职称英语卫生类新增文章译文及解析称英语卫生类新增文章译文及解析

ModifiedbyJEEPonDecember26th,2020.【经典资料，WORD文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，WORD文档，可修改】2015年职称英语(卫生类)新增文章译文及解析第十六篇EattoLive第十六篇为生存而食Ameagerdietmaygiveyouhealthandlonglife,butit’snotmuchfun—anditmightnotevenbenecessary.但这并不有趣——很有可能也没必要Wemaybeabletohangontomostofthatyouthfulvigorevenifwedon’tstarttodietuntiloldage.度上保持住青春活力。StephenSpindlerandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatRiversidehavefoundthatsomeofanelderlymouse’slivergenescanbemadetobehaveastheydidwhenthemousewasyoungsimplybylimitingitsfoodforfourweeks.Riverside尔及其同事发现，只要连续四周限制进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前一样充满活力。Thegeneticrejuvenationwon’treverseotherdamagecausedbytimeforthemouse,butcouldhelpitslivermetabolizedrugsorgetridoftoxins.会逆却有助于这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢毒素。indlersteamfedthreemiceanormaldietfortheirwholelivesandfedanotherthreeonhalf-rations3.老鼠正常量的饲料，而给另外三只老鼠Threemoremicewereswitchedfromthenormaldiettohalf-feed3foramonthwhentheywere34monthsold—equivalenttoabout70humanyears.给三只34个月大的老鼠(相当于人类年龄的70岁)喂了一个月的半量饲料，之Theresearcherscheckedtheactivityof000genesfromthemouselivers,andfoundthat46changedwithageinthenormallyfedmice.鼠基因随年龄的改变而改变。Thechangeswereassociatedwiththingslikeinflammationandfreeradicalproduction一probablybadnewsformousehealth.内自由基的产生有关——这对老鼠的健康来说不是什么好消息。Inthemicethathaddietedalltheirlives,27ofthose46genescontinuedtobehavelikeyounggenes.46种基因中的27种仍然继续保持着Butthemostsurprisingfindingwasthatthemicethatonlystarteddietinginoldagealsobenefitedfrom70percentofthesegenechanges.是在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于70%的异。isisthefirstindicationthattheseeffectskickinprettyquicklysaysHuberWarnerfromtheNationalInstituteonAgingnearWashingtonD.C.“这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的暗示”，来自华盛顿特区周边的国家老年学学院的哈勃华纳说。Nooneyetknowsifcalorierestrictionworksinpeopleasitdoesinmice,butSpindlerishopeful.“There’sattractingandtemptingevidenceouttherethatitwillwork,”hesays.Ifitdoesworkinpeopletheremightbegoodreasonsforrejuvenatingtheliver.如果这确实也对人类有效，我们有理由相信肝脏也可能恢复活力。Aswegetolder,ourbodiesarelessefficientatmetabolizingdrugs,forexample.天天衰老，我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来越没有。Abriefperiodoftimeofdieting,saysSpindler,couldbeenoughtomakesureadrugiseffective.节食，斯潘德尔说到，完全足以保证药效。ButSpindlerisn’tsurethetrade-offisworthit.但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试。“Themicegetlessdisease,theylivelonger,butthey’rehungry,”“老鼠患病少了，寿命延长了，但是它们很饥饿，”hesays“Evenseeingwhatadietdoes,it’sstillhardtogotoarestaurantandsay:‘Icanonlyeathalfofthat,.”识到节食的功效，人们仍然很难在餐馆中说自己只能Spindlerhopeswesoonwon’tneedtodietatall.HiscompanyLifespanGeneticsinCalifornia,islookingfordrugsthathavetheeffectsofcalorierestriction.的寿命遗传学公司，正在寻找有限制卡路里效能的词汇：meageradj.不足的youthfuladj.有青春活力的vigorn.精力，活力metabolizevt.使(一种物质)进入新陈代谢过程geneticadjrejuvenationn恢复活力，返老还童hangonto：继续保留。例如：Youshouldhangontothatpainting一itmightbeworthalotofmoneyoneday.你应该继续保留那幅画-----或许有一天它会值很多钱。2.Thegeneticrejuvenationwon’treverseotherdamagecausedbytimeforthemouse,butcouldhelpitslivermetabolizedrugsorgetridoftoxins的肝部基因恢复活力不会逆转老鼠在其他方面的老化，但却有助damagecausedbyof：摆脱，除去。3.half-ration和half-feed都是指“老鼠饲料正常定量(normaldiet)的一半”。4.freeradicalproduction:指体内自由基的产生(形成)。tokickin.我们还在等着空调开始起作用。6.beworthit：意为“值得，有益”。如：Theyareexpensive,buttheyareworthit.那些东西很贵，但划得来。习：1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueAEatinglessthanusualmightmakeuslivelonger.BIfwegoonadietwhenold,wemaykeephealthy.CDietingmightnotbeneeded.DWehavetobegindietingsincechildhood.Dk“节食可能不是非做不可的事”，第二句讲“即使上了年2.Whydoestheauthormentionanelderlymouseinparagraph2ATodescribetheinfluenceofoldageonmice.BToillustratetheeffectofmeagerfoodonmice.CTotellushowmice’slivergenesbehave.DToinformusoftheprocessofmetabolizingdrugs.B最好地回答了题干中的问题o3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutcompletelynormallyfedmicementionedinthepassageATheywillnotexperiencefreeradicalproduction.BTheywillexperiencemoregeneticrejuvenationintheirlifetime.CTheyhavemoreoldlivergenestobehavelikeyounggenes.DTheyaremorelikelytosufferfrominflammation.3.D4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmostinterestedthesearchersAThemicethatstarteddietinginoldage.Bofthose46oldgenesthatcontinuedtobehavelikeyounggenes.CCalorierestrictionthatworksinpeople.DDietingthatmakessureadrugiseffective.A最后一个句子讲“但最惊人的发现是那些上了年纪才开始节食员感5.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,SpindlerbelievesthatAcalorierestrictionisveryimportanttoyoungpeople.Bseeingtheeffectofadiet,peoplewillliketoeatlessthannormal.Cdietingisnotagoodmethodtogiveushealthandlonglife.Ddrugsdonothavetheeffectsofcalorierestriction.CSpindler食的看法。首先，他不能肯定节食是们不必节食。所以我们可以推知，他认为节食不是得Inwhatmaybebadnewsforbarsandpubs，aEuropeanresearchgrouphasfoundthatpeopledrinkingalcoholoutsideofmealshaveasignificantlyhigherriskofcancerinthemouthandneckthandothosetakingtheirlibationswithfood.就餐时间以外饮酒会使患口腔和颈部癌症的几率比就餐时饮酒更高。LuiginoDalMasoandhiscolleaguesstudiedthedrinkingpatternsof1,500patientsfromfourcancerstudies2andanother3，500adultswhohadneverhadinoDalMaso研究了取自四项癌症研究的1，500个病例的饮酒习惯模式3，500个从没患癌症的成年人的饮酒习惯模式。Aftertheresearchersaccountedfortheamountofalcoholconsumed,theyfoundthatindividualswhodownedasignificantshareoftheiralcoholoutsideofmeals3facedatleasta50to80percentriskofcancerintheoralcavity,pharynx,andesophaguswhencomparedwithpeoplewhodrankonlyatmeals.量后，他们发现和只在就餐时饮酒的人相比，在就外灌下大量烈酒的人面临至少50%80%的患口腔癌、咽癌和食道癌。,Consumingalcoholwithoutfoodalsoincreasedbyatleast20percentthelikelihoodoflaryngeal4cancer.在就餐时间外饮酒也会使患喉癌的可能性增加至少20%。“Roughly95percentofcancersatthesefoursites5tracedtosmokingordrinking6bythestudyvolunteers，”DalMasosays.“被研究者的情况说明大约95%患以上四种癌症的原因就是抽烟或饮酒”DalMaso说。Thediscouragingnewshisteamreportsisthatdrinkingwithmealsdidn’teliminatecancerriskatanyofthesites.中令人沮丧的消息是就餐时饮酒不会消除患以上任何一种癌症的危险。FortheirnewanalysistheEuropeanscientistsdividedpeopleinthestudyintofourgroupsbasedonhowmanydrinkstheyreportedhavinginanaverageweek7.为了进行新的分析，欧洲科学家根据每星期平均饮酒量将被研究者分为4组。Thelowestintakegroupincludedpeoplewhoaveragedupto820drinks狂week.Thehighestgroupreporteddowningatleastservingsofalcoholweeklyforanaverageofeightormoreperday.周饮酒至少56杯，平均每天8杯以上。Cancerrisksforthemouthandnecksitesrosesteadilywithconsumptionevenforpeoplewhoreporteddrinkingonlywithmeals.上升，即使是那些只在就餐时饮人。Forinstancecomparedwithpeopleinthelowest-consumptiongroup,participantswhodrank21to34alcoholservingsaweekatleastdoubledtheircancerriskforallsitesotherthanthelarynx10.人相比，每周饮酒2134杯的人患除喉癌以外其他部位的症的危险增加了一倍。Ifpeopleintheseconsumptiongroupstooksomeofthosedrinksoutsidemeals,thoseinthehigherconsumptiongroupatleastquadrupledtheirriskfororalcavityandesophagealcancers.高饮酒量组的人会使他们的危险至少增加3倍。Peopleinthehighestconsumptiongroupwhodrankonlywithmealshad10timestheriskoforalcancer,7timestheriskofpharyngealcancer,and16timestheriskofesophagealcancercomparedwiththosewhoaveragedorfewerdrinksaweekwithmeals.0杯的人相比，高饮酒量组的人在就餐时间饮酒患口腔癌的危险是低饮酒量组的10倍，咽癌是其7倍，食道癌是16倍。Incontrastlaryngealcancerriskinthehigh-intake,with-meals-onlygroup11wasonlytriplethat12inthelow-intakeconsumerswhodrankwithmeals.时饮酒的人患喉癌的危险是酒精低摄入且仅在酒的人的3倍。Alcoholcaninflametissues.Overtime,thatinflammationcantriggercancer.”DalMasosays.“酒精能使组织发炎，一段时间后，炎症可引发癌症。”DalMaso说。Hesuspectsthatfoodreducedcancerriskeitherbypartiallycoatingdigestive-tracttissuesorbyscrubbingalcoholoffthosetissues.的危险，或是通过覆盖在消化道组织上或是通过将那些组织上擦掉。Hespeculatesthatthereasonlaryngealrisksweredramaticallylowerforallstudyparticipantstracestothetissue’slowerexposuretoalcohol.很多的原因是喉部组织被酒精侵害到的部分少词汇：cavityn.腔pharynxn.咽pharyngealadj.咽的esophagusnophagealadjlarynxn.喉dthanthosetakingtheirlibationswithfooddo。这里的do是一个代词，代替上半句中的haveasignificantlyhigherriskofcancerinthemouthandneck。2.drinkingpatternsof1,500patientsfromfourcancerstudies式3.downedasignificantshareoftheiralcoholoutsideofmeals：在就餐时间以外灌下大量烈酒。down：“喝下，灌下”；significant：意为“largeinamount”(大量的)。4.laryngeal：larynx(喉)的形容词形式。5.thesefoursites：指该段前两句提到的oralcavity，pharynx,esophagus,larynx。ingordrinkingtraceto7.inanaverageweek：平均每星期8.upto：高达9.56servingsofalcoholweeklyforanaverageofeightormoreper平均每天8杯以上。eight后省略了servings意为“(食物或饮料的)一份”。11.high-intake,with-meals-onlygroup：(酒精)高摄入、仅在就餐时饮酒的(实验)组。high-intake和with-meals-only在此都是合成形容词，修饰group。wasonlytriplethat：是它的三倍。that指该句前半句中的laryngealcancerrisk。习：1.ResearchershavefoundthattheriskofcancerinthemouthandneckishigherwithpeopleAwhodrinkalcoholoutsideofmealsurBwhodrinkalcoholatmeals.Cwhoneverdrinkalcohol.Dwhodrinkalcoholatbarsandpubs.1.A文章第一个句子就是答案。2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheconclusionmadebytheresearchersabout“drinkingwithmeals”AIthasalowerriskofcancerthandrinkingwithoutfood.BItmayalsobeacauseofcancer.CItincreasesby20percentthepossibilityofcancerinallsites.DItdoesnoteliminatecancerriskatanyofthesites.C20%，而不是就的情况。所以C是正确答案。其他三项均在文中直接或间接提到。