2020年商务英语(BEC)初级口语试题及答案(卷三)

百度文库-赵诚作品百度文库-赵诚作品2020年商务英语（BEC）初级口语试题及答案（卷三）(1)Doyoulikeworkinginateamoronyourown?(why?)你喜欢在团队与个人合作还是独自工作?Ilikeworkinginateam,astheproverbgoes:”Twoheadsarebetterthanone.”Inateam,Icanlearnfrommyfellowworkers,gethelpfromthemwhenI’munderpressure.Andthemostimportantthingis:Icanlearntocommunicatewithallsortsofpeople.(2)Howimportantisthecentralleadershipofateam?团队的核心领导有多重要?It’sveryimportant.Youneedsomeonewithmanagerialskillstoleadwithintheteam:heisabletoseethebigpictureoftheworkgoingon,toengageothers,coordinateinterpersonalrelationshipandorganizeresourceseffectively.(3)Doyouprefertoworkinsmallteamsorbigteams?(why)你喜欢在小型团队还是在大型团队中工作?Iprefertoworkinabigteam.Yousee,whenyouworkwithmorepeople,yougetachancetolistentodifferentpointsofview,tolearntoseethingsindifferentperspectives.It’salsomorechallengingasyouhavetocoordinatewithmorepeople,(4)Isitnecessaryforateamtohaveregularmeetings?团队是否有必要定期开会?Yes,Ithinkit’sabsolutelynecessary.Regularmeetingscanenableteammemberstokeeptrackofworkprogressandit’sameansofconsideringinformationandmakingcollectivedecisions.PARTTWO:Mini-presentationWhat’simportantwhen…?Evaluatingthesuccessofteamwork衡量团队成功与否需要考虑哪些要点?lMutualtrust相互信任lFullco-operation通力合作Mutualtrustisthefirstsecretofsuccessfulteamwork.Whenmembersshareatrustingrelationship,theywillfeelfreetoexpresstheirviews,understandeachother’scapabilitiesandlimitations,andcommunicatewitheachothertimely.Thishelpstobringoutthepotentials,experienceandcreativityoftheindividualandcreategoodworkenvironment.Fullco-operationamongteammembershasadirectimpactonthesuccessorfailureoftheteam.Whenteammembersdevelopastrongawarenessofcooperation,theywouldmakecollectiveeffortstoachievethecommonobjectivesandensureahigherlevelofqualityandworkmanship.Ontopofthat,timelycommunicationanddecisionmakingwillalsohelptoimproveworkefficiency.相互信任是团队合作成功的秘密之一，当团队成员建立相互信任的关系，他们就可以毫无束缚的表达自己的观点，相互了解对方的能力和缺点，而且可以及时相互沟通。这将有助于激发个人潜力、经验、和创造力并且可以营造良好的工作环境。团队成员的通力合作也对会直接影响团队成功的失败。当团队成员有强烈的合作意识，他们将会共同努力达到共同的目标。并确保高水平的质量及工艺。除此之外，及时的沟通和做决定也将帮助改善工作效率。PARTTHREE：DiscussionTeamworkYourcompanyisofferingabrieftrainingprogrammeonteambuildingforlinemanagers.Youhavebeenaskedtohelpplantheprogramme.Discussthesituationtogether,anddecide:lwhatissuesshouldtheprogrammefocusonlwhatkindofactivitiesshouldbeincluded团队合作你们公司正在考虑为部门经理提供关于团队建设的短期培训课程。请你们协助策划这一课程。