.

Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhavelesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.

Inaforest,treestendtogrowclosetogether,shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefit

fromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfrom

gas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwater

maywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthan

treesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.

16.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thegreenhousegasdoesharmtotheearth.

B.Carbondioxideplaysapartinkeepingtheearth'stemperature.

C.Carbondioxidecanheattheearth.

D.Onlyhumanactivitiesmakethetemperaturerise.

17.Whatinformationcanatreediametertell?

A.Howatreeistransplanted.B.Howlongatreeis.

C.Howoldatreeis.D.Howmuchwateratreecontains.

18.Howdocitytreesdifferfromforesttreesofthesametypeoverthelifetimeinthe

research?

A.Theycouldlivetwicelongerthanforesttrees.

B.Theytookinlesscarbondioxidethanforesttrees.

C.Theycouldabsorbmorecarbondioxidethanforesttrees.

D.Theyweightedheavierthanforesttrees.

19.Whatadvantagedocitytreeshave?

A.Theyhavenocompetition.B.Theygrowclosertogether.

C.Theygetmorenutritionlikenitrogen.D.Theyhavebetteraccesstorainwater.

答案以及解析

1、

1.答案：B

解析：理解具体信息根据第二段尾句"Weofferthenewestbicycles...withchildseats,and

children'sbikes"可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚

刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。

故选B。

2.答案：C

解析：理解具体信息根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知，带手刹的三挡自行车的日

租金为14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，故租两天为22.75欧元。故选C。

3.答案：D

解析：理解具体信息根据尾段倒数第二句"ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhour

onthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday"可知，有导游的城市观光每天下午一点开始，

每小时整点从DamSquare出发。故选D。

2、

1.答案：C

解析：理解具体信息。根据第一段中的"observinghownaturesolvedproblems"和"When

hegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeople

weremaking”和第二段中的"Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions"以及

第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人。故选C。

2.答案：D

解析：根据第三段中的"ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstances

fromsomesludge（污泥）…placedtheminthetanks"可知，John修建水箱是为了清理污泥

中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的"allthatwasleftwas

purewater”表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，John在水箱里放入污

泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故选D。

3.答案:B

解析：推断上文讲到了John的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句"Overtheyears,John

hastakenonmanybigjobs"可知，多年来,John做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州

的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。A"为了

回顾John的研究计划";B”为了展示John的理念的实际应用";C"为了比较John的不

同工作“；D”为了消除对John的发明的怀疑"。故选B。

4.答案：A

解析：本文主要围绕John的疑问"Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafter

flowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived...ifthisprocesscouldbe

usedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking"展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流

过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏

乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就

在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的"Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheir

ownwaystoself-repair"也印证了John的工作依据就在于“自我修复"这一理念。故选A。

3、1.答案：B

解析：理解具体信息题干问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象。根据第一段中的

"accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind”（城市居民越来

越难以接触大自然）以及"it'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild"（在一

个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的）可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故选B。

2.答案：D

解析：推断题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句

话"Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategories...begantoemerge”（在320份提交的

材料中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的类别模式开始出现）可知，研究人员这样做是

为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故选D。

3.答案：C

解析：推断题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什么。根据第五段所举的

例子"theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfying...afountainon

theirlunchbreak"可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，周内可以沿着喷泉散

步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故

选C。

4.答案：B

解析：理解具体信息题干问的是在我们与大自然互动之前，我们应该做些什么。根据

最后一段Kahn的话“Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecan

interactwithit”（为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互动）可知，我们在

与大自然互动以前需要保护自然。故选B。

三、

1、

1.答案：C

解析:细节理解题。根据Day1:ArriveinDelhi中的“Youcanspendthedayinitsrooftop

pooloverlookingDelhiorexplorethecity,whichmaybeoneoftheworld5slargestcities,but

buildingwonders-newandold-fillthecity.”可知，Delhi既有古代建筑也有现代建筑。

2.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据Day2:JourneytoTadoba中的“Taketheearlymorningflightto

Nagpur.”可知，第二天你首先要坐飞机。

3.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据Days3-5:TourDrives中的“Thenextthreedayswillfollowa

similarschedule,asyouheadintoTadob