3.Approximatelyhowmanydrinksdothelowest-intakegroupaverageperdayA3drinks.B8drinks.C20drinks.D56drinks.A第二句告诉我们，酒精摄人量最低的一组每星期饮酒量达20杯4.WhichcancerriskisthelowestamongallthefourkindsofcancermentionedinthepassageAOralcancer.BLaryngealcancer.CPharyngealcancer.DEsophagealcancer.4.B文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由连接词inntrastB是正确选项。5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,tissue’slowerexposuretoalcoholAexplainswhyinflammationtriggerscancer.Baccountsforwhyfoodcancoatdigestive-tracttissues.Cisthereasonwhyfoodcanscrubalcoholofftissues.Dreducestheriskoflaryngealcancer.5.D文章最后一句提供了答案。Ceremonialbathinghasexistedforthousandsofyearsandhasmanyforms,oneofwhichisthesauna.千年的历史，并S有多种形式，其中的一种就是桑拿浴TheFinnshaveperfectedthesteambathorsaunawhichmaybetaken,usuallyinanenclosedroombypouringwateroverhotrocksorasadryheatbath。它可以在一个封闭的房间里将水浇在TheJapaneseGreeksTurksandRussiansaswellasNativeAmericanshaveformsofthesweatbathintheirbathingrituals.发汗浴这一形式。DryheatandsteambathshadadvocatesinancientRomeand'pre-ColumbianAmericansusedsweatlodges.，而哥伦布发现美洲大陆前的美洲Theearliestsaunaswereprobablyundergroundcavesheatedbyafirethatnaturallyfilledwithsmokeaschimneymakingwasunknownatthattime.洞起的。Afirekeptinafire-pitwouldheattherockwallsofthecave.山洞的四壁。Afterreachingfullheat,thesmokewasletoutofthecaveandthestoneswouldretainheatforseveralhours.时truesaunaexperienceandthatallsaunasshouldhaveatleastabackgroundodororsmoke.验，而所有的桑拿浴都应该至少有烟熏或烟味儿的背景。Todaymostsaunasuseelectricstovesalthoughgasandwood-burningstovesareavailable.炉仍然可以使用，大多数的桑拿浴都是用电arerelaxingandstressrelievingThosewithmuscleachesorarthritismayfindthattheheatrelaxesmusclesandrelievespainandinflammation.痛或关节炎都可以利用桑拿浴的热气。Asthmapatientsfindthattheheatenlargesairpassagewaysofthelungandfacilitatesbreathing.热气还可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加顺畅。onotcurethecommoncoldbuttheymayhelptoalleviatecongestionaridspeedrecoverytime.以减轻患者的胸闷感，加快康复的速Thebodyscoretemperatureusuallyrisesa-2degreeswhileinthesauna,thusimitatingaslightfever.在蒸桑拿浴时，人体温度通常会上升1~2摄氏度，就像发低烧一样的感觉。Thesaunacouldbeconsideredtofollowtheoldsaying“feedacold，starveafeverTheregularuseofasaunamaydecreasethelikelihoodofgettingacoldinthefirstplace.以在第一时间预防感冒的发生。aisgoodforyourskinasthebloodflowtotheskinincreasesandsweatingoccurs.蒸桑拿对皮肤也有好处，它可以促进皮肤的血液循环和出汗。Adultssweatabout2lbs8ofwaterperhouronaverageinasauna.要蒸发2磅的水。Agoodsweatremovesdirtandgrimefromporesandgivestheskinahealthyglow.清除毛孔中:的污垢Y使皮肤变得光洁。Thelossinwaterweightistemporaryasthebody'sphysiologicalmechanismswillquicklyrestorepropervolumes.机能能够很快补充合适的水量。Thecardiovascularsystemgetsaworkoutastheheartmustpumpharderandfastertomovebloodtothesurfaceforheatexchange.在热气交换的过程中，心脏跳动得更快，这就使心血管系统也得到了锻炼。erminute桑拿浴时的心率能从原来的平均每分钟72下增加到每分钟100-150下。Anormalheartcanhandlethesestressesbutthosewithhearttroublewishingtobegintouseasaunashouldseekadoctor'sadvice.这种变化，而那些心脏病患者在蒸桑拿浴之前应该征求议。Theelderlyandthosewithdiabetesshouldcheckwiththeirdoctorpriortobeginningtotakesaunas.Pregnantwomenshouldnottakesaunasparticularlyinthefirstthreemonths.是在怀孕的头三个月。Indeedeveryonejuststartingoutshouldtakeshortsessions11atfirsttobecomeaccustomedtothistypeofbath.时间的，直到适应了这种沐浴方词汇：saunan.(芬兰式)蒸汽浴，桑拿浴estionnodorn道isinflammationnimencularadjdiabetesn1.ceremonialbathing:仪式性的沐浴。许多宗教都有这种以沐浴作为仪式的习俗。2.pre-ColumbianAmericans布前的美洲人。Columbian是Columbus的形容词形式，意思是“3.fire-pit:火槽4.relaxingandstressrelieving:能使人放松并消除压力。5.alleviatecongestionandspeedrecoverytime:减轻胸闷感，加快康复的速度。6.imitate:toappearlike;resemble:像;类似7.feedacold,starvea8.lb:pound(磅)的缩写形式。9.cardiovascularsystem:心血管系统11.sessions:(做某事或进行某活动的)一段时间习：1.Ceremonialbathing_________.A)iscalledthesaunabyFinnsB)isequivalenttothesteambathC)hasvariousformsD)isheldinanenclosedroom1.C第一段的第一句告诉我们，ceremonialbathing有多种形式，其中一种是sauna。所以只有C是正确的选项。2.WhatisunderstoodbysomepeopletobethetruesaunaexperienceA)Saunasinundergroundcaves.B)Saunaswithsmoke.C)Saunasusingwoodburningstoves.D)Saunasusingelectricstoves.eodor也是指烟熏的气味。3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,saunascandoallofthefollowingEXCEPT.A)reducingthechanceofgettingcoldB)speedingrecoveryC)relievingstressD)curingasthma3.D该段最后一句说Theregularuseofasaunamaydecreasethelikelihoodofgettingacoldtheymayhelptospeedrecoverytime;第一句说Asthmapatientsfindthattheheatenlargesairpassagewaysofthelungand4.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,saunagivestheskinahealthyglowbecause_________.A)poresarecleanedbysweatB)waterislostbysweatingC)bloodmovestothesurfaceforheatexchangeD)theheartpumpsharderandfaster4.A该段第三句提供了答案。5.WhoareadvisednottotakeasaunaA)Elderlypeople.B)Pregnantwomen.C)Peoplewithhearttrouble.D)Alloftheabove.D告诫几种人不能蒸桑拿浴，包括心脏病患者、老人、糖尿病患者、孕妇等。所以D是正确的选项。第二篇ABiologicalClockEverylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.每一种生物都有控制它们行为的时钟，科学家们称之为生物钟。shouldopenIttells__whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyaway，andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake.告诉昆虫何时离开防护卵Eventsoutsidetheplantandanimal_3__theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks.外界的变化会影响某些动植物的生物钟。ntistsrecentlyfoundforexamplethatatinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfur__4__thenumberofhoursofdaylight.现，有一种很小的动物，会随着白天日照时间的长短改变Intheshortofwinter,itsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgraybrownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.季白天日照时间长，它的毛又变成棕灰Innersignalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.生物，它们的生物钟受体内信号控制。Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekindofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration__6__twiceeachyear.现，鸟类体内的某种生物钟迫使它们每年做两次长距离迁移。becomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.不安，而当这段时间过后，它们又恢复了平静。entistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhichofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.科学家们指出，他们开始探索大脑内部的哪些部位存在生物钟。