讨论并决定：l该培训课程应集中在哪些问题上l应包含哪些活动A:Well,Ithinkit’sagoodideathatourcompanyisplanningtoofferatrainingprogrammeonteambuildingforalllinemanagers.B：Yes.Weneedtoworkoutthefocusofthisprogramme.A:Inmyopinion,weshould,firstofall,focusonissueslikehowtoformaneffectiveteamandhowtoimprovecommunicationwithintheteam.Thesearethemostimportantthingsweneedtoconsiderwhenholdingatrainingprogramme.B:Yes,Iquiteagreewithyou.Understandingtheseissuesisthepre-requisiteofsuccessfulteam-building.Besidesthat,howtonurtureteamdynamicsshouldbeanotherfocusofourtrainingprogramme,Imean,analyseandencouragethedynamicsthatdriveteamsuccessandminimizethefactorsthatinhibitthehealthyfunctioningoftheteam.A:Yes,onlywhenallteammembersaremotivated,andtheygivegoodperformanceinwork.B:Sowecanincludeinourprogramme,theactivitiesthathelptopromoteteamspirit,activitiesthathelpdevelopemployeemotivationandimprovecommunication.A:Well,wecanprovideteambuildinggames,andoutdooractivitiesthatlivenupthetrainingsessions.B:I’mquitewithyouhere.Wecanorganizeoutdooradventureslikerafting,sailingandrockclimbing.Theseeventsservetoincreasepersonalawarenessofabilitiesandcomplementaryskillsinyourteammates.A:it’saverygoodidea.Theseexcitingactivitiesnotonlyencourageteamparticipation,problemsovingandrevitalizemorale,theyalsoaddsomefunandvariationtoourprogramme.B:Andinfulfillingtheirpotentials,everyoneintheteamlearnstounderstandotherpeople’scapacitiesandlearnstoappreciatetheimpactoftheirtraitsonteamdynamics.A:Yes,mutualunderstandingandmutualtrustareindispensabletoeffectiveteambuilding.A:我觉得公司计划为所有部门经理提供团队建设的培训课程真是个好主意。B:是的，我们需要想出此次活动的重点。A：我的观点是，我们首先应该把重点放在如何组建一个有效率的团队和如何改善团队关系的方面。当我们举办培训课程时，这些是我们需要考虑的最重要的事情。B：是的，我非常同意你的看法。成功的团队建设前提就是了解你所说的这些问题。除此之外，怎样激发团队活力应该是我们培训课程的另一个需要重视的方面，我的意思是，分析和鼓励团队成功的动力，使抑制团队良性运作的因素减少到最小。A：是的，只有当所有团队成员都充满动力，他们在工作中才会表现出好的成绩。B：因此我们应该将能帮助发扬团队合作精神、帮助发展员工积极性和提高沟通的活动包括在我们的课程中。A：是的，我们可以提供团队建设的游戏，和户外活动让培训课程充满活力。B：我同意你的看法。我们可以组织像漂流、航海和攀岩等户外探险。这些项目帮助增强个人意识的能力和与队友互补的技能。A：这是个好主意。这些激动人心的活动不仅可以鼓励队员、解决问题和重振士气。也可以为我们的课程增加乐趣和使其多样化。B：为了挖掘他们的潜力，团队中每个人学会去了解其他人的能力以及学会去欣赏他们对团队动力影响的特质。A：是的，相互了解和相互信任对于有效的团队建设是必不可少的。(1)Whatarethecharacteristicsofagoodteam?一个良好的团队有哪些特点?Characteristicslikemutualtrust,co-operation,commitment,opennessofexpressionamongteammembersareessentialtoagoodteam.Besides,ateamshouldalsobeclearaboutthecommongoalstheyaimtoattain.(2)Whatmightbethedisadvantagesofworkinginateamenvironment?在团队中工作有哪些不利因素?Sometimes,teammembershiprequiresyoutogiveupsomeindividualityinorderfortheteamtofunctionasawhole.Sometimesyoufeelyourowncontributiontotheteamcannotbemeasured,soyouworklessthanyouwouldindividually.(3)Wouldyouliketotakepartinaprogrammefordevelopingteamwork?(Why)你是否愿意参加团队发展的培训课程?Yes,ofcourse.Itoffersmeopportunitiestodevelopbetterinterpersonalcommunicationskills,andtheseareessentialinmybusinesscareer.(4)Howmightacompanymeasurethesuccessofatrainingprogramme?公司应该怎样衡量培训课程的成败?Toevaluatetheimpactofatrainingprogramme,wecanseeifthetraininghashelpedtoaddresstheissuesinthework,toseeifthere’sanyimprovementintheworkperformanceofthestaffandifitencouragescreativeinnovationandteamwork.(5)Doyouthinkacompanywillalwaysbenefitfromstafftraining?(Why?/Whynot?)你是否认为公司总是可以从员工培训中有所获益?Ithinkacompanycanbenefitmuchfromstafftraining.Throughtraining,employeeswillhaveabetterunderstandingoftheirworkobjectives,havegreatercommitmentintheirwork,andacquirepracticalworkingskills.1.3ReducingProductionCost降低生产成本Resultin导致，造成Cutcorners抄近路，走捷径，偷工减料Greenerpastures更绿的牧场(比喻更好的谋生去处，更好的工作、职位)Deadwood枯枝，朽木;无用的人Nuisance讨厌的人或事，麻烦事Ex-customer过去的顾客，以前的顾客Intheshortrun在短期内Gothroughtheroof大大增加，上涨到处乎意料的程度TQM(totalqualitymanagement)全面质量管理Undertheumbrellaof在…的保护下Costaccountant成本会计师Costcontrol成本控制Prognosis预告预言Customerservice客户服务中心，客户服务Customersatisfaction客户满意度Costeffective(有)成本效益的Competitiveedge竞争优势，竞争力Cost-efficient成本效益高的Costmanagement成本管理Cutdown削减，减少Rawmaterial原料Toalargeextent在很大程度上Cost-conscious注重节约成本的Productionline生产线，流水线Ergonomics功效学Specialist专家User-friendly方便用户的Shiftwork倒班制，轮班工作(一半指三班倒，即dayshift,eveningshift,以及nightshift)Permanentschedule固定班(亦称fixedschedule)Rotatingschedule轮班制Outofstepwith与…步调不一致Adjustto对…适应Fightoff竭力避免Bodyrhythm生理节奏Stressful(心理、生理或情绪上的)紧张、压力Outofstepwith与…不协调，失调Consultancyservice咨询服务Nightshiftblues夜班忧郁症Allthis所有这一切Healthcounselingfacilities健康咨询设施Healthfacilities健身设备Roundtheclock24小时Translateto转化为Hazard危害，公害Adequatelighting充分的照明，足够的照明Properheat适当的室温ReducingBusinessCosts降低经营成本Costreductionisanimportantfactorinimprovingthestateofabusiness.降低成本是改进企业状况的一个重要因素。Itcanobviouslyresultinhigherprofitsandastrongerenterprise.它可以明显地提高利润，壮大企业。Mostbusinessleadersandmanagerswouldliketoreducecosts,butmanyfinditdifficulttodotherightthings.大多数企业主管和经理都想降低成本，但大多感到难以找到正确的途径。Thereareseveralmethodsbusinessleadersormanagersusetoreducecoststhatcanbedamagingtothehealthoftheorganization.企业主管和经理采用的削减成本的有些方法对企业健康发展是有害的。Theseincludedownsizing,reducingcustomerservice,andcuttingcornersinproductionmethods.这些方法包括缩小企业规模、减少客户服务，以及在生产中偷工减料。Downsizing缩小企业规模Somecompanyleadersfeeltheycanreducecostsbysimplydownsizingorreducingthenumberofworkersormiddlemanagers.有些公司领导认为，可以通过缩小企业规模或者精简员工或中层管理人员来减少成本。IfthisisdoneafterapplyingISO9000.anddefiningtheexactroleofeveryone,itmaybeanecessaryandeffectivemethod.如果是在实施ISO9000质量体系之后，并已对每个成员的角色做出了细致的规定之后，这有可能不失为必要并且有效的一种方法。