2023年6月英语六级考试真题附答案解析(全3套)

2023年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套)

DirectionszForthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayon

theuseofrobots.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorerobots

taketheplaceofhumanbeingsinindustryaswellaspeople'sdailylives.You

arerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendof

eachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoose

thebestanswer,fromthefourchoicesmarkedA)zB),C)andD),Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Projectorganizer.

B)Publicrelationsofficer.

C)Marketingmanager.

D)Marketresearchconsultant.

2.A)Quantitativeadvertisingresearch.

B)Questionnairedesign.

C)Researchmethodology.

D)Interviewertraining.

3.A)Theyareintensivestudiesofpeople'sspendinghabits.

B)Theyexaminerelationsbetweenproducersandcustomers.

C)Theylookfornewandeffectivewaystopromoteproducts.

D)Theystudytrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongperiod.

4.A)Thelackofpromotionopportunity.

B)Checkingchartsandtables.

C)Designingquestionnaires.

D)Thepersistentintensity.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)HisviewonCanadianuniversities.

B)Hisunderstandingofhighereducation.

C)Hissuggestionsforimprovementsinhighereducation.

D)HiscomplaintaboutbureaucracyinAmericanuniversities.

6.A)Itiswelldesigned.

B)Itisratherinflexible.

C)Itvariesamonguniversities.

D)Ithasundergonegreatchanges.

7.A)TheUnitedStatesandCanadacanlearnfromeachother.

B)Publicuniversitiesareoftensuperiortoprivateuniversities.

C)Everyoneshouldbegivenequalaccesstohighereducation.

D)Privateschoolsworkmoreefficientlythanpublicinstitutions.

8.A)Universitysystemsvaryfromcountrytocountry.

B)Efficiencyisessentialtouniversitymanagement.

C)Itishardtosaywhichisbetter;apublicuniversityoraprivateone.

D)ManyprivateuniversityintheU.S.areactuallylargebureaucracies.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeach

passage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoose

thebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Government'sroleinresolvinganeconomiccrisis.

B)Theworseningrealwagesituationaroundtheworld.

C)IndicationsofeconomicrecoveryintheUnitedStates.

D)Theimpactofthecurrenteconomiccrisisonpeopledlife.

10.A)Theywillfeellesspressuretoraiseemployees*wages.

B)Theywillfeelfreetochoosethemostsuitableemployees.

C)Theywillfeelinclinedtoexpandtheirbusinessoperations.

D)Theywillfeelmoreconfidentincompetingwiththeirrivals.

11.A)Employeesandcompaniescooperatetopullthroughtheeconomiccrisis.

B)Governmentandcompaniesjoinhandstocreatejobsfortheunemployed.

C)Employeesworkshorterhourstoavoidlayoffs.

D)Teamworkwillbeencouragedincompanies.

PassageTwo

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Whethermemorysupplementswork.

B)Whetherherbalmedicineworkswonders.

C)Whetherexerciseenhancesone'smemory.

D)Whetheramagicmemorypromisessuccess.

13.A)Theyhelptheelderlymorethantheyoung.

B)Theyarebeneficialinonewayoranother.

C)Theygenerallydonothavesideeffects.

D)Theyarenotbasedonrealscience.

14.A)Theyareavailableatmostcountryfairs.

B)Theyaretakeninrelativelyhighdosage.

C)Theyarecollectedorgrownbyfarmers.

D)Theyareprescribedbytrainedpractitioners.

15.A)Theyhaveoftenprovedtobeashelpfulasdoingmentalexercise.

B)Takingthemwithothermedicationsmightentailunnecessaryrisks.

C)Theireffectlastsonlyashorttime.

D)Manyhavebenefitedfromthem.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalks

followedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.

Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B)zC)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

RecordingOne

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Howcatastrophicnaturaldisastersturnouttobetodevelopingnations.

B)HowtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationstudiesnaturaldisasters.

C)Howpowerlesshumansappeartobeinfaceofnaturaldisasters.

D)Howthenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbereduced.

17.A)Bytrainingrescueteamsforemergencies.

B)Bytakingstepstopreparepeopleforthem.

C)Bychangingpeople'sviewsofnature.

D)Byrelocatingpeopletosaferplaces.

18.A)Howpreventiveactioncanreducethelossoflife.

B)HowcourageousCubansareinfaceofdisasters.

C)HowCubanssufferfromtropicalstorms.

D)Howdestructivetropicalstormscanbe.

RecordingTwo

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)PaybacktheirloanstotheAmericangovernment.

B)Provideloanstothoseinseverefinancialdifficulty.

C)Contributemoretothegoalofawiderrecovery.

D)Speeduptheirrecoveryfromthehousingbubble.

20.A)Somebanksmayhavetomergewithothers.

B)Manysmallerregionalbanksaregoingtofail.

C)Itwillbehardforbankstoprovidemoreloans.

D)Manybankswillhavetolayoffsomeemployees.

21.A)Itwillworkcloselywiththegovernment.

B)Itwillendeavortowriteoffbadloans.

C)Itwilltrytolowertheinterestrate.

D)Itwilltrytoprovidemoreloans.

22.A)Itwon'thelptheAmericaneconomytoturnaround.

B)Itwon'tdoanygoodtothemajorcommercialbanks.

C)ItwillwintheapprovaloftheObamaadministration.

D)Itwillbenecessaryiftheeconomystartstoshrinkagain.

RecordingThree

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Beingunabletolearnnewthings.

B)Beingratherslowtomakechanges.

C)Losingtempermoreandmoreoften.

D)Losingtheabilitytogetonwithothers.

24.A)Cognitivestimulation.

B)Communityactivity.

C)Balanceddiet.

D)Freshair.

25.A)Ignoringthesignsandsymptomsofaging.

B)Adoptinganoptimisticattitudetowardslife.

C)Endeavoringtogiveupunhealthylifestyles.

D)Seekingadvicefromdoctorsfromtimetotime.

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequir

edtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordban

kfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyo

urchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthec

Orrespondingletterforeachitemon,AnswerStreet2withasinglelinethroug

hthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Let'ssayyouloveroller-skating.Justthethoughtof_26_onyourroller-sk

atesbringsasmiletoyourface.Youalsoknowthatroller-skatingisexcellent

exercise.Youhavea_27_attitudetowardit.

Thisdescriptionofroller-skating_28_thethreecomponentsofanattitud

e:affect,cognition,andbehavior.Youlovetheactivity;it'sgreatfun.Thesef

eelings_29—theaffectiveoremotionalcomponent;theyareanimportan

tingredientinattitudes.Theknowledgewehaveabouttheobjectconstitutes

thecognitivecomponentofanattitude.YouUnderstandthehealth_30_

_thattheactivitycanbring.Finally,attitudeshaveabehavioralcomponent.

Ourattitudes_31—ustogooutsidetoenjoyroller-skating.

Nowzwedon'twanttoleaveyouwiththe_32_thatthesethreecomponent

salwaysWorktogether_33_.Theydon't;sometimestheyclash.Forexam

pie,let'ssayyoulovepizza(affectivecomponent);however,youhavehighc

holesterolandunderstand(knowledgecomponent)thateatingpizzamayb

ebadforyourhealth.Whichbehaviorwillyourattituderesultin,eatingpizza

or_34_it?Theanswerdependsonwhichcomponenthappenstobestron

ger.Ifyouarewalkingpastapizzarestaurantatlunchtime,youremotionsan

dfeelingsprobablywillbestrongerthanyourknowledgethatpizzamaynotb

ethebestfoodforyourhealth.Inthatinstance,youhavepizzaforlunch.Ify

ouareathometryingtodecidewheretogofordinner,however,theknowled

gecomponentmay_35_,andyoudecidetogowhereyoucaneatahealt

hiermeal.

