英语连词及其用法

英语连词(1)

2011-03-232021/5/91一、并列连词1、表示对等关系的并列连词。使用该类并列连词时必须保持结构对等，词性统一，在句子中要使用对等成分，不可失之偏颇。常用的该类连词有：and，either．．．or，neither．．．nor，aswellas，both．．．and，notonly．．．butalso。如：Thisisanoldclockthatisnotonlyveryhandsomebutalsoaccurate．2、表示选择关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：or，orelse，otherwise，ratherthan，either．．．or。如：Youshouldgetthelicenserightaway，oryou'llhavetopayafine．2021/5/923、表示转折和对比关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：but，while，whereas，yet，however，nevertheless，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary。如：

Sheisafunnygirl，yetyoucan'thelplikingher．4、表示因果关系的并列连词。常用的该类连词有：so，for，therefore，hence，thus，consequently，accordingly。如：

Itwasrainingheavily，sothesportsmeetingwaspostponed．2021/5/93二、从属连词

1、引导时间状语的从属连词。该类连词除一些常用的外，还包括：assoonas，themoment（一……就……），theminute，theinstant，once，immediately（一……就……），nosooner．．．than（一……就……），hardly．．．when（刚……就……）。如：

Hetoldmethenewsimmediatelyhegotit．2、引导地点状语的从属连词。该类连词有两个：where和wherever。如：

Wherethereisalife，thereisahope．3、引导条件状语的从属连词。该类连词除if，unless和ifonly（要是……就好了），还有：provided（that），providing（that），supposing（that），suppose，incase（that），aslongas（只要），onconditionthat。如：

IfonlyIhadmoremoney，Icouldbuysomenewclothes．

2021/5/944、引导目的状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：sothat，that，inorderthat，lest，forfearthat，incase（that）。例如：

Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt．5、引导原因状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，because，since，inthat，nowthat（既然），seeingthat（鉴于）。例如：

Seeingthatitiseighto'clock，we'llwaitnolonger．6、引导比较状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，as．．．as，less（more）．．．than，themore．．．themore。例如：

Themorewecandoforyou，thehappierwewillbe．2021/5/957、引导方式状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：as，asif（好像），asthough（好像）。例如：

Heatcanflowfromahotbodytoacoolerbodyasifitwereafluid．8、引导结果状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：so．．．that，such．．．that，so（that）。例如：

Heissuchanhonestmanthateveryonewouldliketotrusthim．9、引导让步状语的从属连词。该类连词主要有：though，although，evenif，eventhough，while，as，whatever，however，whoever，nomatter．．．（不管）。例如：

Hardashetried，hefailedtopasstheexam．2021/5/96三、连接代词和连接副词

这类词用来引导名词性从句。连接代词有：that，which，what，who，whose等；连接副词有：when，where，how，why等。2021/5/97四、关系代词和关系副词

这类词用来引导定语从句。关系代词包括：who，that，which，as，whose，whom等。关系副词包括：when，where，why，how等。关系代词和关系副词起着三重作用：其一，它们连接着主句和从句；其二，它们代表着主句的一个先行词（which和as还可以代表主句中的一个词组或整个句子）；其三，它们又在从句中充当成分。2021/5/98特殊的连词

一.由动词转化成的连词1.suppose（如果，假使）引导条件状语从句。例如：

Supposeitrains，whatshallwedo？如果天下雨，我们该怎么办？2.save（除了，只是）引导状语从句，表示伴随状况。例如：

Asimilartimetablehasbeenused，savethatthemorningbreakisshorter.已经采用了差不多相同的时间表，只是早上的休息时间缩短了。2021/5/99二.由分词转化成的连词

1.现在分词由现在分词转化成的连词有seeing（考虑到……），supposing（假定），providing（如果……的话），considering（考虑到）等，可用来引导条件状语从句。例如：（1）Hecanstayhereprovidingheworks.如果他工作的话，他可以留在这儿。（2）Supposingthatyou'vemadesomeprogress，youshouldnotbeproud.假定你有了一些进步，你也不应该骄傲自大。（3）Consideringtheyarenewcomers，they'vedoneverywell.考虑到他们是新来的，他们已经做得很好了。2021/5/910 2.过去分词由过去分词转化成的连词有provided（如果……的话；以……为条件），granted（假定；即使）等，可用来引导条件状语从句。例如：（1）Youmaygo，providedyourworkisdone.如果你的工作做完了，你就可以走了。（2）Grantedthathehasenoughmoneytobuythehouse，itdoesn'tmeanhe'sgoingtodoso.即使他有足够的钱来买这栋房子，他也不一定会这么做。2021/5/911三.由副词转化成的连词

directly和immediately均表示“一……就，马上，立刻”的意思，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：（1）DirectlyIhaddoneit，IknewIhadmadeamistake.我刚做完这件事，就知道出错了。（2）IcameimmediatelyI'deaten.我一吃完就来了。2021/5/912四.由名词转化成的连词 由名词转化过来的连词，前面一般都有定冠词。

1.themoment，theinstant，theminute这几个词组都表示“一……就，马上，立刻”的意思，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：（1）Iwillmeetyoutheinstantyouarrive.你一到我就去见你。（2）Themomentyouleave，pleasetellme.你一动身就请告诉我。