Unfortunately,mostcompaniesthatdownsizedosowithoutreallyknowingtheimpactonthecompany’soperations.但遗憾的是大多数削减规模的公司采用了裁员这种方法，但并不真正知道这种方法对公司运作所产生的影响。Oneofthebiggesteffectsofdownsizingtoreducecostsisthatthegoodemployeesquicklyleavethecompanyforgreenerpastures.以裁员的方法来削减成本，一个最大的副作用就是不少好的员工很快就会离开公司另谋高就。Thusthecompanyisleftwiththedeadwoodemployees,whoaresupposedtodotwicetheworkasbefore.公司就只剩下一些庸员，而这些人要承担两倍于以前的工作量。ReducingCustomerService减少客户服务Customerservicecanbeanuisanceandisoftenexpensive.客户服务可能是件麻烦事并且耗资巨大。Sometimescompanieswillreduceoreliminatetheservicetheygivetothecustomers.Unfortunately,有时公司会减少甚至取消为客户们提供的服务。aneglectedcustomerisanex-customer.但遗憾的是，一个被冷落的客户就不在是你的客户了。CuttingCorners偷工减料Aquickwaytocutcostsisbycuttingcornersinproductionorservicemethods.削减成本的一个捷径是在生产或服务过程中偷工减料。Somecompanyleadersfeelthatbyusingcheapermaterialsandlabor,andbyeliminatingpartandsteps,theycancutcostsandsavemoney.有些领导认为，他们可以利用更为廉价的原材料和劳动力，减去一些步骤，以此减少成本，节省费用。Itistruethatcostsmaybecutintheshortrun,butoftentheproductorserviceisofsuchalowqualitythatrepairandreworkcostsgothroughtheroof.诚然，这样做在短期内可以削减成本，但是往往会使产品和服务的质量低下，结果是补救、返工的成本奇高无比。Alsocustomersmaybecomeunhappywiththelowqualityandmoveontoanothersupplier.而且造成客户对产品质量不满并另找供应商。Effectivewaytoreducecostsincludetrainingyourworkers,gettingqualitygoodsfromsuppliers,andusingTotalQualityManagement(TQM)tools.降低成本的有效方法包括对员工进行培训、从供应商处购买优质的产品，以及启用全面质量管理(TQM)工具。Becausetoreducecostsmeanstoreducewaste.Thatiswastedmaterials,wastedeffort,andwastedtime.因为降低成本意味着减少浪费，即对原材料、人工和时间的浪费。TrainWorkers培训员工Inthesedaysofchangingtechnologiesandmethods,itisnecessarytotrainyourworkerstokeepthemuptodate.在技术和生产手段日新月异的今天，有必要对员工进行培训，使他们赶上新的发展。GetQualityfromSuppliers从供应商处购买优质的产品Lowqualitygoodsfromsuppliersisamajorsourceofwaste.购买低质量的产品是最大的浪费源。Youshouldnotonlytrytogetqualitysuppliersbutalsoworkwithyoursupplierstohelpthemimprovetheiroperationsandqualityofoutput.你不仅需要寻找能提供高质量产品的供应商，而且还要帮助他们改进经营和产品质量。TQMTools全面质量管理工具ThereareanumberofimprovementmethodsthatcanbeplacedundertheumbrellaofTotalQualityManagement(TQM).在全面质量管理工具体系内有许多改善经营的方法。Inconclusion,crudemethodstoreducecosts—suchasdownsizing—arenoteffectiveandcanactuallyharmabusiness.总之，粗劣的降低成本的方法，例如缩小企业的规模，不仅无效，而且还会对企业造成损耗。Helpingyoursuppliers,trainingyourworkers,andusingTQM-typeimprovementtoolscanhelptoeliminatewasteandimprovetheprofitsofyourbusiness.为你的供应商提供帮助，对员工进行培训，并启用全面质量管理型改进工具，这些将有助于减少浪费，提高企业的盈利能力。PARTONEInterview(1)Whatarethemethodsofcommunicationtostaffinmostcompanies?大多数公司采用什么方式和员工进行沟通?Themostpopularcommunicationmethodsinclude:face-to-facecommunication,E-mails,telephone,notice-boards,etc.nowadays,theIntranetisaveryeffectivemethodofcommunication.