A.avoiding

B.benefits

C.highlight

0,illustrates

E.impression

F.improves

GJnquiring

H.perfectly

1.positive

J.prevail

K.primarily

L.prompt

M.specifications

N.strapping

O.typical

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

statementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneof

theparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwitha

letter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2.

TheChangingGeneration

[A]Itturnsouttoday'steenagersaren,tsoscaryafterall.ResultsofUSA

WEEKEND'STeensParentssurveyrevealagenerationofyoungpeoplewho

getalongwellwiththeirparentsandapproveofthewaythey'rebeingraised.

Theythinkoftheirparentswithaffectionandrespect.TheyspeakwithMomor

Dadwhentheyhaveaproblem.Mostfeelthattheirparentsunderstandthem,

andtheybelievetheirfamilyistheNo.1priorityintheirparents,lives.Many

eventhinktheirparentsarecool!Althoughmorethanathirdhaveanobjectin

theirroomstheywouldliketokeepsecretfromtheirparents,rarelyisit

anythingmorealarmingthanadiaryoroff-color（低俗的）bookorCD.

[B]Suchresultsmayseemsurprisingagainstthebackgroundofshocking

incidentsthatcolorthewaythemassmediaportraytheyoung.InOctober

2000,,thesamemonththesurveywastaken,theWashington-basedCenterfor

MediaandPublicAffairswroteinitspublicationMediaMonitorthat,inarecent

monthofTVnewscoverageofAmericanyouth,just2%ofteenswereshownat

home,andjust1%wereportrayedinaworksetting.Incontrast,thecriminal

justicesystemaccountedfornearlyoneoutofeveryfivevisualbackgrounds.

Nowonderparentsworrytheirownkidsmightspinoutofcontroloncetheyhit

theturbulentwatersofadolescence.

[C]Theoverallfactsoughttoreassureus.Thesurveyshowsusthattoday's

teensareaffectionate,sensibleandfarhappierthantheangryandtortured

soulsthathavebeenpaintedforusbystereotypes.Fromothersources,wealso

knowteenagecrime,drugabuseandpremaritalsexareingeneraldecline.Wez

ofcourse,needtopayattentiontoyoungsterswhoarefilledwithdiscontentand

hostility,butweshouldnotallowtheseextremecasestodistortourviewof

mostyoungpeople.

[D]MyownresearchattheStanfordCenteronAdolescenceusesin-depth

interviewswithsmallsamplesofyoungstersratherthanlarge-scalesurveys.

Still,inmystudiesandothersIhaveread,IfindthesamepatternsasinUSA

WEEKEND'Ssurvey.Today'steenagersadmiretheirparentsandwelcome

parentalguidanceaboutimportantmatterssuchascareerchoice—though

certainlynotMomandDad'sadviceonmattersofpersonaltaste,suchasmusic

orfashion.Whenweaskteenstochooseahero,theyusuallyselectanolder

familymemberratherthanaremotepublicfigure.Mostteenssaytheyenjoy

thecompanyofbothparentsandfriends.

[E]Contrarytosomestereotypes,mostadolescentsbelievetheymustbe

tolerantofdifferencesamongindividuals（thoughtheydonotalwaysfindthis

easyinthecliquish（拉帮结派的）environmentofhighschool）.Manyofthem

volunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople.Oneprevalent

qualitywehavefoundinteens,statementsaboutthemselves,theirfriendsand

theirfamiliesisastrikinglypositiveemotionaltone.Byandlarge,thesearevery

nicekids,andasthebandTheWhousedtosing,"Thekidsarealright.,,

[F]Howmuchistoday'sspiritofharmonyachangefromourmoreturbulent

past?Ameregenerationago,parent-childrelationsweredescribedas"the

generationgap".Yeteventhenreportsofwidespreadyouthrebellionwere

overdone:Mostkidsinthe,60sand70ssharedtheirparents,basicvalues.Still,

itistruethatAmericanfamiliesaregrowingcloseratthedawnofthisnew

millennium（千年）,Perhapsthereislesstofightabout,withthecountryina

periodoftranquilityandthedangersofdrugabuseandotherunwholesome

behaviorwellknown.Perhapsinthefaceofimpersonalandintimidating

globalization,ayoungperson'sfamilyfeelsmorelikeafriendlyhaventhanan

oppressivetrap.Andperhapsparentsareactingmorelikeparentsthaninthe

recentpast.Withinjustthepastfiveyears,Ihavenoticedparentsreturningto

abeliefthatteenagersneedtheguidanceofeldersratherthantheliberal,

"anythinggoes"modeofchild-rearingthatbecamepopularinthesecondhalfof

the20thcentury.

[G]Butmissingfromallthesedataisthesensethattoday,syoungcarevery

muchabouttheircountry,aboutthebroadercivicandpoliticalenvironment,or

aboutthefutureoftheirsociety.Theyseemtobeturninginward—generallyin

apro-socialmanner,certainlywithpositivebenefitsforintimaterelationships,

buttoooftenattheexpenseofaconnectionwiththepresentandfutureworld

beyond,includingthesocietytheywillonedayinherit.

[H]Recently,weexaminedmorethan400essaysonthe"lawsoflife"thatteens

fromtwocommunitieshadwrittenaspartofaneducationalprograminitiated

bytheJohnTempletonFoundationinRadnor;Pa.Inthoseessays,andin

follow-upinterviewswithafewoftheteenagers,wefoundlotsofinsight,

positivefeelingandinspirationalthinking.Butwealsofoundlittleinterestin

civiclifebeyondthetightcirclesoftheirfamilyandimmediatefriends.

[I]Forexample,onlyoneboysaidhewouldliketobepresidentwhenhegrows

up.WhenIwasinhighschool,dozensinmyclassalonewouldhaveanswered

differently.Infact,otherrecentstudieshavefoundtherehasneverbeenatime

inAmericanhistorywhensosmallaproportionofyoungpeoplehavesoughtor

acceptedleadershiprolesinlocalcivicorganizations.Itisalsotroublingthat

votingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters-18-to24-year-olds-areway

down:Littlemorethanoneinfournowgotothepolls,eveninnationalelections,

comparedwithalmosttwicethatmanywhen18-year-oldswerefirstgiventhe

vote.

[J]Inourinterviews,manystudentsviewedpoliticswithsuspicionanddistaste.

"Mostpoliticiansarekindofcrooked(不诚,恳的)“onestudentdeclared.Another,

discussingnationalpolitics,said,''Ifeellikeonepersoncan'tdothatmuch,and

Igettheimpressionmostpeopledon'tthinkagroupofpeoplecandothat

much.*'Askedwhattheywouldliketochangeintheworld,thestudents

mentionedonlypersonalconcernssuchasslowingdownthepaceofIifezgaining

goodfriends,becomingmorespiritual,becomingeithermorematerially

successfulorlessmateriallyoriented(dependingonthestudent'svalues),and

beingmorerespectfuloftheEarth,animalsandotherpeople.Oneboysaid,"I'd

ratherbeconcentratingonartisticeffortsthansavingtheworldorsomething."

[K]Itisfineandhealthyforteenstocultivatetheirpersonalinterests,anditis

goodnewswhenyoungpeopleenjoyharmoniousrelationswiththeirfamilyand

friends.Butthereisalsoaplaceinayounglifefornoblepurposesthatinclude

adedicationtothebroadersociety,aloveofcountryandanaspirationtomake

theirownleadershipcontributions.

[L]Inthepast,theyounghaveeagerlyparticipatedinnationalserviceandcivic

affairs,oftenwithlotsofenergyandidealism.Ifthisisnothappeningtoday,we

shouldaskwhy.Oursocietyneedsthefullparticipationofitsyoungercitizensif

itistocontinuetothrive.Weknowthepromiseisthere-thisisawell-grounded,

talented,warm-heartedgroupofyoungsters.Wehaveeverythingtogainby

encouragingthemtoexploretheworldbeyondtheirimmediateexperienceand

topreparethemselvesfortheirturnatshapingthatworld.

留意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

36.Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingareinterestedinlocalornational

electionsthesedays.

37.Parentsareconcernedthattheirchildrenmaygetinvolvedincriminal

offencesoncetheyreachtheirteens.

38.Evenduringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury,youthrebellionwasoften

exaggeratedinthemedia.

39.Teenagersoftodayoftenturntotheirparentsforadviceonsuchimportant

mattersascareerchoice.

40.Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehaviorisdecreasingnowadays.

41.Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyidealsinlifeandstrivetobeleaders.

42.Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselvesanddon'twant

theirparentstoknowaboutit.

43.Itisbeneficialtoencourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroaderworldand

getreadytomakeitabetterplace.

44.Manyteenagersnowoffertorenderservicetotheneedy.

45.Interviewswithstudentsfindmanyofthemareonlyconcernedabout

personalmatters.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA.zB.zC.andD..Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Manufacturersofproductsthatclaimtobeenvironmentallyfriendlywillface

tighterrulesonhowtheyareadvertisedtoconsumersunderchangesproposed

bytheFederalTradeCommission.

Thecommission'srevised"GreenGuides"warnmarketersagainstusinglabels

thatmakebroadclaims,like',eco-friendly".Marketersmustqualifytheirclaims

ontheproductpackagingandlimitthemtoaspecificbenefit,suchashowmuch

oftheproductisrecycled.

"Thisisreallyabouttryingtocutthroughtheconfusionthatconsumershave

whentheyarebuyingaproductandthatbusinesseshavewhentheyareselling

aproduct,"saidJonLeibowitz,chairmanofthecommission.

Therevisionscomeatatimewhengreenmarketingisontherise.Accordingto

anewstudy,thenumberofadvertisementswithgreenmessagesinmainstream

magazineshasrisensince1987zandpeakedin2023at10.4%.In2023,the

numberdroppedto9%.

Butwhilethenumberofadvertisementsmayhavedipped,therehasbeena

rapidspreadofecolabeling.Therearebothgoodandbadplayersinthe

eco-labelinggame.

Inthelastfiveyearsorso,therehasbeenanexplosionofgreenclaimsand

environmentalclaims.Itisclearthatconsumersdon'talwaysknowwhatthey

aregetting.

Ahandfuloflawsuitshavebeenfiledinrecentyearsagainstcompaniesaccused

ofusingmisleadingenvironmentallabels.In2023and2023,class-action

lawsuits(集体诉讼)werefiledagainstSCJohnsonforusing"Greenlisflabelson

itscleaningproducts.Thelawsuitssaidthatthelabelwasmisleadingbecauseit

gavetheimpressionthattheproductshadbeencertifiedbyathirdpartywhen

thecertificationwasthecompany'sown.

"WeareveryproudofouraccomplishmentsundertheGreenlistsystemandwe

believethatwewillprevailinthesecases,"ChristopherBeardzdirectorofpublic

affairsforSCJohnson,said,whileacknowledgingthat"thishasbeenanarea

thatisdifficulttonavigate."

Companieshavealsotakenituponthemselvestocontesteachother'sgreen

claims.

DavidMallenzassociatedirectoroftheCouncilofBetterBusinessBureau,saidin

thelasttwoyearstheorganizationhadseenanincreaseinthenumberofclaims

companieswerebringingagainsteachotherforfalseormisleading

environmentalproductclaims.

"Aboutonceaweek,IhaveaclientthatwillbringupanewcertificationI've

neverevenheardofandΓminthisindustry,saidKevinWilhelm,chiefexecutive

officerofSustainableBusinessConsulting."It,skindofaWildWest,anybody

canclaimthemselvestobegreen."Mr.Wilhelmsaidtheexcessoflabelsmade

itdifficultforbusinessesandconsumerstoknowwhichlabelstheyshouldpay

attentionto.

46.Whatdotherevised"GreenGuides"requirebusinessestodo?

A)Manufactureasmanygreenproductsaspossible.

B)Indicatewhethertheirproductsarerecyclable.

C)Specifyinwhatwaytheirproductsaregreen.

D)Attachgreenlabelstoalloftheirproducts.

47.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutconsumersfacinganexplosionofgreen

claims?

A)Theycaneasilyseethroughthebusinesses'tricks.

B)Theyhavetospendlotsoftimechoosingproducts.

C)Theyhavedoubtaboutcurrentgreencertification.

D)Theyarenotclearwhichproductsaretrulygreen.

48.WhatwasSCJohnsonaccusedofintheclass-actionlawsuits?

A)Itgaveconsumerstheimpressionthatallitsproductsweretrulygreen.

B)Itgaveathirdpartytheauthoritytolabelitsproductsasenvironmentally

friendly.

C)Itmisledconsumerstobelievethatitsproductshadbeencertifiedbyathird

party.

D)Itsoldcleaningproductsthatwerenotincludedintheofficial"Greenlist".

49.HowdidChristopherBearddefendhiscompany'slabelingpractice?

A)Therewerenoclearguidelinesconcerninggreenlabeling.

B)Hiscompany'sproductshadbeenwellreceivedbythepublic.

C)Itwasinconformitytotheprevailingpracticeinthemarket.

D)Nolawrequiredtheinvolvementofathirdpartyincertification.

50.WhatdoesKevinWilhelmimplybysayingnIt,skindofaWildWest"(Line3,

Para.11)?

A)Businessescompetetoproducegreenproducts.

B)Eachbusinessactsitsownwayingreenlabeling.

C)Consumersgrowwildwithproductslabeledgreen.

D)AnythingproducedintheWestcanbelabeledgreen.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

America'seducationsystemhasbecomelessaladderofopportunitythana

structuretotransmitinequalityfromonegenerationtothenext.

Thafswhyschoolreformissocritical.Thisisanissueofequality,opportunity

andnationalconscience.It'snotjustabouteducation,butaboutpovertyand

justice.

It'struethatthemainreasoninner-cityschoolsdopoorlyisn'tteachers'unions,

butpoverty.Southernstateswithoutstrongteachers*,unionshaveschoolsat

leastasawfulasthoseinunionstates.SomeChicagoteachersseemtothink

thattheyshouldn'tbeheldaccountableuntilpovertyissolved.There,resteps

wecantakethatwouldmakesomedifference,andMayorRahmEmanuelis

tryingsomeofthem-yettheunionisresisting.

I,dbesympatheticiftheunionfocusedsolelyonhighercompensation.Teachers

needtobemuchbetterpaidtoattractthebestcollegegraduatestothenation's

worstschools.But,instead,theChicagounionseemstobeusingitspolitical

capitalprimarilytoprotectweakperformers.

There,ssolidevidencethattherearehugedifferencesintheeffectivenessof

teachers.ThegoldstandardstudybyHarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholars

foundthateveninhigh-povertyschools,teachersconsistentlyhadahuge

positiveornegativeimpact.

Getabottom1%teacher;andtheeffectisthesameasifachildmisses40%of

,

theschoolyear.Getateacherfromthetop20%zanditsasifachildhasgone

toschoolforanextramonthortwo.

Thestudyfoundthatstrongteachersinthefourththrougheighthgradesraised

theskillsoftheirstudentsinwaysthatwouldlastford