上海市黄浦区名校2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷（含答案）

第第页上海市黄浦区名校2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷（含答案）上海市黄浦区名校2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试

英语试题

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

(A)

Imagineforamomentthatyourunbornchildhasararegeneticdisorder.Not(21)_________atleastvaguelyfamiliar,suchassickle-cellanaemiaorcysticfibrosis,butratheracondition(22)_________(bury)deepwithinthemedicaldictionary.Adrenoleukodystrophy,maybe.OrEhlers-Danlossyndrome.

Wouldyou,whenyourchildisborn,wanttoknowaboutitIfeffectivetreatmentswereavailable,youprobablywould.ButifnotIftheoutcomewerefatal,wouldyourinterestinknowingaboutitdependonwhetheryournewbornhadfiveyearsoflife(23)_________(look)forwardto,ortenOr30

Todaythesequestionsaremostlyhypothetical.Preciselybecausetheyarerare,suchdisordersareseldomnoticedatbirth.Theymanifest（显现）themselvesonlygradually,andoftenwithunpredictableseverity.Butthatmaysoonchange.Twentyyearsafterthefirsthumangenome(24)_________(map),thepriceofwhole-genomesequencinghasfallentoapoint(25)_________itcould,inrichcountriesatleast,beofferedroutinelytonewborns.Parentswillthenhavetodecideexactlyhowmuchtheywanttoknow.

Earlydiagnosisbringswithitthepossibilityofearlytreatment.Moreover,sequencingthegenomesofnewbornscouldofferalifetimeofreturns.Apatient'sgenomemayreveal(26)_________drugswillworkbestinhisorherparticularcaseforconditionssuchasADHD,depressionandbinedwithinformationaboutsomeone'swayoflife,itcouldhighlighteasilyneglectedhealthriskssuchascancersandcardiovasculardisease,leadingtobetterpreventivemeasures.Adatabaseofgenomes,(27)_________(match)tolivingpeople,wouldbeabenefittomedicalresearch.Thefruitsofthatresearch,inturn,wouldmakethosegenomesmoreusefultotheirownersastimegoeson.

Suchapowerfulnewtechnologycreatenewdangers.Widespreadscreeningforthousandsofpotentiallyharmfulgenesmaybecounterproductive:someresultsmayworryparentsunnecessarily,becausesomegeneticvariations,(28)_________occasionallyindicativeofdisease,arenotstronglyso.Parentsmaynotwanttounlockallthesecretsthattheirnewborn'sgenomemightreveal.Somemayindeedprefernottoknowaboutconditionsthatcannotbetreated.Adult-onsetillnessesposeadifferentdilemma-areasonablepositionisthatit(29)_________beuptothechildrenthemselves,oncegrown,todecidewhethertheywanttolookattheirgenomicinformation.Afurtherconcernisthatdatawillnotbekeptsecure,andmaybeleakedorotherwisemisused(30)_________somepointinthefuture.

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

(B)

A.includingB.urgentC.featuresD.targetsE.lengthsF.chasingG.accusedH.commandsI.fedJ.restockK.collecting

PokemonStickersAreBackforKoreansNostalgic（怀旧的）forChildhood

Smallpastriesincludeasurprisesticker,andthegoalistofindall159varieties--justlikeatrendmorethan20yearsago.

JeongBo-ram'snewfascinationhashim__31__mass-producedpastries（糕点）,deliverytrucksandhischildhoodmemories.His__32__are$1.20bakeryitemssoldwithrandomPokemonstickersthatflyoffstoreshelvesinSouthKorea.

Justafewshortofafull159-stickercollection,29-year-oldMr.Jeonghasgonetomorethan10conveniencestoresandsupermarketsaday,oftenleavingempty-handed.Hehaspaidhundredsofdollars.Hehaslearnedtheevening__33__timesthroughouthisneighborhoodtoknowwhenfreshdrop-offsoccur.

