2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语必修五Unit2Theenvironment重点词汇讲解

2019-2020年牛津译林版高中英语必修五Unit2《Theenvironment》重点词汇讲解survivaln.存在，幸存survivorn.生存者Thesurvivalofthefittestisthelawofnature.适者生存是自然法则。Heistheonlysurvivalintheaircrash.他是空难的唯一幸存者。survivev.活着，继续存在；比……活得长；从困境中活过来或挺过来Fewsurvivedaftertheflood.洪水后生还者很少。Thecustomsstillsurvives.这种风俗习惯还保存着。Hesurvivedhiswifeformanyyears.他比她妻子多活好多年。Thehousesurvivedthestorm.经过暴风雨的袭击，着所房屋并未倒塌inaddition加上，又，另外Inaddition,Ihaveonemoresuggestiontomake.另外，我还有个建议要提。Inadditiontothetipsmentionedabove,studentsshouldpayattentiontoonemoretip.除了上所提到的注意事项，学生们还得注意一点。anadditiontotheclass一名班里新加的同学additional多余的；额外的Thegovernmentisprovidinganadditional1millionyuantocarryouttheexperiment.政府额外提供一百万元进行试验。wipeout扫除，清除掉，购销(债务)，消灭，毁灭Weshouldcallonthepeopletowipeoutflies,miceandsoon.我们应该号召人民消灭苍蝇、老鼠等。Itwaswipedoutfromhismemory.这件事从他的记忆中消失了。拓展：wipeoffdirt擦去灰尘Therainthenfallingwipedawayallthefootprints.当时正下着雨，把所有的足迹都冲掉了。lay—laid—laid(1)产；下Thiskindofbirdslaytheireggsinotherbirds'nests这种鸟把自己的蛋下在别的鸟的巢里。Thisistheseasonwhenfishlayeggs,thereforefishingisforbidden.这是个鱼产卵的季节，因而禁止捕鱼。⑵放；搁，铺设Youshouldnotlayyournewsuitonthebed你不该把你的新西装放在床上。.You'dbetterputtheproblemasideandthinkaboutitlater.你最好把这个问题放一放，过一会儿再思考。Theworkersarelayingthecable.工人们在铺设电缆。⑶摆放tolaythetable 摆放餐具准备用餐。注意：lie—lied—lied—lying说谎lie——lay——lain——lying躺lay—laid—laid—laying放置，搁，产卵run⑴跑Luiscanrunasfastasahorse.刘易斯跑得象马一样快。⑵经营Heislearninghowtorunabusiness.他正在学如何经营事业。⑶开设TheschoolrunscoursesforthosewhowanttoimprovetheirEnglish.学校为那些想提高英语的人开设课程。(4)开动，运转Whocanrunthismachine? 谁能开动这台机器？5)Whohadthemachinerunningthewholenightyesterday?谁让机器昨天开一夜？⑸延伸Thisroadrunsasfarastheriver.这条路一直通至U河。⑹流；淌Tearsrandownherfaceaftersheheardthemovingstory.听了那动人的故事，泪水沿着脸流下。runningwater自来水beconcernedabout(for,over)对 关心Weareallconcernedabouthersafety.我们都很关心她的安全。Shewasmuchconcernedoverthelivingconditionsoftherefugees.她很关心难民的生活情况。concerned形容词，意思是“和……有关”Weshallhavetoconsulttheothercountriesconcerned.我们得和其他有关国家磋商。Thiswasgoodnewstoeveryoneconcerned.这对每一个有关的人来说都是好消息。concerningprep.介词，通常用于比较正式的场合，意思是“关于 ”Iwrotetotheheadofthecompanyconcerningabusinessarrangement.我就一项业务安排问题写信给该公司经理。asfaras…beconcerned就 而言AsfarasI'mconcerned,Icannotobjecttoyourmarriage.就我个人而言，我不反对你们结婚。Figure数字Don'tjustlookatthefigures,lookatthequalityofwork,too.不要只看数字，还要看工作质量。(1)figure图形，人物squarefigure方形historicalfigure历史人物(2)figureout弄懂，弄明白，想出办法I’llfigureoutwhattodonext.我来看看下一部怎么办。runoutof用完了Wehaverunoutofmilkandbread.我们没有牛奶和面包了。runfor竞选Sherunformayorthreetimes.她三次竞选市长。runacross偶遇runafter追赶，追逐Iranacrossmyteacheratthehall.我在大厅里遇至"了老师。eco-环境的，生态的ecology生态学 ecological生态的 ecologist生态学家 ecotype生态型ecoearriers生态保护战士 ecotourism生态旅游 ecotourist生态旅游者ecofriendly环保的 ecodevelopment生态发展 ecosystem生态系统eco-activity生态活动ecocatastrophe生态灾难globaladj.全球的，全世界的globalissue全球性问题globalvillage地球村globalwarming全球变暖globalizev.全球化，全世界化globalizationn.theglobalizationofworldtrade世界贸易的全球化globen.地球仪，地球，世界touristsfromeverycorneroftheglobe来自世界各地的游人electricadj.电的，用电的，带电的electriclight/guitar电灯/电吉他electricrazor 电动剃须刀electricblanket 电热毯electricaladj.电的，与电有关的，电气科学的electricalequipment 电器设备electricalengineering 电机工程electricityn. 电electriciann. 电工customsn.海关，报关手续，关税Ittookusanhourtogetthrough/passthecustoms.我们花了一个小时的时间通过海关。Ihadtopaycustomsonthiscamera.我得为这部相机支付关税。customn.风俗习惯，习俗Socialcustomsvarygreatlyfromcountrytocountry.各个国家的社会习俗有很大的差异。thecustomofgivingpresentsatChristmas圣诞互赠礼物的习俗Itisthecustominthatcountryforwomentomarryyoung.那个国家妇女早婚是一种风俗习惯。theCustoms海关acustomsofficer海关人员customsduties关税Thestateofourparksisveryshocking,withrubbisheverywhere.公园里到处都是垃圾，令人震惊。Shockv.使……震惊Iwasverymuchshockedatthesight.这情景使我大为震惊。Shockn.冲击，打击，电击Itwasagreatshockforhimwhenhiswifedied.他妻子的死对他上一个沉重的打击。Anelectricshockcankillyou. 电击可致人于死地。相关短语：cultureshock文化冲击(休克)futureshock未来冲击(震撼)shocked感到震惊shocking令人震惊impressv.给 留下印象Weinterviewedanumberofcandidatesbutnoneofthemimpressedus.我们和数名申请人进行了面谈，但没给我们留下什么印象。Heimpressedherwithhissincerity.他以自己的真诚给她留下了深刻的印象。impressionn.印象，感想Myfirstimpressionofhimwasfavourable.他给我的第一印象不错。Shegivestheimpressionofbeingverybusy.她给人的感觉总是很忙。make…impressionon给 留下 印象HistriptoIndiamadeastrongimpressiononhim.他的印度之行对他的振动很大。leaveanimpressiononsb.给某人留下印象。decreasev.(使某物)变小或变少；减少；n.decrease(insth.)减少；降低Studentnumbershavedecreasedby500.学生人数减少了500。Themembershipdecreasedto150.会员数减少到150。Interestinthesportisdecreasing.人民对这项运动项目的兴趣已逐渐淡薄。Therehasbeenadecreaseinpopulation.人口数已有下降。反义词；increaseTouristshaveincreasedinnumber.旅游者的人数增加了。Increaseinpopulationcausedashortageoffood.人口的增加导致了粮食的不足measurev.量度，测量；n.量器；尺度，标准；措施，办法；Thetailormeasuredme(up)forasuit.裁缝给我量尺寸做衣服。Thisroommeasures6metersby4.这个房间6米长，4米宽。Theytookstrongmeasuresagainstrecklessdrivers.他们对于卤莽的驾驶员采取了强硬的手段。clothesmadetomeasure订做的衣服atapemeasure卷尺stockn.库存物，存货；adj.常备的；常用的，陈腐的；v.储备Haveyouanyredshirtsinstock?你们有红色衬衣的的现货吗？Assoonastheyheardaboutpossiblefoodshortages,theybegantostockup.他们一听说食物可能短缺，就立刻储备起来。Westockalotofcannedfoodinthebasement.我们在地下室里储存了大量的罐头食品。Stocksofthecompanyarerising(falling)该公司的股票正在上涨(下跌)。thestockexchange证券交易所pickout选出，拣出Herearesonemagazines.Youcanpickoutthoseyouwant.这里有一些杂志，你可挑出你想要的。pickup;拈起，学会，收听到，搭载，康复Shepickedupthetelephoneonherdeskandbegantodial.她拿起桌上的电话开始拨号。Thelittlegirlpickedherselfupandwentonplaying.那小女孩自己爬起来玩。Youngchildrensoonpickupwordstheyheartheireldersuse.小孩很快就学会了他们听到大人们讲的那些话。Wepickedupsignalsforhelpintheradio.我们在无线电里收到了呼救信号。Thebusstoppedtopickuppassengers.公共汽车停下来让乘客上车。Shewasillforsometime,butsheisnowpickingup.她病了一阵子，不过现在正在康复。辨析：pickout,choose和selectpickout指“仔细挑选”，表示选择时的小心谨慎；choose是一般性选择，在明确两者之间选一个时，用select侧重于从许多不同种类中进行挑选时的挑剔态度raisev.举起，提起，升起，提高，引起，激起，使……产生或出现，养育，饲养Sheraisedhereyesandstaredatme.她抬起眼睛盯着我。Mysalarywasraisedto50000yuanayear.我的薪水被增加到每年50000元。Pleaseraiseyourhand. 请举手。Sheraisedthewindowandletinthefreshair.她把窗户推上去，让新鲜空气进来。Heraisedhisvoice. 他提高声音。Iwasraisedbymyaunt.我由姑姑抚养长大。raisemoney募捐raiseaquestion提问题raisecattle养牛比较：raisevt.(raised/raised)举起，抬起risevi.(rose/risen) 上升，起立Priceshavebeenraisedup.价格被提高了。Pricesrosegradually. 价格逐渐上涨。appreciate赞赏，欣赏，感激Ireallyappreciateyourhelp.我真的很感激你的帮助。Doyouappreciategoodwine?你会鉴赏好酒吗？练习一、词汇拼写Thetwosideshadafiercedbeforetheyreachedanagreement.Therearenofactoriesinthearea,sothereisnoipollution.Thesemeasuresareveryb,you'dbettertakethem.Itisothatheknowsnothingaboutwhathashappened,youmaytellhimnow.InordertostudythesinRussia,MarxbegantolearnRussianinhissixties.The(环境)pollutionhereisveryserious,whichthegovernmentshouldnottakenonoticeof.Franklyspeaking,Ididitoutofmy愿意).(^T)rememberingnewwords,weshoulddomorereadingaloudinthemorning.Iamgladtoseemanyofyouhavemade稳定)progressthisterm.Thereareavarietyofgasesinthe大气).WhatLiuXiangdidattheOlympicGamesexcitedthewholen.Usingtherighthandtoshakehandsisac.Theyweretalkingacrossthegardenf.Becauseoftheheavyrainthelofthelakehasrisen6inches.Atwhatagedoesanelephantreachfullg?Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoften（导致）toillness.Youwill（危及）yourhealthifyouworksohard.Plasticstodaycontributetoawide（范围）ofindustries.That'sjustbecauseyoucan't（欣赏）music.The■（使用）ofsomeEnglishwordsaredifficulttolearn.Nowit'stime（自由发言），youmayairyouropinionsfreely.Iamafraidwewillhavetostopatthegasstation,we（用完）theoil.Whichofthesofthefouristrueaccordingthepassage.Weshallstartupontheaofthelastguest.Moststudentsareworkinghard,someofthemhavealreadymaderprogress.Hiseffortsfinally（导致结果）hisgreatsuccess.Somenaughtyboycan't（集中）whattheteacherssayinclass,theyareoftenabsent-minded.Asisknowntoall,itis（非法的）tohuntwildlife.Someanimalshaveseveral（胃）.Hisarmy（装备）theweaponsmadeinGermany.Studentsarerequiredtowatchcwhendoingchemicalexperiment.Hecanearnmoneyhimself,henolongerneedsto（依靠）hisparents.NowintheUSA,hehascometorealizethe重要性）ofEnglish.Theareaoflandthatis（可耕的）iscomparativelysmall.Itisastocheatintheexams.二、用所给的动词短语的适当形式填空A）选择正确的词或短语填空voice,wipeout,liveon,cutbackon,expand,run,pay,tax,lay,approachUnliketigers,deergrass.Heworksveryhard,ofcoursehewellWeshouldharesfortheyaredestroyingtheplants.Theoldworkercannotthismachine,madeinJapan.It'syourturntoyouropinion.Theproductsheavilywhentheyareimported.Somecountrieshavedecidedtothenumberofarmy.ThecompanywillitsbusinessbyopeningtwomorebranchesAutumn,youmayputonmoreclothesifnecessary.Thehen-aneggadayforalongtime.B）用所给词汇的适当形式填空Thefloorrequires（wash）.Hecoulddonothingbutoutforawalkalone（go）.IhaveneverheardasinglewordinFrench（speak）.Notallchildrenhadachancetoschoolatthattime（go）.Thebookonthetabledoesn'tbelongtome（lie）.Theyarepracticingthenewsong（sing）.IfeellikehimwhatIthinkofhim（tell）.We’dbetterkeepasecretofthethingsherenow(discuss).Hurryup!Motherissuretousathome(waitfor).Doyouthinkthesituation(encourage)?The Giant Pandais knownas the(nation) treasure ofChina.How canI getthe(dirty)offthewalls?You heard nothing(concern)thismatter, didyou?Agoodsleepingbagisanessentialpartofeverycamper's(equip).Youshouldemployavarietyof(technical)inthetest.三、单项选择Overonethousandpeoplevisitedtheexhibitionthosewhowerepresentattheopeningceremonyonthefirstday.exceptexceptforwiththeexceptioninadditiontoHetriedtothememoryofhisformergirlfriend.wipedoutofwipeinwipeupwipeoutTheboyonthegroundtohisfatherthatthehentwoeggesthatday.laying;lied;laidlying;lied;laidlying;lay;liedlay;lied;laidThecupwasfullandthewaterinitwas.runningoverrunningoutrunningthroughrunninggoutofIt'snotnecessaryforyoutobeaboutother'sbusiness.A.concernB.concerningC.concernedD.concernyourselfIcan'twhyshesaidso.A.figureout B.thinkoverC.thinkof D.figureonEveryone wishes forpeace.A. globe B. globallyC. global D. theglobeThelittlegirlwasfrightenedandstoodtohermother.A. closely B. closeC.tocloseD.closingIgotmyfirstwhenIfoundthatonlyonegraduateschoolwouldtakeagirlstudentinphysics.Ihadneverimaginedthat!A.bandB.greetingC.rewardD.shockUsuallywhattheteachersayswillleaveadeepachild.markwithimpressiononeffectinimaginationofWeshouldpayattentiontothevoiceofthe.countrystatenationna