高中英语基础知识提升训练

高中英语基础知识提升训练第4页共18页高中英语基础知识提升复习训练第一部分动词时态和语态一、动词时态练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Look!It______(rain)hard.Itseldom______(rain)duringthismonthofayear.2.He__________(break)hislegwhenhe_________(play)inafootballmatchagainstanotherschool.3.Idon’tknowwhenSuzan______(return),butwhenshe______(return),I_____(let)youknow.4.We______(send)foradoctorifyou_________(benot)betterthisafternoon.5.Shefelthappy,forshe_______(begiven)agoldmedalforwhatshe________(do)forthecountry.6.Thefireman_______(go)towardsthefire,which______still______(smoke)then.7.Whilemyfather____(look)throughtheeveningpaper,hesuddenly_____(let)outacryofsurprise.8.Myuncle________(come)toseeus.He__________(arrive)hereafewdaysago.He___________(leave)forSydneytomorrowmorning.9.WhenI_____(enter)theroom,he____(notsee)me.Forhe____(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.10.Wefoundthetask___________(be)muchharderthanwe___________(expect).11.Mysister________(learn)Englishsinceshe_________(be)achild.She________(speak)Englishveryfluently(流畅)now.12.IamsorryI______(keep)youwaitingsolong.Itisallright.I_____(read)thenewspapers.13.Theypromisedthatthey____(bring)usallthenecessarybooksassoonasthey____(have)achance.14.Ican’tfindmyglasses.______you____________(see)them?Yes.You_______(leave)theminthecaryesterday.15.PleasewakemeupifI______still_______(sleep)whenyou_______(come)home.16.I_________(notsee)youforages!Where______you_____(be)I___________(be)toScotland.17.Ican’topenthedoor.I__________(lose)mykey.I_________(lose)itwhileI__________(be)out.18.CCTV_________(broadcast)Englishprogramseversince1977.二、动词语态练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.learn:a.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______anything,healwaysworkshard.b.Youdon’thavetomakePaul_______anything,healwaysworkshard.2.do:a.Whatwillyou___________next?b.Whatwill____________byyounext?3.say:a.She____________thatMikewasillinbed.b.It____________thatMikeisillinbed.c.Mike_____________tobeillinbed.4.hold:a.Theywill____________theparents-meetingnextMonday.b.Theparents-meetingwill____________nextMonday.5.discuss:a.They____________thequestionsfrom5to6yesterdayafternoon.b.Thequestions______________from5to6yesterdayafternoon.6.putoff:a.Wehadbetternot_______________thesportsmeeting.b.Thesportsmeetinghadbetternot________________.7.cross:a.Inoticedanoldlady___________thestreetjustnow.b.Anoldladywasnoticed______________thestreetjustnow.8.repair:a.Weareto_______________themachinethisafternoon.b.Themachineisto________________thisafternoon.第二部分非谓语动词在英语句子中，“非谓语动词”即是不充当谓语的动词或动词短语。非谓语动词主要有：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。另外，还有独立主格结构。一、动词不定式：1、动词不定式（动词不定式短语）的功能：动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。如：It’sgreattoseeyouallhereagain.(动词不定式短语作主语，此处it是形式主语)Tocompletethetallbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.(动词不定式作主语)Hewanttogoshopping.(动词不定式短语作宾语)Mymotherhatestomovefromplacetoplace.(动词不定式短语作宾语)Myhopeistoreceiveyourletters.(动词不定式短语作表语)Thepurposeoftheorganizationistogreetallnewcomerstothecity.

(动词不定式作表语)Iamlookingforaroomtolivein.(动词不定式作定语，限定room的范围)Hewenttogoshopping.(动词不定式作目的状语，表示went的目的)Heaskedyoutocallhimatteno’clock.(动词不定式作宾补)2、动词不定式的时态和语态运用：（1）一般式：todo(主动式）；tobedone(被动式）Ihavemanyclothestowash.（不定式towash作定语，用主动式，因为其主语是人）Manyclothesaretobewashed.（不定式tobewashed作表语，用被动式，因为主语是物）Therearemanyclothestobewashed.（不定式tobewashed作定语，用被动式，主语是物）（2）进行式：tobedoingTodaywehavechatrooms(网聊室),textmessaging(手机短信),e-mailing…,butweseemtobelosingtheartofcommunicatingface-to-face.（不定式的进行式，作seem的表语）（3）完成式：tohavedone（主动式）；tohavebeendone（被动式）ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreportedtohavebrokentheworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.（主动完成式，作who的补足语）Theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdleracewasreportedtohavebeenbrokenbyLiuXiang.（被动完成式，作Theworldrecord的补足语）二、动词-ing形式（动名词和现在分词）：1、动名词的作用：Dancingismyfavorite.（动名词作主语）It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.（动名词短语作主语，It是形式主语）Haveyoufinishedwritingyourletter?（动名词短语作宾语）MyjobislearningEnglish.（动名词短语作表语）Thiscompanyhasaswimmingpool.(动名词作定语，限定pool的范围)WeareinterestedinlearningEnglish.（作in的宾语，一般主动式）Shecametomyweddingwithoutbeinginvited.（作介词without的宾语，一般被动式）Idon’trememberhavingborrowedmoneyfromyou.(作remember的宾语，完成主动式)MaryforgetshavingbeingtakentoBeijingwhenshewasveryyoung.（作forgets的宾语，完成被动式）Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?(动名词的复合结构作宾语:物主代词/名词所有格+动名词)IrememberTom’splayingwiththemthatday.(动名词的复合结构作宾语，同上)有些动词后面常常接“动名词”，不接动词不定式，如：Sheenjoysreading.这些动词可以归纳为：“keep,delay(延误),imagine(想象)+mecarfeps”。“mecarfeps”的读音是“霉咖啡不吃”，它包含这些动词：mind(介意),enjoy,can’thelp,avoid/appreciate,risk,finish,excape,practice,suggest(建议)/stand(忍受)Iappreciateyourmakingefforttocome.你能尽力赶来，我很感激。（yourmaking是动名词复合结构作appreciate的宾语）Daveescapedbeingdrowned.Dave逃脱了，没有被淹死。（beingdrowned作宾语）Weshoulddelayholdingthesportingmeeting.我们应该延迟举办运动会。（holdingthesportingmeeting作delay的宾语）有些动词后面接不定式和动名词时，意义不一样。(1)forget,remember,stop,regret这几个个动词后面接不定式表示还没有做某事，接动名词表示已经做了某事：Don’tforgettobringyourhomeworktomorrow.不要忘了，明天把作业带来。Iforgetborrowingabookfromthelibrarylastweek,soIborrowanotherone.我忘记了上周在图书馆借了一本书，于是又借了一本。(2)goondoing继续做同一件事情；goontodo接下来做另一件事情(3)trydoingsth.试着做某事；trytodo尽量做某事；managetodo做成了某事2、现在分词的作用（现在分词有主动或进行之意）：Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.(作定语，限定man的范围表,进行)Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.(被动式，作定语，限定film的范围,表进行)Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.(作表语，表示film的特点，有主动之意)Thepresentsituationisinspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。(作表语，有主动之意)Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?(作宾补，补充her的动作,有主动之意)9.【2015·天津】5.______inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.A.Toabsorb B.Tobeabsorbed C.Absorbed D.Absorbing10.【2015·陕西】17.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton________allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.A.tothankB.thankingC.havingthankedD.tohavethanked11.【2015·陕西】18.Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother__________goodcareofathome.A.takingB.takenC.takeD.betaken12.【2015·福建】28._________moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.A.Learn B.Learned C.Tolearn D.Tobelearning13.【2015·福建】33.InrecentyearsanEnglishword"infosphere"hasappeared,_______thesenseof“information”and"atmosphere".A.combine B.combinedC.combiningD.beingcombined14.【2015·江苏】24.Muchtime_____sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.A.beingspentB.havingspentC.spentD.spending15.【2015·安徽】27.______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.A.Ignore B.Ignoring C.Ignored D.Havingignored16.【2015·湖南】34.SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents________whatisbotheringthem.A.totalkoverB.talkedoverC．talkoverD．havingtalkedover非谓语动词练习二、“高考2015年高考题选讲”解析：1.A.考查非谓语动词。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.­ing形式作伴随状语，故选A。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那儿，不知道是走还是留。2.C.句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，不定式作目的状语，表示提前叫出租车并且早起的目的。3.C考查非谓语动词，这里是现在分词作伴随或方式状语。此类题需要先判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词是主动关系还是被动关系，然后看非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序。4.D.句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。本题暗含了状语从句的省略和非谓语动词的用法两个知识点，并牢记现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式表将要执行的动作的原则。做好此类题需要牢记句子中省略，还有主语和动词之间的关系。5.C.句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是主谓关系.从选项看，不定式表示目的和将来；动词的ing形式表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。从句子结构判断，两个句子是否共用一个主语，主语与第一个动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，再者还要注意判断时间关系，从而得出答案来。6.C句意:象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语或方式。7.D.句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hearsb/sthdoing表听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动形式，所以选D。A是动词原形，B是非谓语现在分词形式，C是非谓语的不定式，D是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。8.D。句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用havingworked，表示动作的完成形式。9.C。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语beabsorbedin全神贯注于，在句中作状语，与主语呈被动关系，故选C。10.A.句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，AnneBenedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。goontodo继续做不同的事情，goondoing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。11.B.