Morethantwodecadesago,thePokemonsticker-treatduocaughtonwithagenerationofSouthKoreanchildren,beforethecrazepassedafterafewyearsandtheproductswerediscontinued.Nowthegoodiesarebackjustintimeforthecountry'sbroaderretroboom,__34__byadultsnostaglicforsimplertimes.

SouthKoreansaregoingtogreat__35__toliveoutthePokemontaglineof"Gottacatch'emal,"withsome__36__thestickersindisplaybooklets.Pokemon,originallyaJapanesegamefortheNintendoGameBoythat__37__hundredsofmonstercharacters,hasexpandedintogloballypopularanimatedseries,toysandvideo-games,__38__therecenthitPokemonGoforsmartphones.

Retailershavepostedsignsontheirentrancesthatread,"WehavenoPokemonbread,"whilesomestoreownersare__39__ofbundlingthein-demandpastrieswithunpopularitems.Hunterscampoutsidesupermarketsearlyinthemorning.Therarestofstickers,suchasthatofthelegendarycharactersMew（梦幻）andMewtwo（超梦）,fetch$40online.Afullcollection__40__morethan$700,thelistingsshow.Actualchildrenalsotrytofindthestickers,butadultsareusingtheirgreaterresourcesforthehunt.

KoHyo-jinshriekedwhensherippedopenapackageof"DiglettStrawberryCustardBread"recentlyanddiscoveredinsideastickerofMewtwo-atwo-leggedmonstershownextendingitspaw.Sheimmediatelydialedupherhusband."Itfeltlikewinningthelottery,"saidthe39-year-oldhomemakerintheSeoulSuburbs.

ThenostalgicchasehasbeenembracedbyyoungadultsfacingKorea'sstagnanteconomy,soaringreal-estatepricesandatightlabormarket.

III.ReadingComprehensions

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

HowDoYouKnowYou'reNotintheMatrix

AttheheartofthephilosophyofAristotleandSt.ThomasAquinas（阿奎那）istheideathatwecomeintocontactwithrealitythroughthesenses.Butwhatifoursensesarenota(n)(41)_________sourcePerhapsoursensesaredeceivingus,andeverythingweperceiveisn'trealbutisanillusionlikeinthemovieTheMatrix.

This(42)_________ofsenseknowledgewaspartofReneDescartes's（笛卡尔）methodicdoubt,whichmanyradical（激进的）skepticshaveadopted.Descartesargued:whateverIhaveuptillnowacceptedasmosttrueIhaveacquiredeitherfromthesensesorthroughthesenses.ButIhavefoundthatthesensesmaydeceiveme(43)_________,anditissensiblenevertotrustcompletelythosewhohavedeceivedusevenonce.AndoneexampleDescartesgivesasevidenceisthefactthatobjectsatadistancelooksmallerthanwhattheyare.

Butthisisnotdeception.Thesenseofsightisreporting(44)_________whatitperceives.AsD.Q.McInerny（麦克伦尼）says,"Thisisthesenseofsightfunctioningjustasitshould,inordertogivemeaproperknowledgeof(45)_________".Onlywhenonemadethejudgementthat"themanissmallandthenbecomesbig"world(46)_________comein.Truthandfalsitydonot(47)_________sensoryperceptionbutthefactofjudgingthatperception.

Another(48)_________withDescartes'sreasonfordoubtingsensoryperceptionisthathereliesononlyonesensorypower.It'softenthecasethatinordertotestwhetheronesenseisdeceivingus,wemust(49)_________anothersense.

Touseanexamplethatmanyradicalskepticsdotojustifytheirdoubtofsenseknowledge.Imayperceivethestick(50)_________immersedinwaterascrooked（弯曲）.HowdoIdeterminewhetherwhatIperceiveisactuallythecaseIpickupthestick.WhenIdoso,Ijudgethestickisactually(51)_________.Butinordertomakeacorrectjudgmentaboutthestick,Iuseanothersensorypower--namely,(52)_________--thatImusttrustinordertomaketheproperjudgment.

WithregardtoDescartes'sexample,inordertomakeasoundjudgmentaboutthe(53)_________ofthemanwalkingupthestreet,Descarteswouldhavetomakecontactwithhimthroughthesenseoftouchandmeasurehim,whichrequirestrustinsenseknowledge.

However,Descartes'srecognitionoftheman'ssmallstature（身高）as(54)_________presupposeshistrustinhisprevioussensoryexperienceoftheman'stallstature.AsRalphMcInernynotes,"Descartesmusttrusthissensesinordertochallengethem."

So,ifit'sreasonabletotrustsenseknowledge,andthesensesputusintocontactwiththe(55)_________world,thenwecanhavegreatercertaintythatwhatweperceiveisobjectivelyreal.

41.A.externalB.primaryC.reliableD.alternative

42.A.disbeliefB.applicationC.branchD.command

43.A.innocaseB.outofnowhereC.byallmeansD.nowandthen

44.A.accuratelyB.independentlyC.accidentallyD.considerately

45.A.philosophyB.distanceC.natureD.life

46.A.analysisB.errorC.changeD.reflection

47.A.leadtoB.serveasC.identifywithD.liein

48.A.problemB.considerationC.advantageD.perspective

49.A.abandonB.regainC.sharpenD.employ

50.A.barelyB.wronglyC.partiallyD.completely

51.A.hollowB.straightC.thickD.bent

52.A.smellB.sightC.touchD.taste

53.A.sizeB.statusC.ageD.weight

54.A.scientificB.unusualC.reasonableD.horrifying

55.A.imaginaryB.privateC.contemporaryD.outside

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

BeaBetterTravelerintheOver-tourismEra

TravelhasbecomeasaccessibleasMcDonald's,reachinganewhighasglobaltouristarrivalsreached1.4billionlastyear.In1995,globalarrivalsnumberedonly525million.

Asafatheroftwokids,Iamthefirsttocelebratethedropincostsbroughtonbyair-travelmarketliberalization,theriseofdiscountairlines,arevolutioninaccommodationsthankstothelikesofandAirbnb,andmobiledevicesinstalledwiththebestmapsandtravelguidestheworldhaseverknown.I'malsohappyfortheretailers,hoteliers,museumkeepersandotherswhohavebenefitedfinanciallyfromthetourismboom.

Ican'thelpbutwonder,though,whatweareactuallyseeingaswetravelthesedays.Morepeoplearetravelling,butmanyarevisitingthesameplaces.IsaforestofselfiestickswhatIwantedtoshowmydaughterattheLouvreWhenwasthelasttimeIsetfoodonPrague'smainsquarewithoutbeingelbowedadozentimesIsatriptoBarcelonacompleteifyouhavetoavoideveryfamouslocationforfearofbeingtrampled（踩踏）

Citiescannotdomuchaboutthis--theycan'tverywellcloseairports,forceairlinestoflylessfrequentlyorincreasetheirprices.Raisingthecostofairtravel,overallortospecificdestination,willneverbepopular.Manywillobjectitonthegroundsthattravelshouldn'tbejustfortherich,andit'llhurttheresidentsofcitiestroubledwithover-tourism.

SowhatshouldtravelersdoStayhomeThat'sunlikely.Butifyouareheadingforsomeoftheworld'smostpopulardestinations,rethinkyourbucketlist（愿望清单）.Youshouldbeopentoventuringbeyondtheobvious.Evenifyouaresetonvisitinganiconicsite,considergoingatanoff-peaktime.

Thebiggestthingtokeepinmind,nomatterwhereyoutravel,istobewell-researched,respectfulandgenuinelycuriousaboutthedestination.Don'tfallvictimtowhatpeoplecall"selfieculture"and"bucketlistculture".Treatthedestinationasyouwoulddotoyourownhome--notasa"hiddengem"thatyouthrowmoneyattogetcertainexperienceyoufeelentitledto.

56.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecauseofthedropintravellingcostsaccordingtotheauthor

A.Theriseofdiscountairlines.B.Thefreedomtochoosetransport

C.Thepopularizationofmobiledevices.D.TheappearancesofandAirbnb.

57.Accordingtothepassage,whymightsomepeopleopposeraisingthecostofairtravel

A.Itwouldresultinadecreaseinairportsecurity.

B.Itwouldleadtofewerpeopletravellingoverall.

C.Itwouldhurttheresidentsoftourism-dependentcities.

D.Itwouldencouragea"bucketlistculture."

58.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"Citiescannotdomuchaboutthis"

A.Facingthetroubleofover-tourism,citieslackfeasilbemeasure.

B.Thosecitiesasfamoustouristdestinationsarenotonlyfortherich.

C.Citieswithover-tourismcan'tdealwithprotestsamongtravelers.

D.Citieswithover-tourismcanstoppeoplemakingtripsthere.

59.Whatshouldpeopledotobeabettertravelerintheover-tourismera

A.Setonajourneyatanon-peaktime.B.Avoidvisitinganiconicsite

C.Raisethecostofairtravel.D.Bewillingtoexplorenewsites.

(B)

Teacherburnout（倦怠）andstudentstressmaybelinked,accordingtoaUniversityofBritishColumbiastudy.Thestudyisthefirstofitskindtoexaminetheconnectionbetweenteacherburnoutandstudents'cortisollevels（皮质醇水平）,whichareabiologicalindicatorofstress.

Researcherscollectedsalivasamplesfromover400elementaryschoolchildrenandtestedtheircortisollevels.Theyfoundthatinclassroomsinwhichteachersexperiencedmoreburnout,orfeelingsofemotionalexhaustion,students'cortisollevelswereelevated.Highercortisollevelsinelementaryschoolchildrenhavebeenlinkedtolearningdifficultiesaswellasmentalhealthproblems.

"Thissuggeststhatstressspreadingmightbetakingplaceintheclassroomamongstudentsandtheirteachers,"saidEvaOberle,thestudy'sleadauthor.Indeed,therelationshipbetweenstudentstressandteacherburnoutisachickenandeggquestion.Itisunknownwhatcamefirst-elevatedcortisolorteacherburnout.Weconsidertheconnectionbetweenstudentandteacherstressacyclicalproblemintheclassroom.

Oberlesaidastressfulclassroomclimatecouldbearesultofinadequatesupportforteachers,whichmayimpactteachers'abilitytoeffectivelymanagetheirstudents.Apoorlymanagedclassroomcancontributetostudents'needsnotbeingmetandincreasingstress.Thiscouldbereflectedinelevatedcortisollevelsinstudents.

Alternatively,stresscouldoriginatefromstudents,whomaybemorechallengingtoteachbecauseofincreasesinanxiety,behavioralproblems,orspecialneeds.Inthissituation,teacherscouldfeeloverwhelmedandreporthigherlevelsofburnout.

"Ourstudyisareminderofthesystemicissuesfacingteachersandeducatorsasclassroomsizesincreaseandsupportsforteachersarecut,"saidOberle.

"Itisclearfromanumberofrecentresearchstudiesthatteachingisoneofthemoststressfulprofessions,andthatteachersneedadequateresourcesandsupportintheirjobsinordertobattleburnoutandrelievestressintheclassroom,"saidUBCeducationprofessorKimberlySchonert-Reichl,thestudy'sco-authoranddirectorofHELP."Ifwedonotsupportteachers,weriskthecollateraldamage（附带损伤）ofstudents."

60.Paragraph4andparagraph5areintendedtomakeitclearthat_________.

A.teacherburnoutisthecauseoftheelevatedcortisollevelsinstudents

B.theconnectionbetweenstudentsandteacherstressisacyclicalproblem

C.studentswithhigherstresslevelaremorelikelytohavelearningdifficulties

D.students'behavioralproblemscontributetoteacher'shigherlevelofburnout

61.Accordingtothewriter,manyBritishteachersfacetheproblemthat_________.

A.teachersarenotwelltrainedtodealwithstudents'problems

B.teachers'incomeincreasesbutteachingresourcesarecut

C.therearemorestudentsineachclassandlesssupportforteachers

D.thereisawideninggapbetweenstudents'needandteachers'ability

62.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage

A.HowtoRelieveStressintheClass

B.Teacherburnout,avoidableornot

C.TheMostStressfulProfessionintheWorld

D.StudentsStressandTeacherBurnout:Achickenandeggquestion.

(C)

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主义的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,seeminglybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajobortheywouldsaythattheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Infact,theyfeeldesperateastheyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalismCertainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason--aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

63.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery",theauthorexpressestheideathatmanis_________.

A.anessentialpartofsocietythoughindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.expectedtoworkinreasonableharmonywiththerestofsociety

C.areplaceablecomponentofsociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.responsibleforthesmoothrunningofsocietyandbusinessoperations

64.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat_________.

A.theyarefilledwithwell-foundedfearofbeingunemployed

B.theydon'thaveanygenuinesatisfactionorbeingunemployed

C.theyhavetofacethefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindependence

65.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothosewho_________.

A.holdwell-paidandlife-longjobsB.enjoyhighsocialstatusandreputation

C.outperformtheirfellow-competitorsD.stayawayfromover-competitiveness

66.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould_________.

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestoworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.escapeconsumerismandembracehumanism

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Buttheultimateissuewiththerankingsdoesn'tliewiththecheaters.B.Infact,itcanhavetheunacceptableeffectofdiscouragingcollegefromacceptingmorelow-incomestudents,lestitworsentheirgraduationrates.C.Forexample,amuchlessexpensiveschoolmightofferanequalorbettereducationthanamorehighlyrankedbutcostlierone.D.Butmanyotherfactorsusedinrankingtheschoolsstillhavelittlemeaningtoastudent'sexperience.E.Themostselectiveschools--Princeton,MITandsoforth--don'tneedrankingstoboosttheirreputationorapplicantpool.F.Evenastheydoso,thecriticismsofpublishedcollegerankingsthatmayhaveguidedtheirpreferencesareincreasing.

Collegerankingsaremisleading.Sowhydowestillusethem

Manyhighschoolseniorshavebeenopeningemailsoverthepastweeksthattellthemwhethertheygotintothecollegesoftheirchoice._________67_________

AmathprofessoratColumbiaUniversityischallengingthedatathattheIvyLeagueschoolreportedtoU.S.Newswhethergraduateswillleavewithaloadofdebt;whetherstudentswillfeelcomfortableandengagedoncampus;andwhetherthey'llbepreparedforafulfillingcareer.

第II卷

I.SummaryWriting

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

ToBeaCreativePerson

Withoutcreativepeople,theworldwouldbeaterribleplace.CanyouimaginealifewithoutartThethoughtalonemakesmetremble.CouldyoubethenextWilliamShakespeare,StevenSpielberg,orJ.K.RowlingThekeyliesinobtainingacreativepersonality.

Creativetypesdon'talwaysgetalongwellwithmanagementbecausetheywouldrathermarchtothebeatoftheirowndrum.Mostpeoplehaveastrongdesiretofitin,somethingthatyoudon'tunderstand.Followingtherulesmakesyouuncomfortable.Whilemostpeoplearerunningandhidingfromproblems,youpurposelyseekthembecauseyoulovenothingmorethanafreshnewchallenge.

Youwroteablogmanymonthsagoandthoughtitwaswonderfulatthetimeyoupublishedit.Butthenyoureaditagainlaterandwonder,"WhatonearthwasIthinking"Youthenidentifyapproximatelyathousandwaysitcouldhavebeenbetterandkickyourselfforbeingsostupid.Abrainlackingcuriosityisnotcreative.

Somewritersgotoacountryhouseorbeachtowritenovelsforar