(2)Doyouthinkyouaregoodatcommunicatingwithyourboss?(Why?/Whynot?)你觉得自己善于和上司沟通吗?Yes.IthinkI’mquitegoodatcommunicatingwithpeople.WheneverIhavesomenewideasorresentmentaboutmywork.I’lltalktomybossfacetoface.I’mveryfrankandopen-minded,readytoacceptdifferentopinions.(3)Isitimportanttoletyourmanagerknowyourideasaboutwork?(Why)让你的上司知道你对工作的看法是否重要?Ithinkit’sveryimportant.Yousee,Ioftenmakesuggestionstomybossaboutinternaldevelopment,anddiscussareasIwouldliketoimproveon.Inthisway,I’mcontributingtotheoverallimprovementofthecompany.(4)Doyouthinkpeoplecanbetrainedtocommunicatemoreefficiently(Why)你认为通过培训人们是否可以更有效地进行沟通?Yes.Ithinkitwillbeveryhelpfulifemployeesgetchancestoattendtrainingcoursesoninterpersonalskills.Suchtrainingwillenablethemtocommunicatemoreeffectively.PartTwo:Mini-presentationWhat’simportantwhen…?Communciatingmanagementmessagestothestaff和员工沟通管理信息需要考虑哪些要点?lOverallpurpose整体目标lFeedbackonperformance对工作表现的反馈lFirstofall,Ithinkit’simportanttoclearlystateyouroverallpurposeandexpectations.Inthisway,employeeknowexactlywhattheyshoulddotomeetworkrequirementsandtoachieveperformanceexcellence.Inadditiontothis,providingfeedbackontheirperformanceisalsoimportant.Onthemanagerialpart,performancereviewshelpmanagerstokeeptrackofpossibleproblemsintheirownwork.Onthepartoftheemployees,theygetencouragedfortheirhardworkandaregivenchancestocorrectmistakesmadeonthejob.Besides,managersshouldbemoreopeninsharinginformationwiththeirsubordinates.Theyshouldletemployeesknowinadvanceanyproposedchangesbeforetheyactuallyoccur.Thiswillenhancemutualunderstandingandtrust.首先，我认为清晰的陈述你的总体目标和期望是很重要的。这样，员工可以确切的知道他们应该做什么来满足工作需求以及实现卓越的成绩。除此之外，对他们的成绩提出反馈意见也很重要。从管理的角度来看，绩效评估帮助管理者追踪他们自己可能发生的问题;从员工的角度，他们努力工作得到鼓舞，工作中出现的问题也有机会得到纠正。另外，管理者应该与下属更开发的分享信息。任何建议的改变之前，他们应该让员工提前知晓。这将加强相互的理解及信任。PARTTHREEDiscussionE-mailNewsletterYoucompanywouldliketointroduceanE-mailnewslettertosendtoallmembersregularly.Youhavebeenaskedtohelpco-ordinatetheproject.Discussthesituationtogether,anddecide:lwhatkindsofarticlesandinformationshouldbeincludedlwhatthenewslettershouldlooklikeandhowoftenitshouldbesent电子邮件快讯你们公司意欲创建一份电子邮件快讯，定期发给全体员工。请你们共同协调这一计划。讨论并决定：l电子邮件快讯中应包含哪些文章和信息l电子邮件快讯的版式、发送周期A：Yousee,ourcompanyisdesigninganE-mailnewsletterforallstaffmembers.Itcertainlyisaverygoodchannelforinternalcommunication.B:Yes.Whatinformationshouldbeincluded,inyouropinion?A:Itshouldcarryarticlesaboutthetangibleperformancestandardsforstafftofollow,andinformationaboutanychangesinthecompany,suchasnewpolicies,newprojectsandnewmanagers,etc.thiswillhelptoreducethechanceforconfusionandmisinterpretationofkeycorporatepolicesanddecisions.B:Yes,I’mquitewithyouhere.Informationofthiskindwillhelpstaffmembersbetteradjustthemselvestotheworkenvironmentandachievehigherlevelofperformance.A:Thereshouldalsobeinformationaboutthelatestachievementsofthecompanyaswell.B:Iagreewithyou.But…A:Andaboutannualperformancereviewsandstaffappraisals,justtorewardhardworkingpeopleandlookatproblemsinwork.Yousee…B:Well,youarequiteright.ButIthinkweshouldplaceemphasisontwo-waycommunication.Thenewslettershouldalsofocusontheemployeeside.Weshouldallowouremployeestovoicetheiropinionsaboutday-to-dayworkandcorporatedevelopment.Theyshouldalsohaveachancetocommentontheperformanceofthemanagersandpointoutproblemsintheirwork.A:That’sagoodidea.Solet’sputinthiscolumn”VoicefromtheStaff”.B:Besidesthecontents,thelayoutisalsoimportant.Wecanusesomephotos,peopleusuallyliketoseepicturesofthemselvesandpeopletheyknow.Soitwillbeabletoattractmorereaders.Wecanalsousecartoonpicturestohelpillustrateourideas.A:Good.Anddon’tforgetourcompanylogo,itwillhelptopromoteasenseofbelongingandloyalty.Andlet’salsoinsertsomehumour,tomakeitmorereadable.B:Finally,Ithinkitshouldbesenttoouremployeeseveryotherweek.A:Well,er…yousee,thisisacompetitiveage,newsandinformationkeepchanging.Whynotmakeitonceineverytendays,threedifferentissueseverymonth.B:Alright.Andlet’smakeitshort,sopeopledon’thavetospendtoomuchtimereadingeachissue.A:Iagree.A:你是知道的，我们公司正在为全体员工设计一个电子邮件快讯。这确实是一个非常好的内部沟通的渠道。B：是的，你认为这其中应该包括什么样的信息呢?A：应该包括员工遵循的具体工作标准这类文章，以及关于公司任何变化的信息，例如新政策、新项目和新的管理者等等。这将帮助减少对公司政策及抉择的困惑和误解。B：是的，我很同意你的观点。这方面的信息将帮助员工在适应工作环境及达到更高的水平进行更好的我调节A：也应该包括关于公司最新最新成果的信息。B：我同意，但是…A：且关于每年的绩效考核与员工评估，只作为员工辛勤工作的回报及寻找工作中的问题。你知道…B：是的，你说的很对。但是我认为我们应该把重点放在双方的沟通上。邮件快讯也应该聚焦于员工这一方面。我们应该允许我们的员工发表他们对日常工作和公司发展的意见。他们也应该有机会去评论管理者得成绩以及指出其再工作中的问题。A：这是个好主意。那么让我们把这个专栏叫做：“员工之声”B：除了这个内容，排版也很重要，我们应该刊登一些照片，人们通常喜欢看到他们自己活着认识的人的照片。这样能够吸引许多读者。我们也可以用漫画来说明我们的想法。A：很好。还有别忘了我们公司的标识，这将帮助我们去提升归属感和忠诚度。让我们来穿插一些小幽默，让它更具可读性。B：最后，我认为我们应该隔周发送给员工。A：是的，可…你知道，这是一个竞争的时代，新闻和信息变化交替。不日我们每隔10天发送一次，每个月有不同的三期。B：好的，让我们尽量简短些，这样的话就不会花费员工太多时间去阅读每一期。A：我同意。(1)Doyouthinkit’simportantthatmanagerslistentocomplaintsfromemployees?(why/whynot?)你认为经理听取员工的申诉是否很重要?Yes.Complaintsfromemployeesusuallyreflecttheproblemswithinthefirm,someevenshowproblemsofthemanagement.Listeningtothecomplaintshelpsmanagerstofindproblemsandwaystoresolvethem.(2)Doyoucommunicatewithyourcolleagueoftenandhow?你是否经常和同事沟通?是怎样沟通的?Yes.Ioftencommunicatewithmycolleagues,wesharecorporateinformationtogether,exchangenewsandviews.Inmostcases,wechatwitheachother,sometimesweE-mailtoeachother.(3)Whataretheadvantagesofmanagementcommunications?管理沟通有哪些优势?Managementcommunicationscanenhancemutualtrust,promoteemployeecommitment,boostmorale.Ontopofthat,ithelpstoimproveproductivity.(4)Isitnecessaryforthemanagertohavepersonalcontactswithhisemployees?经理是否有必要亲自去同雇员沟通?(为什么)Yes.Itisbetterforthemanagergotoanemployee’sworkstationratherthanmakephonecalls.Face-to-facediscussionshowsyoursincerityandwhat’smore,it’smoreopenanddirect.(5)Howimportantisittodeveloptheintranetofthecompany?开发公司内部互联网有任何重要意义?Inthisinformationage,companyintranettendstobeaveryeffectivechannelofcommunication.It’sspeedyinrelayingthecorporatenews,managementmessages,internalchanges,etc.anditpromotesinformationequality,aseveryonehasaccesstoit.1.2InternalCommunications内部沟通Becommittedto致力于Beengagedin投身于…，忙于Delivery传输，传送Corporateinformation公司信息Vision设想，远见Openness坦诚，公开Integrity诚信，诚实Paramount极为重要的-wide(后缀，与名词一起构成形容词或副词)全…范围的Opinionsurvey意见调查Putinplace实施，到位Audience-driven以受众为导向的Communicationsapproach沟通方式Segmentation分割，切断Customization根据对方需要制作，量身定做Integratedplatform集成的(信息)平台Costefficiency成本效率Digitalmedia数码媒介Intranet企业内部互联网Notice-board布告牌Resentment愤恨，不满Open-minded胸襟开阔的Out-going爽直的，乐于助人的，外向的Mettle勇气，精神Initiative主动性Managementmessage管理信息Performanceexcellence优异表现Subordinate下级，下属E-mailnewsletter电邮通讯，电子邮件通讯，亦作E-newsletter,E-news-letterTangibleperformancestandards具体的工作标准Annualperformancereviews(对员工的)年度业绩考核，年度绩效评估Staffappraisal(对员工的)业绩评估，业绩考核Two-waycommunication双向交流Voiceone’sopinionsabout就…发表自己的意见Column(报纸、杂志的)专栏Layout版面设计Cartoonpicture漫画Companylogo公司标识Asenseofbelonging归属感Workstation工作站，工作处Informationequality信息均等Haveaccessto有权使用…Channel渠道，通道Opinionpoll民意测验Internalcommunications内部沟通Nokiaiscommittedtoastronginternalcommunicationscultureandpractice.诺基亚公司致力于建立一种强有力的内部沟通文化和实践体系。Itsbroadrangeofcommunicationsactivities,channelsandmediastrivetohelpemployeesmanageandusecorporateinformationtheyreceiveintheirworkandorganizationalrelationshipsandindoingso,诺基亚公司通过各种广泛的沟通活动以及丰富的沟通渠道和媒介，尽力帮助员工管理和运用他们在工作中以及在企业交往中获得的公司信息。befullyengagedinthedeliveryofthecompany’sstrategyandtheNokiaWay.公司通过这种做法，切实传播公司的运作策略以及“诺基亚之道”Nokiapromotesaculturewheregoodcommunicationspracticeisintegratedintoeverydayinteractionwithandbetweenemployeesandwheresharedvisionandgoals,sharedknowledge,openness,speedandintegrityareparamount.诺基亚公司倡导这样一种公司文化：将良好的沟通习惯融入公司于员工以及员工与员工之间的日常交往之中。在这一公司文化中，共同的期望和目标、共享的知识、坦诚、高效和诚信高于一切。Thecompanymeasuresitsperformanceininternalcommunicationsthroughthecompany-wideannualemployeeopinionsurveyaswellastargetedsurveysaroundspecificcommunicationsactivities.