句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr.Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。hismother和takecareof是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，所以选B。12.C.考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式作目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。13.C.句意：最近几年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的“结合”与前面新出现的单词"infosphere"的关系是主动的，所以故选C。14.C。上班族们坐在办工座桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应该用独立主格结构。分词主语“muchtime”和分词动作“spend”之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，是被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词，故选C。15.B，考查动名词作主语。“willbe”前面的“______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindings”是主语部分，动词原形和过去分词不能直接作主语，要用动名词作主语。且you和ignore是主谓关系，此处是主动关系，这里表示同时发生，而非先后发生，因此不用分词的完成式。16.A。句意：有时我充当了倾听同学们谈论烦心事的对象。此处不定式表示目的，故选A。第三部分复合句复合句是指含有状语从句、名词从句和定语从句的句子，所有从句中要用陈述语气和陈述语序。第一节状语从句状语从包括时间、地点、原因、目的、条件、结果、让步等状语从句。一、时间状语从句，引导词有：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,since,assoonas,till,once；themoment,thefirsttime,bythetime等I’lltellhimthenewsassoonasImethim.Wewaitedtillhehadfinishedthiswork.Theywon’tgountiltheclassisover.IrecognizedyoutheminuteIsawyou.ThefirsttimeIclimbedontotheGreatWall,Ifeltnervous.小窍门：可以把theminute、thefirsttime等替换成when来理解，这样，它们引出的时间状语从句就容易理解了。另外注意两点：1、when/while/as：When引导时间状语从句时，既可以接时间段，又可以接时间点；while引导时间状语从句时接时间段（动词是延续性的）；as常常表示“随着……；一边……一边……”。另外，when常常表示“突然；正在那时”，相当于“atthattime;suddenly”；while常常表示“然而”。例如：Mybrotherfellwhen/whilehewasridinghisbicycle.（“当……时候”，是一个“时间段”）Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.（“当……时候”，是一个“时间点”）Wegetwiseraswegetolder.（“随着……”）IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardsomeonecalledhelp.（“正在那时，突然”）Theteachercouldnotworkouttheproblemwhilethechildcould.（“然而”，引导并列句）2、时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时态表示将来时态。IwilltellhimaboutitwhenIseehim.（用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态）Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.（在宾语从句中，该用一般将来时态就用一般将来时态）二、地点状语从句，引导词有where,wherever,everywhere,nomatterwhereHewillworkwherevermoneyiseasilymade.Hefoundhiscomputerwherehehadleftit.Herdogfollowshereverywhereshegoes.Nomatterwhereyoustudy,youcanimproveyourself.三、目的状语从句，引导词有sothat,inorderthat,incase以防,forfear(that)以免Theystudyhardsothattheycangotocollege.Inorderthathemightgetajob,hewenttoliveintown.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.Heputhismoneyintheboxforfearthatit(should)bestolen.（从句中用的是虚拟语气）四、结果状语从句，引导词有so…that,such…that,sothat,withtheresultthat等Thestoneissoheavythatnobodycouldmoveit.Heissohonestthateveryonebelievesinhim.=Heissohonestamanthateveryonebelievesinhim.=Heissuchanhonestmanthateveryonebelievesinhim.Sarawasn’tatschoollastweek,withtheresultthatshemissedanimportanttest.五、原因状语从句，引导词有because,since,as,nowthat=sinceBecause语气强，可以用来回答why提出的问题，since和as语气较弱。Iboughtseveralpensbecausetheywerecheap.Sincetheweatherhasimproved,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasplanned.六、条件状语从句，引导词有if如果；unless(不用于虚拟语气)；incase万一，如果；onconditionthat在……的条件下；as/solongas只要；once一旦条件状语从句中用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态。IfitisfinenextSunday,wewillgoforaspringouting.Onecannotlearnaforeignlanguageunlesshestudieshard.PleaseaskhimtowaitforamomentincasehearrivesbeforeIgetback.Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatweshouldreturnitbeforetheweekend.Aslongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytosolveit.Onceyouhearthestory,youwillneverbeabletoforgetit.七、方式状语从句，引导词有as像……一样；asif/asthough好像，仿佛PleasedoasItellyou.Thechildactasifhewereaman.（是虚拟语气）Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.（事实是：要下雨了，是陈述语气，不是虚拟语气）八、让步状语从句，引导词有though,although,eventhugh/evenif,whoever,nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等Though/Althoughheis60yearsold,(yet)helooksquiteyoung.(用了though,就不用but)Whichever/Nomatterwhichbookyouborrow,youmustreturnininaweek.第三部分复合句第一节状语从句练习题：选择最佳答案。1.(a).______heheardthis,hegotveryangry.(b).ImetLucy_______Iwaswalkingalongtheriver.(c)._______achild,helivedinthecountry.A.whenB.whileC.AsD.When/While/As2.(a).Wewereabouttoleave_______itbegantorain.(b).ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.A.whenB.whileC.AsD.When/While/As3.(a).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_______greatitis.(b).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______greatitis.(c).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______difficultyitis.(d).Ifweworkhard,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,nomatter_____difficultyitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever4.(a).Hewouldhavealookatthebookstores_______hewenttotown.(b).Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,_________happens.(c).Ifweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_______greatitis.(d).I’llgivethebookto_______likesEnglish.A.wheneverB.whoeverC.whateverD.however5.(a).Itwillbeyears_______wemeetagain.(b).It’stenyears_______Icametothistown.(c).It’stenyearsago______Icametothistown.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since6.(a)._______latehegoestobed,healwaysgetsupearly.(b).I’dliketogowithyou,__________,myhandsarefull.A.howeverB.HowC.NomaterhowD.but7.(a).Tomfailedintheexamination_________hehadn’tworkedhard.(b).Itrainedlastnight,_______thegroundiswet.(c)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.A.becauseB.forC.Since8.(a).Goandgetyourcoat.It’s_______youleftit.(b).Youarefreetogo_______youlike.A.thereB.whereC.whereverD.when第二节名词从句名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句：一个句子充当主语，该句子就叫主语从句。Thattheearthgoesroundthesunisknowntousall.=Itisknowntousallthattheearthgoesroundthesun.（it作形式主语，that不能省略）Whathesaidisimportant.(从句中what是主语从句的引导词，作主语从句中的宾语)Whenandwherehewasbornisasecret.(when和where是作主语从句的时间状语和地点状语)Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmatteralot.(从句中的whether是引导词，表示疑问语气)二、宾语从句：一个句子充当宾语，该句子就叫宾语从句。分为三种类型：1、由that引导的宾语从句，that常常可以省。（它在直接引语中原来是一个陈述句）Shesaid(that)itwasverycoldinMoscow.(that是引导词，在宾语从句中不作任何成分，可省)2、由whether/if引导的宾语从句。（它在直接引语中原来是一个一般疑问句）Henryaskedwhether/iftheywouldcomethenextday.(whether/if是引导词，表示疑问语气)3、由疑问词引导的宾语从句。（它在直接引语中原来是一个特殊疑问句）Doyouknowwhathewilltellus?(what引导的从句作know的宾语)Canyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?(where引导的从句作tell的直接宾语)关于宾语从句的补充说明：(1)在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中，常常用形式宾语it来替换宾语从句：IthoughtitnecessarythatIshouldstayintheroomtillhecameback.(2)表示“请求、命令、建议”的动词后的宾语从句，其谓语动词常常用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟语气形式，其中，should常常被省略。这类动词可以归纳为：“Idropcaps”：Iinsist,ddemand,rrequire/recommend,oorder,ppropose,ccommand,aadvise,ssuggest.例如：Histeacherinsistedhe(should)giveupplayingonlinegames.Wesuggestedthathefinishthetaskwithintwodays.Weproposedshegotothehospitalatonce.TomsuggestedthatLucy(should)begiventherighttoexpressheropinion.但是注意：如果insist不是“坚持要求”，而是“申明某事”，则不用虚拟语气，而是用陈述语气；同样，如果suggest不是“建议”，而是“暗示、表明”，也不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气：Tominsiststhathedidnothingwrong.(因为此处的“insist”意思是“坚持申明”，不是“要求、建议”，所以它后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气)Thesmileonherfacesuggests(that)sheisveryhappy.(因为此处的“suggest”意思是“表明、暗示”，不是“建议”，所以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气)三、表语从句：一个句子充当表语，该句子就叫表语从句。ThisiswhathedidlastSunday.(引导词what作表语从句的宾语)ThatishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.(引导词how作表语从句的状语)Whatpeopleareworriedaboutiswhetherwewillbeabletobuildbetterfuture.下列结构常常看成表语从句：Itappearsthat…似乎……Itseemsthat…好像……Itturnedoutthat…结果是……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itappearsthattheyareinneedofmoney.Ithappenedthattheyhadnomoneyonthem.四、同位语从句：一般作某些抽象名词news,promise,fact等的同位语。Thenewsthathehadbeenkilledsurprisedpeople.（that引导的句子作news的同位语，that在从句中不作任何成分，但that不能省，下同）Weallknowthetruththattheearthgoesaroundthesun.ThefactthattheGreatBritainiscomposedof3countriesisunknowntothem.Wordcamethatthegeneralhimselfwouldcometothefront.（word：消息）Hemadethesuggestionthatthemeeting(should)bebroughttoanend.该句可以转换成宾语从句：Hesuggested(that)themeetingbebroughttoanend.Thecommandergaveanorderthatthearmy(should)advancetenmiles.该句转换成宾语从句：Thecommanderordered(that)thearmy(should)advancetenmiles.Atthemeeting,therewasarealquestionwhetherthegovernmentwouldtakeanaction.（whether引导的同位语从句作question的同位语）第三部分复合句第二节名词从句练习题（2015高考题选解）1【2015湖南】26.Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.A.what B.that C.where D.who2【2015北京】33.Itrulybelieve______beautycomesfromwithin.A.that B.where C.what D.why3【2015安徽】25.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot______shipsarebuiltfor.A.what B.whom C.why D.when4【2015浙江】6.Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigate_________isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.A.what B.who C.that D.whoever5【2015重庆】8.Wemustfindout____Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.A.when B.how C.where D.why6【2015四川】8.Theexhibitiontellsus________weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which1.【答案】Cknow后面是一个宾语从句，缺地点状语。句意：如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你将要去哪里。2.【答案】A句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心!本题考查宾语从句，从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。3.【答案】A句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选A。4.【答案】A句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水面下有什么？通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。这个句子是由investigate引导的宾语从句，因为从句部分is前面缺少主语，5.【答案】A句意：我们必须弄明白Karl什么时候来，因此我们才能给他预定房间。Findout后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。6.【答案】B本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C错误，选项D担当定语，也错误。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故选择B。第三部分复合句第二节名词从句练习题：2011-2013年高考名词从句试题1【2011北京卷22】_________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.Which B.What C.That D.Whom2【2011北京卷31】Theshockingnewsmademerealize_________terribleproblemswewouldface.A.what B.how C.that D.why3、【2011上海卷35】Thereisclearevidence_____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpret(口译，说明)isbodilypain. A.what B.if C.how D.that4、【2011上海卷38】Themessageyouintendtoconvey(传达，运输)throughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof_____othersactuallyunderstand. A.why B.that C.which D.what5、【2011山东卷26】Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why6、【2011山东卷33】We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknow______she’llacceptit. A.where B.what C.whether D.which7【2011江西卷26】Thevillagershavealreadyknown___we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.A.this B.that C.what D.which8【2011江苏卷26】Itwasneverclear______themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner. A.thatB.howC.whenD.why9【2011安徽卷33】Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout_____itisheistryingtoexpress.A.that B.how C.who D.what10【2011四川卷10】Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievein________wedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.A.whyB.howC.whatD.which11【2011辽宁卷23】Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteach________toreadfast.A.whatB.whoC.howD.why12、【2011辽宁卷32】Whenthenewscame________thewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.because13、【2011天津卷13】Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence______smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where14【2011陕西卷15】I’dliketostartmyownbusiness–that’s____I’ddoifIhadthemoney.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what15、【2011重庆卷22】Itisstillunderdiscussion__________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.A.whetherB.whenC.whichD.where16、【2011重庆卷34】Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee_______useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.A.whoseB.whatC.whichD.that17【2011湖南卷31】Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious______theproblemitselfis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why18、【2012安徽】27.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why19、【2012重庆】34.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy______children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.that20、【2012全国】24.Itisbynomeansclear________thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.howB.WhichC.thatD.what21、【2012北京】24.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt______hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.A.why B.how C.that D.whether22、【2012福建】35.Wepromise_____attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever23、【2012陕西】20.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose_____suitsyoubest.A.whateverB.whicheverC.wheneverD.wherever24、【2012山东】25.Itdoesn’tmatter_____youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why25、【2012湖南】26.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn’tmatter______youhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.when26、【2012天津】9.Itdoesn’tmatter_________youturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.A.whetherB.howC.ifD.when27、【2012江西】25.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim___hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that28、【2012辽宁】34.Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor___________hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever29、【2012四川】17.Scientistsstudy____humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.A.whenB.howC.thatD.whether30、【2012浙江】4.Imadeapromisetomyself____thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how31【2012江苏】27.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_____themeetingwouldbepostponed(延迟).A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how32【2013北京31】______makesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.A.That B.What C.Who D.Which33【2013北京33】Expertsbelieve_____peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.A.why B.where C.that D.what34、【2013湖南28】.Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell_______closeyoumaybetovictory.A.how B.that C.which D.where35、【2013江西30】_______oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit. A.Whoever B.Whatever C.Whichever D.Wherever36、【2013山东30】It’sgoodtoknow______thedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.A.what B.whose C.which D.that37、【2013陕西20】Itremainstobeseen______thenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.A.that B.which C.what D.whether38、【2013四川6】______yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutureforthecompany.A.When B.How C.What D.That39、【2013天津15】__________IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.A.ThatB.Which C.Whether D.What40、【2013新课标I卷26】Policehavefound_____appearstobethelostancientstatue. A.which B.where C.how D.what41、【2013浙江16】Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief_____youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.A.how B.thatC.which D.whether42【2013重庆28】___struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.A.That B.ItC.What D.Which43、【2013安徽21】Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis_____aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater. A.whyB.howC.becauseD.whether第三节定语从句定语从句：用一个句子来限定某个词（词组、句子）的范围，该句子就叫定语从句。被限定的词（词组、句子）就叫先行词，从句的引导词叫关系词（分为关系代词、关系副词）。关系代词：that,which,who,whose,as；关系副词：when,where,why.定语从句按关系词与先行词的关系紧密程度可以分为“限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句”；按关系词的类别可以分为“关系代词引导的定语从句、关系副词引导的定语从句、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句”三类。You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstationwhichyoucanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.（2011上海卷限定性定语从句）ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,whichheremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.（2013江苏卷非限定性定语从句）Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthat/whicharebuiltclosetoeachother.（由that/which引导的限定性定语从句，先行词是narrowstreetsandsmallhouses）Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,when/duringwhichtheaudiencecanbuyice-cream.（2011江苏卷关系副词when可以替换为duringwhich，指的是duringtheinterval）一、定语从句的运用：1、注意两个要点：（1）定语从句一定要有自己的先行词（即被限定的词、词组、句子）（2）关系词在定语从句中一定要充当某个成分（主语、定语、宾语、状语等）。Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.(2011天津卷)该句中“when”的先行词是“thedays”，意思是“在那些日子里”，用英语表达就是“during/inthosedays”，所以可以用“in/duringwhich”替换when.它在定语从句“whenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving”中作时间状语。另外，该句中的另一个定语从句“youneeded”是“all”的定语从句，关系代词“that”被省略了，在定语从句“youneeded”中作needed的宾语。2、关系词的使用：（1）一般地说，who指人，which指物，that既可以指人，又可以指物。Ihaveafriendwho/thatlikesclassicalmusicalot.（先行词是afriend，是人，作主语）Shesawawallofwaterwhich/thatwasquicklyadcancingtowardsher.（先行词是awallofwater，是物，作主语，关系词不用who）Thesoldierandhisgunthatwereherelastnightwereoutofsight.(先行词是thesoldierandhisgun，既含有人，又含有物，所以只能用that，作主语）（2）先行词是不定代词（all,something,everything等等）、先行词前有最高级或序数词、先行词前有only,little,few等时，一般用that.Is