2016年6月四级真题及答案

PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension（25minutes）SectionADirections：Inthissection，youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport，youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A）TheInternationalLaborOrganization’skeyobjective.B）Thebasicsocialprotectionforthemostvulnerable.C）Risingunemploymentworldwide.D）Globaleconomicrecovery.2.A）Manycountrieshavenottakenmeasurestocreateenoughjobs.B）Fewcountriesknowhowtoaddressthecurrenteconomiccrisis.C）Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis.D）Manycountriesneedsupporttoimprovetheirpeople’slivelihood.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A）Servestandardizedfoodnationwide.B）Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.C）Increaseproteincontentinthefood.D）Offerconvenientfoodtocustomers.4.A）Theywillbefined.B）Theywillbeclosed.C）Theywillgetawarning.D）Theywilllosecustomers.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A）Inabilitytoimplementtheirbusinessplans.B）Inabilitytokeepturningoutnovelproducts.C）Lackofasuccessfulbusinessmodeloftheirown.D）Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness.6.A）Itisthesecrettobusinesssuccess.B）Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.C）Itisamagictooltobringbigrewards.D）Itisanessentialpartofbusinessculture.7.A）Itshardworkingemployees.B）Itsflexiblepromotionstrategy.C）Itsinnovationculture.D）Itswillingnesstomakeinvestments.SectionBQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A）Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife.B）ReasonsforAmericans’declineinsleep.C）Sometipstoimprovethequalityofsleep.D）Diseasesassociatedwithlackofsleep.17.A）Theyaremorehealth-conscious.B）Theyarechangingtheirlivinghabits.C）Theygetlessandlesssleep.D）Theyknowthedangersoflackofsleep.18.A）Theirweightwillgodown.B）Theirmindfunctionwilldeteriorate.C）Theirworkefficiencywilldecrease.D）Theirbloodpressurewillrise.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A）Howmuchyoucanaffordtopay.B）Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose.C）Whichuniversityyouaregoingtoapplyto.D）Whenyouaregoingtosubmityourapplication.20.A）Thelistofcoursesstudied.B）Thefullrecordofscores.C）Thereferencesfromteachers.D）Thepersonalstatement.21.A）Specifywhattheywouldliketodoaftergraduation.B）Describeindetailhowmuchtheywouldenjoystudying.C）Indicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubject.D）Emphasizethattheyadmiretheprofessorsintheuniversity.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A）Itwasequippedwithrubbertyres.B）Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury.C）ItwaspurchasedbytheRoyalfamily.D）ItwasdesignedbyanEnglishengineer.23.A）Theyconsumedlotsofpetrol.B）Theytooktwopassengersonly.C）Theyweredifficulttodrive.D）Theyoftenbrokedown.24.A）Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.B）Theywerebuiltwithlesscostlymaterials.C）TheyweremodeledafterBritishcars.D）Theyweremadeforordinaryuse.25.A）Itmadenewsallovertheworld.B）ItwasbuiltfortheRoyalfamily.C）Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel.D）Itattractedlargenumbersofmotorists.PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionADirections：Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood，andthere’sgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise，whetheratschoolorontheirown，26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina27of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic28，investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved，thebettertheirgradeswereinschool，29inthebasicsubjectsofmath，Englishandreading.Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgets.Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime.WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S.31inrecentyears，someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshow，exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe32exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimproveblood33tothebrain，fuelingmemory，attentionandcreativity，whichare34tolearning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelievestress，whichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhenthey’rerunningaround，theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.A）attendanceI）moodB）consequentlyJ）mutuallyC）currentK）particularlyD）depressingL）performanceE）droppingM）reviewF）essentialN）surviveG）feasibleO）tendH）flowSectionBDirections：Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FindingtheRightHome—andContentment，Too[A]Whenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcarefacility—amomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfear—whatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadeclear.[B]Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome，orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners？Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear，oristhatanout-modedstereotype（固定看法）？Candoingone’shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces？Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow.[C]Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare，letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.[D]Themostrecentofthesestudies，publishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontology，surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving，nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomes（knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes）.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflife，emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction，aswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities.[E]“Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes，”saidtheleadauthorofthestudy，JulieRobison，anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumption—don’tfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan’t？[F]Intheinitialresults，assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities，forinstance，andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.[G]Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables，suchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype，theyfound，thatcreatesdifferencesinresidents’responses.“Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein，combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare，theirageandmaritalstatus，”Dr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.[H]Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth，therefore，mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving（evenifherchildrenpreferredit）thaninanursinghome.Apersonwhobadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome，otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace，notthesortofplaceinitself，thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences.“Youcan’tjustsay，‘Let’sputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome—shewillbemuchbetteroff，”Dr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters，sheadded，“isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem，andwhattheyfindthere.”[I]Suchfindings，whichruncountertocommonsense，havesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving，forinstance，UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility’stype，sizeorage；whetherachainownedit；howattractivetheneighborhoodwas—hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness，mentaldecline，hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents’physicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedonetheywerethere.[J]AsIwasconsideringallthis，apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk，announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffact，consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities，thelowestrated，thanwiththefive-starones.（Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost.）[K]Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout—howarewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing？—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane，ageriatrician（老年病学专家）attheUniversityofNorthCarolina：“Inaway，thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies.”