山东省济南市历城区第一中学高三12月检测英语试题

历城一中2020届高三阶段性测试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdidthewomandotoday?A.Shepracticedthepiano. B.Shewrotesomeletters. C.Shemadeatravelplan.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M：Ithoughtyouhadplannedtopracticethepianotoday，Lisa.W：Well，Ididnothingbutwritelettersallday.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthewomandotomorrowafternoon?A.Gotothedentist. B.Gotoaphysicsclass. C.Meetwithhertrainer.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M：Doyouwanttogowithmetothegymtomorrowmorning?Mytrainersaidshewouldgiveyouafreeclass.W：Iwouldloveto.Justremindmetogotomydentistappointmentintheafternoon.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhathasBillybeendoingthisweekend?A.Visitingmuseums. B.Readingsomesciencebooks. C.Tryingtoeupwithanidea.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishyourscienceproject?Ihavebeenthinkingaboutitallweekend,andIcan’teupwithanythingworthmaking!Idon’tknowwhattodo.W:Don’tworry,Billy.IttookmeacoupleofmonthstogetmyscienceprojectworkedoutwhenIwasyourage.It’11etoyou.Whydon’tyoutrygoingtothemuseum?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdothespeakersfeel?A.Tired. B.Enjoyable. C.Frightened.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:It’ssoquietuphere.Andlookatallthosestars!M:Iknow.ThisiswhyIlikeinguphere.It’snicetogetoutofthecityonceinawhile，andImustadmitthatIlovesleepingoutdoorslikethis.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shedoesn’twanttoleave.B.Shewilltakeallthefilesaway.C.Shehasenoughtimetodealwithherwork.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:YouhaveonemoremonthherebeforeyougettransferredtotheChicagooffice.W:Don’tworry.IfullyintendtousethistimetocleanuptheofficeandorganizeallthefilesbeforeIleave.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatdidthewomansayabouttheman’sbrother?A.Hehaschangedalot. B.Hewasveryimpolitetoher. C.Shecanneverunderstandhim.7.Whatistheman’sexplanation?A.Hisbrotherhasapaininhisneck.B.Highschoollifeistoostressful.C.Thatisthewayteenagersare.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:Michael,yourlittlebrotherwasveryrudetomelastweek.Iwasreallysurprised.M:I'msorry,Janice.Hewillbesixteeninthreeweeks,andhehaschangedalotsincehestartedhighschool.W:Ihavetwoyoungerbrothersmyself,andtheyarenottheeasiestpeopletogetalongwith,soIguessIcanunderstand.M:Inallhonesty,IknowIwasapainintheneckwhenIwashisage,too.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Lookingforsomething. B.TalkingaboutatriptoFrance.CCheckingtheirluggageattheairport.9.Wherewasthewoman’spassport?A.Inherwallet. B.Underthedesk. C.Inhermakeupbag.10.Whatisthewomanlike?A.Sheisforgetful. B.Sheisimpatient. C.Sheisveryorganized.【答案】8.A9.C10.A【解析】【原文】M:Didyoufindyourpassportyet?Thetripisintwodays!W:No,notyet,butIknowitissomewherearoundhere!M:Honey,you’dbetterfindit!TheseticketstoFrancewerenotcheap.W:Iwill,Iwill.Youknowme,alwayslosingeverythingandthenfindingitatthelastsecond…M:Didyoucheckthebathroom?Maybeit’sinyourmakeupbag.Youcouldfitahouseinthatthing.W:WhywouldIputitinthere,Tim?That’sjustsilly.Itprobablyfellunderthedesk.M:IfIcheckinthebathroomandit’sthere,youowemeadrink!That’11bethefirstthingwedowhenwegettotheairport.W:Ifyousayso.I'mfairlycertainI'mnotthatforgetful,though.Anyway,thedrinksattheairportareusuallyprettypricey.M:Well,Iguessyou’dbetterstartsaving…W:Why?M:GuesswhatIfoundnexttoyourlipstick?听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InThailand. B.InHawaii. C.InMexico.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthecamera?A.Itcanbeusedunderwater. B.Itcannotbedropped. C.It’sprettyheavy.13.Howmuchdidthemanspendonhiscameraequipmentintotal?A.$200. B.$300. C.$350.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】【原文】W：Whatabeautifulplacethisis!M：Yeah.AfterthegraynessofNewYork，thecolorsofHawaiiseemsobright.W：Well，I'vebeentoalotofamazingbeachesinThailandandMexico，butthisisdefinitelyoneofthenicestonesI'vebeento.Whydon’twegoforaswim?Iheartherearelotsoftropicalfishwecansee.M：Goodidea.Icanusemynewvideocamera—it’swaterproof.W：Wow，wheredidyougetthat?M：IgotitinNewYorkaweekago.It’smadebyapanycalledGoPro.TheyspecializeinmakingHDvideocamerasforoutdoorsports.Thebodiesoftheircamerasaredesignedtobeextrastrong.Thecameracanhandlebeingdropped，andIcanuseitunderwaterupto60metersdeep.W：Andit’ssosmallandlightweight.Howmuchdiditcost?M：Well，Icouldhavegottentheoldermodelfor$200.ButIboughtthelatestversionfor$300，becauseit’slighterandhasbetterpicturequality.Ialsospentanextra$50forallextrabatterypack.W：Well，let’sgosoyoucanuseit!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhatdoesthemanwantthewomantodobyMonday?A.Callthemodels. B.Finishthefiles. C.Sendouttheinvitations.15.Whenisthecharityparty?A.Thisweekend. B.Nextweek. C.Nextmonth.16.Wheredothespeakersprobablywork?A.Atabakingpany. B.Atafashionpany. C.Atahousingpany.【答案】14.B15.C16.B【解析】【原文】M:IamgoingtoneedthosefileseditedandpletedbyMonday,Sarah.Iexpecttoseethemonmydeskfirstthingnextweek.W:Yougotit,Mr.Bensen.Isthereanythinginparticularyouwouldlikemetoinclude?M:Justmakesurethatyouhighlightallofourupingshows.Iwantourclientstobeawareofourneweventsandclothesstyles.W:Ofcourse,sir.ShouldIstartsendingouttheinvitationsfornextmonth’scharityparty?M:Yes!Thatneedstobeahugesuccessifweexpectanythingfromoursummerlinetobereadyanytimesoon.W:I'llcallthemodelsthisweekendandremindthemofthefittingnextweek.Hopefully,theycanbehelpfulforthedonationsfortheevent.M:Iwouldliketothinkso.Isn’tthatwhatthisbusinessisallabout—makingpeoplelookgoodandbeingsurroundedbythepeoplethatlookthebest?W:Iguessso,sir.I'dliketothinkthatourmarketismorethanjustgood—lookingpeople,though.M:Whatthemediawants,Sarah,themediagets.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatisthespeaker’sattitude?A.Nooneisbornagenius.B.Toomuchpracticeisnotuseful.C.Talentedpeopleneedn’tworkhard.18.WhendidMozartbeginposing?A.Attheageofthree. B.Attheageoffive. C.Attheageofeight.19.HowdidJimiHendrixlearntoplaytheguitar?A.Hisfathertaughthim. B.Helearnedatschoo1. C.Hetaughthimself.20.WhathappenedtoEinsteinaftergraduation?A.Hecouldn’tfindajob.B.Hewasanimmediatesuccess.C.Hegaveuphisstudiesforawhile.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】Nothinginthisworldcanbeachievedwithouteffort.Mozartwasn’tbornaposer.Hepracticedthepianofromtheageofthreeandbeganposingbytheageoffive.Hisfather，whowasalsohisteacher，wasverystrictwiththeboy.JimiHendrixusedtowalkaroundhishousewithaguitarandplayuptoeighthoursaday.Asachild，Jimiusedtolistentohisfather’sbluesrecordsalonewithabroom，pretendingtoplayitlikeaguitar.Neitherofthemhadtheirgiftjustgiventothematbirth.Theyhadtoworkhardanddiscoverthattheyhadagift.Andtheydidn’tjustmakedowithwhattheyhadafterthat.Theykeptatit.Hendrixdidn’tevenknowhowtoreadmusic，soeverythinghelearned，helearnedthroughlistening.AnotherexampleisAlbertEinstein，thefatherofmodernphysics.Hewastoldthathewouldneverbeasuccessatanything.Noonewantedtohirehimafterhegraduatedfromcollege.Buthebelievedinhimself，andheperseveredwithhisstudiesonhisown.Now，I’mnottryingtosaythateveryonecanbeaMozartoranEinsteiniftheyjustputinalotoftimedoingsomething.Butwitheffortandpassion，onecanachieveagreatdeal.Withoutthosethings，you’renotgoingtoachievemuch.Luckestothosewhoprepareforit.Ifyoudosomethingyoulove，don’tletlittlebumpsalongtheroadstopyou.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASmartKidsFestivalEventsSmartKidsisacollectionofonehundredeventsscheduledinOctober.Thisyear,itisexperimentingwithPayWhatYouDecide(PWYD).Thatis,youcandecidetopaywhatyouwanttoorcanafford,afteryouhaveattendedanevent.Youcanprebookeventswithoutpayingforaticketinadvance.Herearesomeofthedirector’spicks.WalkontheWildSideNotticketed,FreeJoinstorytellerSarahLawtohearsciencestoriesaboutanimals.Alongthewayyou’llmeetallsortsofbeautifulcreaturesanddiscoverlifecyclesandfoodchains.Bestsuitedtochildrenaged59.Childrenunder8mustbeacpaniedbyanadult.IntroductiontoWavesPrebookPWYDSubjectsrangefromsoundwavestogravitywaves,andfromwavesoflighttocrashingwavesontheocean.MikeGoldsmithexploresthefundamentalfeaturessharedbyallwavesinthenaturalworld.ScienceintheFieldNotticketed,FreeThisstorytellingnightfeaturesascientistsharinghisfavouritememoriesofgatheringfirsthanddataonvariousfieldtrips.ealongforinspiringandinformativestoriesstraightfromthescientist’smouth.JoinMarkSamuelstofindoutmoreinthisfunfilledworkshop.FestivalDinnerPrebook,£25perpersonWhetheryouwanttoexploremoreaboutfood,orjustfancyatalkoverameal,joinustomarkthefirstsciencefestivalinLondon.Whichfoodsshouldyoueattotrickyourbrainintothinkingthatyouarefull?FindoutmorefromTomCrawford.21.Inwhicheventcanyoudecidethepayment?A.WalkontheWildSideB.IntroductiontoWavesC.ScienceintheFieldD.FestivalDinner22.Whowilltalkaboutexperiencesofcollectingdirectdata?A.SarahLaw.B.MikeGoldsmith.C.MarkSamuels.D.TomCrawford.23Whatdothefoureventshaveinmon?A.Familybased.B.Sciencethemed.C.Pickedbychildren.D.Filledwithadventures.【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了SmartKids收集的在十月份举行的四项以科学会主题的活动，以及各个活动的内容和特色。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Thisyear,itisexperimentingwithPayWhatYouDecide(PWYD).Thatis,youcandecidetopaywhatyouwanttoorcanafford可知PWYD中你可以决定付款，而四项活动中只有IntroductiontoWaves有PWYD，故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据ScienceintheField活动中的Thisstorytellingnightfeaturesascientistsharinghisfavouritememoriesofgatheringfirsthanddataonvariousfieldtrips.可知MarkSamuels会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆。故选C。【23题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句JoinstorytellerSarahLawtohearsciencestoriesaboutanimals.（和讲故事的萨拉·劳一起来听关于动物的科学故事。）；第三段第一句Subjectsrangefromsoundwavestogravitywaves,andfromwavesoflighttocrashingwavesontheocean.（实验对象范围从声波到重力波，从光波到撞击海洋的波浪。）；第四段第一句Thisstorytellingnightfeaturesascientistsharinghisfavouritememoriesofgatheringfirsthanddataonvariousfieldtrips.（这位科学家会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆。）与最后一段第一句Whetheryouwanttoexploremoreaboutfood,orjustfancyatalkoverameal,joinustomarkthefirstsciencefestivalinLondon.（无论你是想探索更多关于食物的知识，还是只是想边吃边聊，加入我们来纪念伦敦首届科学节吧。）可知这四项活动的共同点都是以科学为主题的，故选B。BThoughonlyjust21whendiagnosedwiththediseaseALS,Hawkingwasperhapsthemostfamousscientistintheworldwhenhediedin2018atage76.His1988book,ABriefHistoryofTime,soldtenmillioncopiesandmadehimanunlikelysuperstareventopeoplewhosweatedthroughhighschoolscience.HumorwasalwaysabigpartofHawking’sefforttobringphysicstothemasses.Inhis2010book,TheGrandDesign,forinstance,herecountshow,in1277,theCatholicChurchdeclaredscientificlawssuchasgravitytobewrong,sincetheyseemedagainstGod'sidea.“Interestingly,”thetextaddsjokingly,“PopeJohnwaskilledbytheeffectsofthelawofgravityafewmonthslaterwhentheroofofhispalacefellinonhim.”“Helovedadventureandfun,”saysMlodinow,whooncetookHawkingonapuntboattripdownthefiverCaminCambridge,England,despitetheobviousdangeroftheboatturningover.“YouknowaboutwhenhewentontheVomitet?It’saplanethatfliesinaparabolicpathsoyouareweightless,likeyouareinspace.Alotofpeoplevomit,buthelovedthatsortofthing.”Andhewas65atthetime.Hawking’sgreatesthit,humorwise,wasprobablythecocktailpartyhethrewin2009.Itwasa“welereceptionforfuturetimetravelers,”hesaid,sonaturally,hesentouttheinvitationsthedayaftertheparty.Nooneshowedupyet.“Maybeonedaysomeonelivinginthefuturewillfindtheinformationanduseawormholetimemachinetoebacktomyparty,provingthattimetravelwillonedaybepossible,”Hawkingexplained.Andifthathappens,don’tbesurprisedifHawkingistheretoo.Afterall,henevermissedachancetohavefun.24.WhatdoesthetextmainlytellusaboutHawking?A.Herelatedphysicstohumorclosely. B.HemadegreatcontributionstophysicsC.Hewentthroughmanyfunnyexperiences. D.Hewasoptimisticaboutthefutureofscience.25.WhatcanlearnaboutPopeJohn?A.HewasnotinfavorofGod. B.HewasascientistlikeHawking.C.Hewasopposedtothelawofgravity. D.Hewaskilledduetothediscoveryofgravity.26.WhatdroveHawkingtogoontheVomitet?A.Hisfondnessofadventure. B.Theinvitationfromhisfriend.C.Therequirementsofhiswork. D.HisdesireforrecoveryfromALS.27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Thecocktailpartywasagreatsuccess.B.Thepossibilityoftimetravelwasnotproved.C.Hawkingwasamanwhoenjoyedholdingparties.D.Thewormholetimemachinewasusedatthattime.【答案】24.A25.C26.A27.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要写了著名的科学家霍金不仅使用幽默让人们理解物理，同时也是一个幽默乐观的人。【24题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“HumorwasalwaysabigpartofHawking’sefforttobringphysicstothemasses.”可知霍金一直努力用幽默的方式让人们理解物理。结合下文的解释说明可推断，这篇文章主要告诉我们，霍金把物理学和幽默紧密地联系在一起。故选A。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Inhis2010book,TheGrandDesign,forinstance,herecountshow,in1277,theCatholicChurchdeclaredscientificlawssuchasgravitytobewrong,sincetheyseemedagainstGod'sidea.‘Interestingly,’thetextaddsjokingly,‘PopeJohnwaskilledbytheeffectsofthelawofgravityafewmonthslaterwhentheroofofhispalacefellinonhim.’”可知，在他2010年出版的TheGrandDesign一书中，他叙述了天主教会如何在1277年宣布万有引力等科学定律是错误的，因为它们似乎违背了上帝的旨意。“有趣的是，”文中开玩笑地补充道，“几个月后，教皇PopeJohn被万有引力定律的影响所杀死，当时他的宫殿的屋顶塌了下来。”由此可推知，PopeJohn反对万有引力定律。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Helovedadventureandfun(他喜欢冒险和乐趣)”以及后文“Alotofpeoplevomit,buthelovedthatsortofthing.(很多人都会呕吐，但他就是喜欢那一种东西)”由此可知，霍金喜欢冒险驱使霍金登上Vomitet。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Maybeonedaysomeonelivinginthefuturewillfindtheinformationanduseawormholetimemachinetoebacktomyparty,provingthattimetravelwillonedaybepossible”可知也许有一天，未来的人会找到信息，用虫洞时间机器回到我的聚会上，证明有一天时间旅行会成为可能的。由此可推知，时间旅行的可能性没有被证明。故选B。CItseemseverymajorcityandtownaroundtheworldhostsanannualmarathon,withthousandsofathletesrunningagruelling42.1kilometres.Whilemanyrunners'motivationistobeattheirpersonalbestandcrossthefinishinglinewithoutcollapsing,they'realsodoingitforagoodcause—togeneratefundsforcharity.Butlikeothermajorevents,themarathonalsogeneratesamassivecarbonfootprint.Thousandstravel—somebyplane—tothelocation,andwastefromfoodpackagingandgoodybagsgetsleftbehindbyspectatorsandrunners.Thisisbeingabigissueforcities—howtohostaworthwhileevent,encouragingpeopletoexerciseandhelpcharities,whileprotectingtheenvironment?Severalcitieshavedevelopedformalplanstoreducetheirenvironmentalimpactandpromotesustainable（可持续的）ideas.OneeventinWales,forexample,introducedrecyclingforoldrunningkit.It'ssomethingthatthisyear'sLondonMarathontriedtotacklebyreducingthenumberofdrinkstationsontherunningroute,givingoutwaterinpapercupsandofferingsomedrinksineatableseaweedcapsules.Theyalsotriallednewbottlebeltsmadefromrecycledplasticso700runnerscouldcarrywaterbottleswiththemduringtheirrun.LondonMarathoneventdirectorHughBrasnertoldtheBBC:“Therearealotofinitiatives（倡议）weareusingthisyearthatwethinkwillleadtosomehugebehaviouralchangesinthefuture.”Meanwhile,somepeoplestillthinkrunningamarathoncouldbeourbestfootforwardinhelpingtheplanet.DrAndreaCollinsfromCardiffUniversitytoldtheBBC:“Trainingforamarathonmakesyoumoresustainableindaytodayactivities.Istartedwalkingorrunningtoworkeverydayandshunningpublictransportaltogether.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlywhiletrainingstickswithyouandbeesawayoflife.”28.Whydomanypeopleenterforamarathon?A.Toachievetheirownambitions.B.Togenerateamassivecarbonfootprint.C.Toimprovethemselvesbothphysicallyandmentally.DTochallengetheirpersonallimitationsandraisemoneyforcharities.29.WhatdidHughBrasnerthinkofthisyear'sLondonMarathon?A.ItmaybringalargeprofittoLondon.B.Itsavedalotofwaterresourcesandpower.C.Itmayimprovepeople'sbehaviourinthefuture.D.ItmaymakeLondonersmorefriendlywhenrunningamarathon.30.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“shunning”inthelastparagraph?A.Damaging. B.Avoiding.C.Choosing. D.Changing.31.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Runningamarathoncanmakemoremoney.B.Runningamarathoncandogreatdamagetotheearth.C.Runningamarathoncanchangepeople'slifepletely.D.Runningamarathoncancontributetoprotectingtheearth.【答案】28.D29.C30.B31.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。现如今，许多城市和乡镇都举办了马拉松比赛，马拉松旨在为一些公益活动募集资金，但马拉松的举办也为城市带来了环境问题。有一些城市已经采取了一些措施，来保证马拉松比赛的可持续性发展，如减少马拉松赛程中的供水站，以水囊的形式代替等等。【28题详解】细节理解题。文中第一段第二句提到“manyrunners'motivationistobeattheirpersonalbestandcrossthefinishinglinewithoutcollapsing,they'realsodoingitforagoodcause—togeneratefundsforcharity”许多参赛的动机是打破他们的个人最好记录，同时还为了一个非常好的目的，就是为了慈善机构募款。D项符合题意，故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。第二段最后一句提到“Therearealotofinitiatives（倡议）weareusingthisyearthatwethinkwillleadtosomehugebehaviouralchangesinthefuture.”HughBrasner认为，在这几年马拉松比赛中使用的一些环保倡议会引起将来一些行为上的巨大改变，C项符合提议，故选C。【30题详解】词义猜测题。最后一段第二句提到“Trainingforamarathonmakesyoumoresustainableindaytodayactivities.Istartedwalkingorrunningtoworkeveryday”为马拉松做出的训练可以使人能够更加适应每天的日常活动，DrAndreaCollins也开始每天走路或跑步上下班，这样的通勤方式可以避免交通拥堵，因此可以用avoid代替shun，故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。最后一段第一句提到“runningamarathoncouldbeourbestfootforwardinhelpingtheplanet”跑马拉松是在用个人的力量帮助这个星球，最后一句也提到“Beingenvironmentallyfriendlywhiletrainingstickswithyouandbeesawayoflife.”这样做既能运动同时对环境也有帮助，成为新兴的生活方式，D项符合文意，故选D。DEngineersinUpstateNewYorkhaveinventedafoldedpaperdevicethatlookslikeadecoratedartproject.Butdon'tbefooled.Thisisactuallyapaperbasedbattery.No,itdoesn'tlooklikeanyofthosemetalbatteriesrunningflashlightsorsmartphones.Inthesesystems,thebatterycanbeprintedonapage.Thebattery'spowerconsistsoflivingbacteria.Paperelectronicsaresimpletomakeandinexpensive,notesstudyleaderSeokheunChoi,anengineeratBinghamtonUniversity.Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.“Mostbatteriesusechemicalstogenerateelectricity.Substitutingbacteriacanbeanadvantage,”Choisays.“Theyarecheapandselfrepairing.”Whatpaperbasedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces—suchasabattlefield.Theymightalsofinduseinmedicine.Forinstance,theymightpowertinysensors,suchasthetypesusedtomeasurebloodsugar.Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood.Scientistsrefertothebiobatteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells.Afuelcellgenerateselectricitylikearegularbattery.Butaregularbatterystopsproducingelectricitywhenitsinnerchemicalreactionsstop.Afuelcellusesfuelthatcanberefilled.Inthiscase,bacteriaserveasthefuel.Byrefillingmoremicrobes,asneeded,scientistscankeepthesefuelcellsrunning.Labtestshaveshownthatthenewbatterycanproduceacurrent.Now,Choiandhisteamarelookingatwaystoincreasethepower.They'restudyingdifferentshapesandmaterialsfortheanodeandcathode（正负极）.They'realsolookingforthebestwaystobinebatteriesformorepower.Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem.Andtheysurelywillbeatrendinthenearfuture.32.Whatmakesthepaperbasedbatteriesdifferentfromotherbatteries?A.Theyaremainlyusedtorunsmartphones.B.Theyusebacteriatogenerateelectricity.C.Theyareusedtodecoratesmalldevices.D.Theytakeamuchshortertimetorecharge.33.Whatcanthepaperbasedbatteriesdo?A.Powertinydevices. B.Lowerbloodsugarlevels.C.Producemuchelectricity. D.Changechemicalsinthepaper.34.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theapplicationofthenewbattery.B.Thecharacteristicsofthepaperbatteries.C.Theintentiontoinventthedevice.D.Theworkingprincipleoftheinvention.35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthepaperbasedbatteries?A.Defensive. B.Optimistic.C.Doubtful. D.Ambiguous.【答案】32.B33.A34.D35.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。【32题详解】细节理解题。第二段最后两句提到“Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.”这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。第三段第三句提到“Whatpaperbasedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces”纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。【34题详解】主旨大意题。第四段第一句提到“Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood”，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。因此，科学家们“Scientistsrefertothebiobatteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells”根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，D项符合文意。故选D。【35题详解】推理判断题。最后一段最后一句提到“Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem”该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。作者用到beauty“优点”一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。A.Defensive.保守的，B.Optimistic.乐观的，C.Doubtful.怀疑的，D.Ambiguous.不明确的。B项符合文意，故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mostcarshaveseatbeltsaspartoftheirequipment.Seatbeltsprotectdriversandpassengersincaseofaccidents.Theyalsoreducetheeffectofacrashonthebody.____36____Worldwide,thedeviceshaveprotecteduptoamillionpeople.Americafirstrecognizedtheinventionofanautomobileseatbeltin1849.ThegovernmentgaveapatenttoanengineernamedEdwardClaghornofNewYorkCitysothatotherswouldnotcopyhisinventionofasafetydevice.___37___Thisearlyversionofsafetybeltwassaidtoincludehooksandotherattachmentsforsecuringthepersontoafixedobject.Otherinventorsfollowedwithdifferentversionsoftheseatbelt.___38___ItresultedfromtheworkofaSwedishengineer,NilsBohlin.Histhreepoint,lapandshoulderseatbeltfirstappearedoncarsinEurope50yearsago.NilsBohlinrecognizedthatboththeupperandlowerbodyneededtobeheldsecurelyinplace.Hisinventioncontainedaclothstrap(带子)thatwasplacedacrossthechestandanotherstrapacrosshiships(臀部).___39___Volvowasthefirstpanytoofferthemodernseatbelttoitscars.ThispanyalsoprovideduseofNilsBohlin'sdesigntoothercarmakers.___40___HereceivedagoldmedalfromtheRoyalSwedishAcademyofEngineeringSciencesin1995.HediedinSwedenin2002.A.ClaghorncalledhisinventionasafetybeltB.Thedesignjoinedthestrapsnexttothehip.C.TheSwedishengineerwonmanyhonorsforhisseatbelt.D.SafetyexpertssaythatseatbeltssavethousandsoflivesayearinAmericaalone.E.TherearemanypaniesadoptingNilsBohlin'sinventionofthebelt.F.Claghornwasapromisingyoungengineerwithmanyhonorsallhislife.G.Butmorethan100yearspassedbeforethecurrentseatbeltwasdeveloped.【答案】36.D37.A38.G39.B40.C【解析】本文讲述了安全带的发展史。【36题详解】根据下句Worldwide,thedeviceshaveprotecteduptoamillionpeople.可知，下句说的是在全球安全带保护人类的作用，而本段后面说的是安全带在美国的发展，所以此处应表达是安全带在美国的巨大作用。故选D。【37题详解】前句提到了发明者的名字EdwardClaghorn，后句提到了Thisearlyversionofsafetybelt，所以此处应该是EdwardClaghorn发明的物品的名字。故选A。【38题详解】此处表达人们进行了不同的尝试，直到50多年前才出现在车里，所以表明经过一百多年的发展。故选G。【39题详解】前句提到了aclothstrap(带子)和hips(臀部)，而且此段是在讲安全带的工作原理，故B项正确。【40题详解】根据前段中提到的NilsBohlin'sdesign，而且本段讲述他获奖的具体情况，故此处表达NilsBohlin因为此发明获奖。选C项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwas1972,andIwasinsecondgrade.Intheclassroomtheteacher,Ms.Boyette,was___41___aloudtousfromIslandoftheBlueDolphins.Andwehadjustetoapartofthebookwherethemaincharacterwastrainingawilddog.Iwaslistening,caughtupinthe___42___ofall.Notfarawayfromme,thereseatedaboywhoalwaysfrightenedor___43___others,soIwas___44___ofthisboy.WhileMs.Boyettewasreading,Ilookedoverathim,forhewassomeoneIwasinthe___45___ofkeepinganeyeon.Inoticedthathewaslisteningtoo,thathewasengagedbythe___46___,thathewasleaningforwardinhisseatandlisteningwithallhisheart.I___47___athim,openmouthed.Iwas___48___withasuddenknowledgethatthisboywasinfactjust___49___me.Hewasakidwholikedastory.Theboymust___50___myeyesonhim，becauseheturned.Thensomething___51___happened.Hesmiledatme.___52___,Ismiledback,unafraid.Weweretwokidssmilingateachother.WhyhaveIneverforgottenthissmallmoment?WhydoIstill___53___everydetailofit?Ithinkit’sbecausethatmomentillustrates(阐释)sobeautifullythe___54___ofreadingoutloud.Itshowsusintoasaferoom,whereeveryoneinvolved,thereaderandthelistener,canhavethatchanceto___55___eachother.Wehumanslongnotjustforthestory,notjustfortheflowoflanguage,butfortheconnectionthateswhenwordsarereadaloud.41.A.shouting B.singing C.talking D.reading4