诺基亚公司通过在公司上下进行一年一度的员工意见调查，以及针对具体沟通活动的目标调查，衡量公司内部沟通方面的绩效。Nokiaisputtinginplaceanaudience-drivencommunicationsapproachtomeetthediverseneedsofitsemployeesforinformationandcommunication,withemphasisonsegmentation,customizationandchoiceofaccess.诺基亚公司正在实施以受众为导向的沟通方式，以满足员工对信息和交流的不同需要，着重强调沟通职能的切分、量体裁衣的沟通方式以及沟通途径和选择。Thisworkissupportedbythedevelopmentanduseofcommonandintegratedplatformsandprocesseswhichwillencouragecostefficiencyintheuseofinternalandexternalresourcesandadoptionovertimeofdigitalmedia.这项工作得以展开是通过开发和使用了普通以及集成的信息平台和处理程序，在运用内外资源的过程中激励成本效率，并采用了数码媒介等方式。Therearethreeprimarychannelsforcommunicatingwithemployee.NokiapeoplemagazineispublishedinthefourmostcommonlanguagesinNokia:English,Finnish,ChineseandGerman.NokiaNewsServiceoffersdailyonlinenewsfromaroundtheorganization,andtheIntranetcontainsavastamountofdetailedcompanyinformation.诺基亚公司和员工的沟通有三种不同的渠道。《诺基亚人》杂志采用四种语言出版：英语、芬兰语、汉语和德语;诺基亚新闻服务网每天提供在线的公司新闻;还有企业内部互联网，提供大量详细的公司信息。公司运作与管理1.1Teamwork团队合作Teamwork团队合作，团队精神Team-based以团队为基础的Horizontalorganizationstructure横向企业结构Corporategoals企业目标Charter规章，章程Beaccountablefor对…负有责任Creativeinnovation创新改革，创新发明创新精神Rewardsystem奖励制度Payback回报，报偿Individuality个性Independentthinking独立的思想Groupdecision-making集体决策Managerialskill管理技能Coordinate使协调，调整Interpersonalrelationship人际关系Mutualtrust相互信任Bringoutthepotentials充分发挥潜能Closely-knit(关系)密切的Keeptrackof跟踪，追踪Time-consuming花费时间的Linemanager部门经理，业务经理(与行政经理相对)Pre-building团队建设Nurture培养，教育，发展Nurtureteamdynamics培养团队活力Promoteteamspirit提倡团队精神Driveteamsuccess驱使团队成功Minimize将…减少到最少，最小化Inhibit约束，抑止Livenup使…有生气Trainingsession一场训练，培训课期Rafting漂流Rockclimbing攀岩Teammate队友Impact影响，效果Complementary补充的，互补的Revitalize使新生，给予新的活力Trait(个人性格方面的)特征，显著的特点Commitment敬业精神Interpersonalcommunicationskills人际交际技能，亦作interpersonalskillsAddress处理(事情)HowtoMakeTeamsEffective如何组建精锐的团队Peopleineveryworkplacetalkaboutbuildingtheteam,workingasateam,andmyteam,butfewunderstandhowtocreatetheexperienceofteamworkorhowtodevelopaneffectiveteam.在各种工作场合，人们都在谈论团队建设、团队合作、自己的团队，但是却很少有人真正理解如何体验团队合作以及如何组建一支精锐的团队。Belongingtoateam,inthebroadestsense,isaresultoffeelingpartofsomethinglargerthanyourself.属于一个团队，就是体验自己成为比自己更大的团体的一部分。Ithasalottodowithyourunderstandingofthemissionorobjectivesofyourorganization.这在很大程度上与你对企业任务和目标的理解有关。Inateam-orientedenvironment,youcontributetotheoverallsuccessoftheorganization.在以团队为导向的环境里，你要为企业的全面成功做出自己的贡献。Youworkwithfellowmembersoftheorganizationtoproducetheseresults.你要和同事们通力合作以达到这些目标。Eventhoughyouhaveaspecificjobfunctionandyoubelongtoaspecificdepartment,yo