[L]Ofcourse，sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities，talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies，anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.Butperhapstheydon’thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.“Familiescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy，”Dr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.[M]Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness.Theyhavetheirideas，too.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplace—itiselegant，insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrived，thoughthevisithadbeenplanned；nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents.Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom，theysataloneatatable.[N]Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere，andsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch，thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.36.Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthananursinghomefortheirparents.37.Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities，involvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.38.Itisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome.39.Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein.40.Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome.41.ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace.42.Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction.43.Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink.44.Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving.45.Aresident’ssatisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipatedinthedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsArtificialIntelligence（AI）becomesincreasinglysophisticated，therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided，accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell，ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks，it’snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Forexample，ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse，youwouldn’twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues，”saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample，mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences，butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace，youwouldn’tthinkthat’sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines，ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtososufficienttestingandthey’veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁忌）.Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave，ithastheopportunitytostop，sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟声），andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren’tquitesureaboutadecision，wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral，andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer，robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots？A）Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogranmers.B）Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.C）Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.D）Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.47.Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor？A）Theyareaggressive.B）Theyareoutgoing.C）Theyareignorant.D）Theyareill-bred.48.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues？A）Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.B）Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.C）Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.D）Byimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings.49.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation？A）keepadistancefrompossibledangers.B）Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.C）Triggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.D）Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.50.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode？A）Determinewhatismoralandethical.B）Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.C）Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.D）Developamoresophisticatedprogram.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers？Youknowthestandardexplanations：keepingamoderatediet，engaginginregularexercise，etc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity（长寿）？Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives？AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing，moreactiveandlessneurotic（神经质的）thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory：thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly，however，othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined，forinstance，werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also，beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife，whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife，youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately，anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother’spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28，000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious，depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe’readults，whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisn’tdestiny（命运），andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn’tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.51.TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis____.A）toseewhetherpeople’spersonalityaffectstheirlifespanB）tofindoutifone’slifestylehasanyeffectontheirhealthC）toinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglifeD）toexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevity52.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoingandsympatheticpeople？A）Theyhaveagoodunderstandingofevolution.B）Theyarebetteratnegotiatinganagreement.C）Theygenerallyappearmoreresourceful.D）Theyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.53.Whatfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourexpectation？A）Easy-goingpeoplecanalsolivearelativelylonglife.B）Personalitycharacteristicsthatproveadvantageousactuallyvarywithtimes.C）Suchpersonalitycharacteristicsasself-disciplinehavenoeffectonlongevity.D）Readinesstoacceptnewideashelpsoneenjoylongevity.54.WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow？A）Children’spersonalitycharacteristicsareinvariablydeterminedbytheirmothers.B）Peoplewithunhealthyeatinghabitsarelikelytodiesooner.C）Mothers’influenceonchildrenmaylastlongerthanfathers’.D）Mothers’negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildren’slifespans.55.Whatcanwelearnfromthefindingsofthetwonewstudies？A）Anxietyanddepressionmoreoftenthannotcutshortone’slifespan.B）Longevityresultsfromacombinationofmentalandphysicalhealth.C）Personalityplaysadecisiveroleinhowhealthyoneis.D）Healthisinlargepartrelatedtoone’slifestyle.PartIVTranslation（30minutes）Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET2.功夫（KongFu）是中国武术（martialarts）的俗称.中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练.它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练.它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素.作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式.有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发.参考范文DearJack,Iamwritingtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudeforthecontinuousassistanceyouandyourfamilyhaveofferedtometheseyears.Firstly,yourcontinuoushelphavemademeasplendidacademicachievementinmystudycareer.Secondly,yourfamilyarefridendlyandmakemefeelathomewheneverytimeIvisityou.Thirdly,theChinesefoodyouhavebroughtmeisdiliciousandIenjoyitsomuch.Atlast,ImisstheChristmasnightwithyouforever.Inaword,myappreciationtoyouisbeyondwords.Besides,ItisreallyanhonorformetobeyourfriendandIwillcherishthegoodwillyouhaveshowedtomewhereverIgo.Inthecomingyear,IhopethatyouandyourfamilywouldcomeandvisitAmericaoneday.Sincerelyyours,LiMing听力1.C)Risingunemploymentworldwide.2.C)Fewcountrieshaverealizedtheseriousnessofthecurrentcrisis.3.B)Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.4.A)Theywillbefined.5.D)Failuretointegrateinnova