AnAmericanresearcherMartinMoorhead,saidasmallgroupofcellsneartheomeofouractions一位美国的研究员，马丁莫亥德(MartinMoorhead)曾指出，好像是人脑前部的一小群细胞控制着人体的行为。food.这些细胞控制着人体睡眠、苏醒和觅食的时间。stssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthatcontrolotherbodyactivities.另外，科学工作者推测，可能还有另外的生物钟细胞控制人体的其他行为。oourwork.目前，莫亥德博士正在研究生物钟对人们工作方面的影响。Forexamplemostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangetodifferentworkhours.cceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.要适应工作时间上的较大变动，可能需要相当长一段日子。Dr.Moorheadsaidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofgcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreaseafactory’sproduction,的了解，懂得生物钟对工词汇：biologicaladj.生物(学)的insectn.昆虫1.本句中谓语动词tells的宾语由两部分组成。第一部分是whentoformflowers不定式，第二部分是whentheflowersshouldopen,是名词从句。从修辞上说，两者有些不平衡。waywedoourworkthewayinwhichwedoourworkthewaythatwedoourwork.实际上，三种说法都成立。如：HespeaksEnglishthewaytheEnglishpeopledo.Idon’tunderstandthewayinwhichhedealtwiththematter.3.take作“花费，花去”解时可用于几种不同的句型：Itwilltakemefivedaystocompletethework.Theworkwilltakemefivedaystocomplete.Tocompletethisworkwilltakemefivedays.习：1.A.scientistsB.humansC.plantsD.animalsC从后半句Whentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopenplants这一大类，与动物类相对应2.A.insectsB.birdsC.fishD.snakes2.A后面出现的whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyawaysectsinsectsprotectivecocoons,而birds、fish和snakes都没有。3.A.effectB.affectC.effectedD.affected3.Baffect思，而effect作为动词则是“使发生;使生效”的意思。这里谈论的是动植物生物钟的一般情况，所以使用动词的一般现在时。4.A.becauseB.forthereasonthatC.becauseofD.sinceC为其后是名词。because和since都有“因为”的意思，但它们都是连词，用来引导原因状语从句,如:Hewillnotcomebecauseheisill.Sinceheisill,hewillnotcome.forthereasonthat后接句子，所以也不是答案。5.A.monthsB.daysC.minutesD.weeksB根据下句中的inthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer和上句中的thenumberofhoursof6.A.flightB.flyC.movementD.transportationA有birds，migration这些词，下一句又谈及迁徙飞行前的躁动不fly是动词，不能选择;其他两个选项7.A.preventedfromB.orderedbyC.helpedbyD.intrudedon7.A该句句子的主干是：主语birds,谓语becomerestless以，所填的词是过去分词，修饰birds。从上下文表达的意思判断,orderedby(被命令)、helpedby(被帮助)和intrudedon(被强加)都不匹配，只有preventedfrom是合适的选择。8.A.andB.butC.thereforeD.howeverB需使用连词，连接该句中平行的两个分句。而根据整个句形成反差对比：becomerestlesswhenthetimeoftheflighthasended，所以应选择but,表示相反的两层意思。9.A.portionsB.partsC.sectionsD.kinds9.Bportion是“一定数量;一份”,sectionkind都不符合上下文意思连贯的要求。唯有B是正确的选项。10.A.tryB.triesC.seemD.seemsDC为主语是group,而不是cells，所以要采用动词的第三人称单数形式seemsA和B不符合常识。11.A.thingsB.partsC.cellsD.actions11.CThese词也在上文中出现,但该词不符合句意。选项A和B意思不准确。12.A.awakenB.wokeC.awakeningD.wake-upA的三个宾语都是带疑问副词的动词不定式，所以都要用动词原awaken，woke是wake的一般过去形式,awakening是形容词,wake-up是名词。13.A.howB.whyC.whereD.what13.Astudying句起首处应有个连词。把C或D填入论的不是生物钟为什么会影响AWeB.ItC.TheyD.Youhours，而此处需要一个形式主语，所以只能选择It。15.A.soB.withC.suchD.if15.C该句中的understanding既然是上句中提到的betterunderstanding,C便是最佳的选项。其他三个选项均不符合语法。第九篇TheCaseoftheDisappearingFingerprintsOneusefulanticancerdrugcaneffectivelyerasethewhorlsandothercharacteristicmarksthatgivepeopletheirdistinctivefingerprints.够清除箩状指纹和其他使指纹与众不同的标志。失去指纹可是会有很大麻烦。AcasereleasedonlineinaletterbyAnnalsofOncologyindicateshowbiga__2__oflosingfingerprintsis.一个被肿瘤学年报在网上公布的信件中说明了失去指纹会带来多大麻烦。EngHuatTan,aSingapore-basedmedicaldoctordescribesa62-yearoldmanwhohasusedcapecitabineto__3__hisnasopharyngealcancer.Eng-HuatTan,咽癌62岁老人的经历dtovisitUSrelativeslastDecember.。ButhewasstoppedbyU.S.customsofficials__5__4hoursafterenteringthecountrywhenthoseofficialscouldn'tgetfingerprintsfromtheman.四小时之久，因为这些官员无法从他身上获取指纹Therewerenodistinctiveswirlyappearingfromhisindexfinger.在他的食指上没有旋涡状的指纹标记。US.customshasbeenfingerprintingincomingforeignvisitorsforyears,Tansays.美国海关数年以来一直都会采集来访外国人的指纹，Tan说。Theirindexfingersareandscreenedagainstdigitalfilesofthefingerprintsofbadguys—terroristsandpotentialcriminalsthatourfederalguardianshavebeentaskedwithkeepingoutofthecountry.采集并且和那些坏人的指纹进行数字化资料档案比对——我们的联邦卫士的职责是要把那些恐怖分子和疑似罪犯档在国门之外。UnfortunatelyfortheSingaporeantraveler，onepotential__8__effectofhisdrugtreatmentisasmoothingofthetissueonthefingerpads.__9__，nofingerprints.指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑，也就是说没有指纹Itisuncertainwhenfingerprintlosswilltotakeplaceinpatientswhoaretakingcapecitabine，”Tanpointsout.“对于服用卡培他滨的病人来说，指纹何时会消失是不确定的。”Tan指出adoctorsnotepointingoutthattheirmedicinemaycausefingerprintstodisappear.人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单。EventuallytheSingaporetravelermadeitintotheUnitedStates.Iguessthenameonhispassportdidn’traiseanyredflags.美国。我猜想他护照上的名字没有带有任何危险信号。Buthesalsonowgottheexplanatorydoctor’snote—andwon’tleavehomeministrationapproveduseofthedrugmedicine.该考虑更新该药物的副作用清单.Thecurrentlistdoesnotethatpatientsmayexperiencevomiting,stomachpainandtionthepotentialforlossoffingerprints.人会经历呕吐、胃痛和其他副作用，但是却有提及失去指纹的潜在危险.词汇：intnwhorln罗纹，箩状指纹gynitabinennasopharyngealadj.鼻炎的jdigitn.开始vomitv.呕吐capecitabine化疗药物，用于治疗转移性乳腺癌大肠癌、咽喉癌等，以减缓肿瘤生长。2.indexfinger:食指3.U.S.customs:美国海关。customs视作一个组织，用作单数名词，所以在文章中后接has。4.terroristsandpotentialcriminalsthatourfederalguardianshavebeentaskedwithkeepingoutofthecountry是要把那些恐怖分子和疑似罪犯档在国门之that个限制性定语从句，修饰terrorists叫dpotentialcriminals。that在定语从句中作keeping的宾语。5.traveler:旅行者。traveler是美国英语的拼法。英国英语的拼法是traveller。6.thetissueonthefingerpads:指尖上的肉垫组织7.Eventually,theSingaporetravelermadeitintotheUnited8.redflags:(表示危险的)红旗，即危险信号。挥动红旗表示危险，最初用于铁路，后redflags或红色小旗表示业绩下降等。9.theFoodandDrugAdministration:美国食品和药物局10.Thecurrentlistdoesnote有的副作用清单中确实列出。在肯定句谓语动词前加用do/does/did,是为了强调该动词，汉语可译为“确实”。如：HespeaksChinese,English,French,SpanishandRussian.HedoesspeakChinese,English,French,SpanishandRussian.汉语，英语，法语，西班牙语和俄语。)习：1.A.he.B.them.C.her.D.himB根据上下文的意思，失去(losing)的应该是fingerpririts。fingerprints是复它的代词是them。其他三个代词都不合适。2.A.theme.B.topic.C.creation.D.problemD说，失去指纹是一大问题。本句说，要举出一个实例以说项D最合适。3.A.treat.B.cut.C.find.D.smoothA描述了实例的细节。第一句说病人用一种药名为卡培他滨的抗treat是必然的选择。cut(切割)，find(寻找)smooth平)都与上下文接不上。4.A.recovery.B.diet.C.drug.D.diagnosis“治疗”等字眼，所以选drug是正确的。选recovery(康复)，diet(节食)或diagnosis(诊断)都与后面提到的病人进入美国受阻的事件接不上。5.A.in.B.at.C.for.D.onCfor达到”，for4hours意为“长达4小时”。6.A.digits.B.marks.C.images.D.picturesB采集不到那位癌症患者的指纹样本，于是盘问了他4小时s7.A.printed.B.located.C.cured.D.placedA止恐怖分子和罪犯进入美国，美国海关通过电脑对国人境者进。根据常理，海关要检查每一位外国人的指纹。采样的手指是食指。后面的screened(比照)是解题的重要线索，引导读Aprintedprinted=fingerprinted(采集指纹样本)。其他三个选项,即located(找出)、cured(治疗)和placed(置放)，都与上下文的意思接不上。8.A.normal.B.good.C.main.D.side9.A.However.B.Hence.C.Moreover.D.Furthermorener10.A.begin.B.like.C.decide.D.have10.A本段表达的意思是:提前为病人开具指纹可能会消失的证明单。totakeplace(发生)之前填上like,decide或have都与上下文的意思接不上，只有begin最合适。11.A.prevent.B.preserve.C.presume.D.prescribe11.D参阅上一题的题解。本题四个选项中的英语词的前三个字母都是pre-prescribe选D。12.A.off.B.on.C.without.D.withC不会不带上它。本题without是答案。位病人已单，现在他出门13.A.who.B.where.C.when.D.which13.D哪一个政府机构许可(approved)第一句提到的theFoodandDrugAdministration选项中，只有关系代词which能指代theFoodandDrugAdministration，它是approved动作的发出者。14.A.updating.B.using.C.printing.D.cancellingA段表达的意思是:过去该药列出的不良反应只包括呕吐等，没有A.must.B.does.C.may.D.shouldsofgerprintsnowheredoesitmentionthepotentialforlossoffingerprints”。所以，答案是B。xerciseGetHigherIQScores第十四篇运动的年轻人智商更高andSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital.该校校医院的一项最新研究表明，身体健。TheresultswererecentlypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences(PNAS).发表在美国国家科学院学报上。ThestudyinvolvedmillionSwedishmendoingmilitaryservicewhowerebornbetween1950and1976.TheresearchgroupanalyzedtheofbothphysicalandIQteststheyoungsterstookrightaftertheystartedservingthearmy.了体能测试和智能测试，研究人员对这两类测试数据进行了分析。Thestudyshowsaclearlink_goodphysicalfitnessandbetterresultsfortheIQtest.研究表明，健康的体能和优秀的智能测试结果之间的联系很明显。Thestrongestlinksareforthinkingandverbalcomprehension.的就是科学思维和语言理解能力与身体健康有关。Butitisonlyfitnessthatplaysa__5__intheresultsfortheIQtest，andnotstrength.商测试结果中只是健康在起作用，而与力量无关。“Beingfitmeansthatyoualsohavegoodheartandlung__6__andthatyourbraingetsplentyof__7__，”saysMichaelNilsson,professorattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandchiefphysicianattheSahlgrenskaUniversityHospital.“身体健康是指，一个人心肺功能好，能将充足的氧气源源不断地输入给大脑究院校医院首席内科医师迈克尔尼尔森“Thismaybeoneofthereasons__8__wecanseeaclearlinkwithfitness,butnotwithmuscular__9__.，“也许这存在明显联系，而与肌肉力量无关的原Wearealsoseeingthattherearegrowthfactorsthatareimportant.”titisprimarilyenvironmentalfactorsandnotgenesthatexplainthelinkbetween以得出结论，智商差异来自后天的环境越高。Wehavealsoshownthatthoseyoungsterswhotheirphysicalfitnessbetweentheagesof15and18increasetheircognitiveperformance,”saysMariaAberg,researcherattheSahlgrenskaAcademyandphysicianatAbyhealthcentre.“我们还发现，在15~byThisbeingthecasephysicalisasubjectthathasanimportantplaceinschoolsandisanabsolutemustifwewanttodowellinmathsandothertheoreticalsubjects.”“倘若情况果然如此，那么体育应成为学校中重要的一门学科，而且如果我们育课是非常有必要的的体格测试和智商测试的结果与他们后济地位进行了比较。Thosewhowerefitatweremorelikelytogointohighereducation,andmanysecuredmorequalifiedjobs.历更髙，很多都能胜任高要求的工作。词汇：proceedingsn.学报，论文集comprehensionn解muscularadj.肌肉的1.IQ:智商。IQ是intelligencequotient的缩写。2.revealsamajornewstudy：amajornewudyrevealssaysMichaelNilsson”和第五段出现的“saysMariaAberg”也是同一类型的倒装句。3.SahlgrenskaAcademy：瑞典哥德堡大学健康科学研究院4.theProc