2.thefirst（或second，next，last）time（或moment）表示“在某一次……的时候”，可用来引导时间状语从句。例如：

IlikedherthefirsttimeImether.第一次见到她时我就喜欢上了她。2021/5/913五.介词短语转化成的关联连词 常见的有forfearthat（唯恐），incasethat（假使），inorderthat（为了），onconditionthat（如果），withtheresultthat（结果）等，可用来引导条件、目的或结果状语从句。例如：（1）Hehurriedhomeforfearthathemightmisshisguests.他急忙赶回家，唯恐见不到他的客人。（2）IncaseI'mlate，startwithoutme.如果我来晚了，你们不必等我。（3）IwasinthebathwiththeresultthatIdidn'thearthetelephone.我正在浴室里洗澡，结果没有听见电话铃响。（4）Theyflewthereinorderthattheymightbeintimetoattendtheopeningceremony.为了能及时参加开幕典礼，他们乘飞机到了那里。2021/5/914常用的英语连词1)先后次序关系：atthistime;first;second;atlast;next；previously;simultaneously;eventually；lastbutnotleast；tobeginwith；tostartwith；toendwith；finally；seeing...；sincethen；firstofall；afterwards;followingthis;precedingthis.2)因果关系：because；becauseofthis；beingthat；anotherimportantfactor／reasonof...；since；as；for；inthat...；owingto；dueto；forthereasonthat...；inviewof；thereasonseemstobeobvious;thereareabout...；forthisreason;asaresultofthis；therefore；...andso...；consequently；asaresult；thus；hence；so；sothat...；inconsequence；asaconsequence；accordingly;inevitably;undertheseconditions;thereupon.2021/5/9153)转折关系：but；evenso；however；though；eventhough；independentof；recklessof；despitethat；inspiteofthat；regardlessof;yet...；andyet；but，unless.4)并列关系：and;also；too；aswellas；either...，or...；both...and...5)(补充)递进关系：furthermore；moreover；further；Inthisway；still；notonly...butalso...；not...but...；inaddition(to)；additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically,next,besides；asfaras...isconcerned;moreover；inotherwords；alongthislineofconsideration；ontheonehand...，ontheotherhand...；even；asapoplarsayinggoes...；inordertodoit...;meanwhile；atthesametime；accordingly；Inthefirstplace...，inthesecondplace...;equallyimportant;ofevengreaterappeal.2021/5/9166)比较关系：similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith；whencomparedwith；comparedwith；wheninfact...;like...；likewise；similarlyimportant；apartfrom(doing)...；...ratherthan...，bydoingso；both…and...;inthesameway;notonly...but(also).7)对照(不同点)：yet;still;forallofthat;notwithstanding;rather;neither...nor;although;though;but;however;somethingisjusttheotherwayaround；yet;conversely；unlike；opposedto;asopposedto；incontrast(to)；bywayof；onthecontrary；differentfromthis；asopposedtothis；nevertheless;contraryto；whereas；while；butontheotherhand.2021/5/9178)举例关系:forexample；forinstance；inthiscase;namely；asyouknow；youmayas／say；asheexplains；like；suchas；acaseinpointis...;consider...；inparticular；including...；foronething...，foranother...；putitsimply；statedroughly；asanillustration，Iwillsay...；agoodexample(of...)wouldbe...；todetailthis，Iwouldliketo...；Itisinterestingtonotethat...；inthissituation;asproof;takethecaseof;takeasexample(something)；asfor;asregards；asto；accordingto;onthisoccasion.9)强调关系：infact;especially；particularly；moreover；naturally;whatismoreimportant；inreality；certainly;ofcourse;indeed;inparticular；nottomention...；believeitornot；undeniably;otherthingbeingequal；itiscertain／surethat...；tobestrict;tobetrue；bydefinition;definitely;undoubtedly;withoutadoubt;intruth,inanyevent;withoutreservation;obviously,notonly..but(also...),both...and...2021/5/91810)条件关系:if；unless;lest；providedthat；ifitisthecase；inthissense；once...；ifpossible；ifnecessary；ifso；ifnotall;ifanything.11)归纳总结类：inotherwords；onthewhole;insum;therefore；hence；inshort；inbrief；tosumup；inconclusion;insummary；toconclude；theconclusioncanbedrawnthat...;forthisreason;inshort.12)地点关系：beyond;oppositeto;adjacentto;atthesameplace;there;over;inthemiddle;around;infrontof;inthedistance;farther;hereandthere;above;below;attheright;between;onthisside.13)目的关系：withthisobject;forthispurpose;inorderthat;inthisway,since;sothat;onthataccount;incase;withaviewto;forthesamereason.2021/5/91914)重申关系：inotherwords;thatistosay;asIhavesaid;again;onceagain.15)结果关系：accordingly;thus;consequently;hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;undertheseconditions;asaresult;asaconsequence;because;becauseof;sothat;notonly...but(also...);so...asto.16)顺序关系：first;second;thirdly;next;then;attheoutset(在开始时)，followingthis;atthistime;now;atthispoint;after;afterward;afterthis;subsequently;lastly;finally;consequently;beforethis;previously;precedingthis;simultaneously;concurrently(同时).17)时间关系：atonce;immediately;atlength;inthemeantime;meanwhile;atthesametime;intheend;then;soon;notlongafter;later;atonce;atlast;finally;sometimeago;atpresent;allofasudden;fromthistimeon;fromtimetotime;sincethen;when;whenever;nextpoint;afewminuteslater;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally;inamoment;shortly;whereupon;previously.2021/5/920连词辨析Idon’tknowAandB.Idon’tknowAorB.Idon’tknowA,butnotB.Hehaspromisedtodoit,(;)onlyhedoesnotkeephisword.Only=butShefailed,(;)stillshedidnotloseheart.2021/5/921Heisnotsuchafoolbutheknowsit.(but=that…not)Notaskissohardbut/butthathecanaccomplishit.Idonotdoubt/denybutthat….There/hereisnoboubt/denialbutthat…Itisnotimpossiblebutthatheisguilty.Butthat=thatButthatsheaidedme,Imighthavegonebankrupt.Butthat=ifButfor…2021/5/922Still,yet,however,nevertheless,butOrsomething,orsomewhever…;orso,orelseDresswarmly,orelseyou’llcatchcold.Aswellas,noless…than;notonly…butalso.Heisastatemanaswellasascolar.Heisnolessastatemanthanascolar.Heisnotonlyascolarbutalsoastateman.Notonlywastheroomwelldecorated,butalsomealwasready.2021/5/923Aswellasbreakingherleg,shehurtherarm.Aswellas=besides,inadditiontoHelendecidedtoquitthejobratherthantoaccepttheterm.Ratherthanbeginthestreet,hewouldprefertodieofhunger.2021/5/924That,whether,ifIwonderwhetherhedidit.Iwonderthathedidit.2021/5/925Allwhatshesaidistrue.(X)Whatshesaidistrue.Allthatshesaidistrue.Thatshewillsucceediscertain.Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.Shewillsucceediscertain.(X)2021/5/926Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked.Thisisthegirl(whom)heworkedwith.Thebookdoesn’tsaymuchthat(which)amuseschildren.All,only,much,anything,first,bestThefamouswriterandhisworksthattheradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatint