高中英语 专题01 2018-2019年高考英语语法填空真题全解全析-历年高考英语真题分题型全解全析

目录1.2019年全国卷1 12.2019年全国卷2 23.2019年全国卷3 44.2018年全国卷1 55.2018年全国卷2 66.2018年全国卷3 87.2018年浙江卷 91.2019年全国卷1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence

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theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen

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(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modemmethods

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trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive

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(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut

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(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa

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(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby

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(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare

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(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of

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nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsub-populations,threearedeclining,six

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(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.1.【答案】that【解析】考查连词之同位语从句。that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的内容。2.【答案】poorly【解析】考查形容词和副词互换。修饰动词studied用副词poorly。3.【答案】of/for 【解析】考查介词。methodsof/fordoingsth.做某事的方法。4.【答案】toperform【解析】考查非谓语动词todo。系表结构之后用动词不定式做状语。5.【答案】havereported【解析】考查谓语动词时态。根据时间状语Inrecentyears，可知用现在完成时。6.【答案】belief【解析】考查名词之动词变名词。空前有冠词提示，所以用名词形式，believe的名词形式是belief。7.【答案】noting 【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。介词by之后跟动名词形式。8.【答案】higher 【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据than可知用比较级。9.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。有recognizedpolarbearsub-populations限定，所以用定冠词the。10.【答案】are【解析】考查谓语动词。根据句式结构可知此处是谓语部分，又根据主语six，可知用复数形式are。2.2019年全国卷2A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for

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(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,

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sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave

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(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene

4(declare)shehadnoplans

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(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon’tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI

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(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,

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becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31-whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness-saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid，“Wedon’thaveanyideawhoputgrandmaforward.Whenwegotacall

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(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas

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joke.Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s

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(wonder).”1.【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。介词for之后跟动名词形式。2.【答案】which【解析】考查连词之定语从句。whichsheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes是定语从句，修饰先行词thepetshop。先行词thepetshop在定语从句中作opened的宾语，而且是非限制性定语从句，因此用关系代词which。3.【答案】finally【解析】考查形容词和副词互换。修饰动词acknowledged用副词finally。4.【答案】declared【解析】考查谓语动词时态。主语是proudIrene，可判断此处是谓语部分，又根据文章的时态，可知用一般过去时。5.【答案】toretire【解析】考查非谓语动词todo。动词不定式toretire作定语，修饰plans。6.【答案】havemade【解析】考查谓语动词时态。根据时间状语overtheyears，可知用现在完成时。7.【答案】but【解析】考查连词之并列连词。not…but…不是……而是……。8.【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed句中saying是现在分词作定语，修饰acall，表示主动。9.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。表示泛指“一个”，用不定冠词a。10.【答案】wonderful【解析】考查形容词之名词边形容词。It'swonderful.系动词后用形容词作表语。3.2019年全国卷3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining

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hardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake

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(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack

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dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters

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hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand

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(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting

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(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany

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(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere

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(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we

9(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,

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(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.

1.【答案】so 【解析】考查连词之状语从句。so…that…引导结果状语从句，“如此…以至于…”。2.【答案】toget【解析】考查非谓语动词todo。Ittakessometimetodosth.花费时间干某事。3.【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。apackofdogs一群狗。4.【答案】who/that 【解析】考查连词之定语从句。修饰先行词theirmasters，在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who/that。5.【答案】recommended【解析】考查谓语动词时态。recommended和shared是并列谓语。6.【答案】competition 【解析】考查名词之动词变名词。前有形容词，aninterestingcompetitiontowatch一场有趣的比赛。7.【答案】traditional【解析】考查形容词之名词变形容词。修饰名词stories要用形容词traditional。8.【答案】hugely【解析】考查形容词和副词互换。修饰形容词popular，用副词hugely。9.【答案】wereinvited 【解析】考查谓语动词的被动语态。我们被邀请参加，根据文章的时态，可知要用一般过去时的被动语态。10.【答案】listening【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。句中listening和meeting是现在分词做伴随状语。4.2018年全国卷1Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears1(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong2(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof3(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit4(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife5walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin20146showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall7(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it’sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto8(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉），avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways9(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive10atry.1.【答案】longer【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据than可知，此处用long的比较级。2.【答案】tosee【解析】考查非谓语动词之todo。根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”,tosee作目的状语。3.【答案】dying【解析】考查非谓语动词之doing。介词后应用die的动名词形式dying。4.【答案】is【解析】考查谓语动词时态。根据空白处前面的can’tmake和says可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用is。5.【答案】than【解析】考查介词。这里是将跑步和其他运动方式作对比，再由上文的moreeffective可知，此处用than。6.【答案】that/which【解析】考查连词之定语从句。此处用that/which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。7.【答案】causes【解析】考查名词单复数。根据all可知，cause用复数形式。8.【答案】strengthen【解析】考查动词之名词变动词。此处表明做运动的目的，再根据后面的宾语yourlegmuscles判断此处应用及物动词strengthen。9.【答案】energetic【解析】考查形容词之名词变形容词。本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语。10.【答案】it/running【解析】考查代词。giveit/sthatry是固定短语，意为“尝试某事物”。5.2018年全国卷2DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry1(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover2past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis3(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn’srise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice4(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater5riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased6(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal7(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment8(start)asoil-testingprogram9givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile10(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,"saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.1.【答案】hasgrown【解析】考查谓语动词时态。由Since2011可知用现在完成时，且主语thecountry是单数名词。2.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。此处特指过去的25年。3.【答案】actually【解析】考查形容词和副词互换。应用副词作状语修饰介词短语behindthechange。4.【答案】toimprove【解析】考查非谓语动词todo。根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。5.【答案】than【解析】考查介词。less是little的比较级，than引出比较对象。6.【答案】pollution【解析】考查此名词之动词变名词。作decrease的宾语，应填名词pollution。7.【答案】global【解析】考查形容词之名词变形容词。此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizerconsumption意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”。8.【答案】started【解析】考查谓语动词时态。根据上下文可知，应用动词的一般过去式。9.【答案】that/which【解析】考查连词之定语从句。根据语境定语从句修饰“asoil-testingprogram”，先行词表示物，关系代词作定语从句的主语，用that或者which。10.【答案】feeding【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。when/while+现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when/while引导的时间状语从句。6.2018年全国卷3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I’mnotsure1ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.I’mwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat2topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe3(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid4(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel5(challenge).MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma6(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching7thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.Noonehadseenthemforhours,andmycolleaguesandIwereworried.WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind8(they)alive.Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal9(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:"I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!"Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme10(stay)andwatch.1.【答案】which【解析】考查连词之名词性从句。根据下文的“meorthefemalegorilla”可知，此处给出两个选择，句意为：我不确定哪一个感到更害怕。故填连接代词which。2.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。“用尽量大的声音”，因此填定冠词the。

3.【答案】loudest【解析】考查副词最高级。由空格后的“ofall”可知填最高级形式loudest。

4.【答案】looking【解析】考查非谓语动词doing。avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoiddoingsth意为“避免做某事”。

5.【答案】challenged【解析】考查非谓语动词done.主语he与challenge（对……挑战）为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。6.【答案】scientist【解析】考查名词之名词变名词。“我”的身份是一位科学家。因此应填scientist。

7.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。searchfor意为“搜寻”。

8.【答案】them【解析】考查代词。人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them在此作find的宾语。

9.【答案】meant【解析】考查谓语动词时态。全文是在叙述过去的情况，因此谓语动词用一般过去时。

10.【答案】tostay【解析】考查非谓语动词todo。allowsbtodosth是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填tostay。7.2018年浙江卷FewpeopleIknowseemtohavemuchdesireortimetocook.MakingChinese1（dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.Manywesterners2cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap3canbetoeatout.Istillremember4(visit)afriendwho’dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI5（shock)whenIlearntshehadn’tcookedonceinallthattime.Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto6