大学英语四级考试真题

------------------------------------------------------------------------大学英语四级考试真题2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题Part1Writing(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthemcommentonthiskindofmodernlife.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.THISMODERNLIFE:WORKHOMEPLAYSLEEP请用黑色签字笔在答题卡1指定区域作答作文题，在试题册上的作答无效。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillbear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestionstherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答1.A)HeispleasedtositonthecommitteeC)HewilltellthewomanhisdecisionlaterB)HeiswillingtoofferthewomanahandD)Hewouldliketobecomeaclubmember2.A)TheirplannedtriptoVancouverisobviouslyoverpricedB)TheyshouldborrowaguidebookinsteadofbuyingoneC)TheguidebooksinthelibraryhavethelatestinformationD)ThelibrarycanhelporderguidebooksaboutVancouver3.A)HeregretshavingtakenthehistorycourseB)HefindslittleinterestsinhistorybooksC)HehastroublefinishinghisreadingassignmentsD)Hehasdifficultyinwritingtheweeklybookreport4.A)ThemanhadbetterchooseanotherrestaurantB)ThenewrestaurantisaperfectplacefordatingC)ThenewrestaurantcaughtherfancyimmediatelyD)Themanhasgoodtasteinchoosingtherestaurant5.A)HehasbeenlookingforwardtospingC)Hewillcleanthewoman’sbootsforspringC)HehasbeenwaitingforthewintersaleD)Hewillhelpthewomanputthingsaway6.A)Atatailor’sC)InaclothstoreB)AtBob’shomeD)Inatheatre7.A)HisguestsfavorsTibetandrinksC)MineralwaterisgoodforhealthB)HiswaterisquiteextraordinaryD)Plainwaterwillservethepurpose8.A)ReporttheresultofadiscussionC)SubmitanimportantdocumentationB)RaisesomeenvironmentalissuesD)ReviseanenvironmentalreportQuestions9to12arebasedontheconversationyoujustheard9.A)TheypollutethesoilusedtocoverthemB)TheyareharmfultonearbyneighborhoodsC)TherubbishinthemtakeslongtodissolveD)Thegastheyemitisextremelypoisonous10.A)GrowingpopulationsC)ChangedeatinghabitsB)PackagingmaterialsD)Lowerproductioncost11.A)BysavingenergyC)ByreducingpoisonouswastesB)ByusinglessaluminumD)Bymakingthemostofmaterials12.A)WearerunningoutofnaturalresourcessoonB)OnlycombinedeffortscanmakeadifferenceC)ThewasteproblemwilleventuallyhurtallofusD)AllofuscanactuallybenefitfromrecyclingQuestions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)MiamiC)BellinghamB)VancouverD)Boston14.A)Togetinformationonone-wayticketstoCanadaB)Toinquireaboutthepriceof“Supersaver”seatsC)TogetadviceonhowtoflyascheaplyaspossibleD)Toinquireabouttheshortestroutetodrivehome15.A)JoinatouristgroupC)AvoidtripsinpublicholidaysB)ChooseamajorairlineD)BookticketsasearlyaspossibleSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarketedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkedthecorrespondletteronAnswersheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageoneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)TherearemysteriousstoriesbehindhisworksB)TherearemanymisunderstandingsabouthimC)Hisworkshavenomatchworldwided)Hispersonalhistoryislittleknown17.A)HemovedtoStratford-on-AvoninhischildhoodB)HefailedtogobeyondgrammarschoolC)HewasamemberofthetowncouncilD)Heonceworkedinawell-knowactingcompany18.A)WritersofhistimehadnomeanstoprotecttheirworksB)PossiblesourcesofcluesabouthimwerelostinafireC)HisworkswereadaptedbeyondrecognitionD)PeopleofhistimehadlittleinterestinhimPassageTwoQuestions19-21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard19.A)ItshowsyouhavebeenignoringyourhealthB)ItcanseriouslyaffectyourthinkingprocessC)ItisanearlywarningofsomeillnessD)Itisasymptomoftwomuchpressure20.A)ReduceourworkloadC)UsepainkillersforreliefB)ControlourtemperD)Avoidmaskingsymptom21.A)LyingdownandhavingsomesleepC)GoingoutforawalkB)Rubbingandpressingone’sbackD)ListeningtolightmusicPassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)DependingheavilyonloansC).Spendingbeyondone’smeansB)HavingnobudgetplansatallD).Leavingnoroomforlargebills23.A)ManyofthemcanbecutC)TheirpaymentcannotbedelayedB)AllofthemhavetobecoveredD)Theyeatupmostofthefamilyincome24.A)RentahouseinsteadofbuyingoneC)MakeaconversationplanB)DiscusstheprobleminthefamilyD)Movetoacheaperplace25.A)FinancialissuesplaguingafamilyC)FamilybudgetproblemsandsolutionsB)DifficultyinmakingbothendsmeetD)NewwaystoboostfamilyincomeSectionCDirections:inthissection,youwillhearapaasagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreafforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PerhapsbecausegoingtocollegeissomuchapartoftheAmericandream,manypeoplegoforno(26)_____reason.Somegobecausetheirparentsecpectit,othersbecauseit’swhattheirfriendsaredoing.Then,there’sthebeliefthatacollegedegreewill(27)____ensureagoodjobandhighpay.Somestudents(28)____throughforyears,attendingclasses,orskipping(逃课)themasthecasemaybe,readingonlywhatcan’tbeavoided,lookingforless(29)_____courses,andneverbeingtouchedorchangedinanyimportantway.Forafewofthesepeople,collegeprovidesno(30)____，yetbecauseofparentalorpeerpressure,theycannotvoluntarilyleave.Theystoptryinginthehopethattheirteacherswillmakethedecisionforthemby(31)____them.Toputitbluntly(直截了当地)，unlessyou’rewillingtomakeyourcollegeyearscount,youmightbe(32)_____doingsomethingelse.Noteveryoneshouldattendcollege,norshouldeveryonewhodoesattendbeginrightafterhighschool.Manycollegestudents(33)_____takingayearorsooff.Ayearoutintheworldhelpssomepeopleto(34)_____theirprioritiesandgoals.Ifyou’rereallygoingtogetsomethingoutofgoingtocollege,youhavetomakeitmeansomething,andtodothatyoumusthavesomeideawhyyou’rethere,whatyouhopetogetoutofit,and(35)_____evenwhatyouhopetobecome.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirection:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollwingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingchoices.Eachchoieinthebankisidentificatedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswereSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Question36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’sourguiltypleasure:WatchingTVisthemostcommoneverydayactivity,afterworkandsleep,inmanypartsoftheworld.AmericansviewfivehoursofTVeachday,andwhileweknowthatspendingsomuchtimesitting___36___canleadtoobesity(肥胖症)andotherdiseases,researchershavenowquantifiedjusthow___37___beingacouchpotatocanbe.Inananalysisofdatafromeightlarge___38___publishedstudies,aHarvard-ledgroupreportedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationthatforeverytwohoursperdayspentchannel___39___,theriskofdevelopingType2diabetes(糖尿病)rose20%over8.5years,theriskofheartdiseaseincreased15%overa___40___,andtheoddsofdyingpermaturely___41___13%duringaseven-yearfollow-up.Allofthese___42____arelinkedtoalackofphysicalexercise.Butcomparedwithothersedentary(久坐的)activities,likeknitting,viewingTVmaybeespecially__43___atpromotingunhealthyhabits.Forone,thesheernumberofhourswepasswatchingTVdwarfsthetimewespendonanythingelse.Andotherstudieshavefoundthatwatchingadsforbeerandpopcornmaymakeyoumorelikelyto___44___them.Evenso,theauthorsadmitthattheydidn’tcomparedifferentsedentaryactivitiesto___45___whetherTVwatchingwaslinkedtoagreaterriskofdiabetes,heartdiseaseorclearlydeathcomparedwith,say,reading.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)climbedI)previouslyB)consemeJ)resumeC)decadeK)sufferedD)determineL)sufferingE)effectIveM)termF)harmfulN)terminalsG)outcomesO)twistingH)passivelySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattavchedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2Essay-grandingSoftwareOfficersProfessorsaBreak[A]Imaginetakingacollegeexam,andinsteadofhandinginabluebookandgettingagradefromaprofessoerafewweekslater,clickingthe“send”buttonwhenyouaredoneandreceivingagradebackinstantly,youressayscoredbyasoftwareprogram.Andthen,insteadofbeingdonewiththeexam,imaginethatthesystemwouldimmediatelyletyourewritethetesttotrytoimproveyourgrade.[B]Edx,thenonprofitenterprisefoundedbyHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofThnology(MIT)tooffercoursesontheInternet,hasjustintroducedsuchasystemandwillmakeitsautomated(自动的)softwareavailablefreeontheWebtoanyinstitutioonsthatwantstouseit.Thesoftwareusesartificialintelligencetogradestudentessaysandshortwrittenanswers,freeingprofessorsforothertasks.[C]Thenewservicewillbringtheeducationalconsortium(联盟)intoagrowingconflictovertheroleoftheautomationeducation.Altoughautomatedgradingsystemsformultiple-choiceandtrue-falsetestsarenowwidespread,theuseofartificialintelligencetechnologytogradeessayanswershasnotyetprovidedwidespreadacceptancebyeducationsandhasmanycritics.[D]AnantAgarwal,anelectricalengineerwhoispresidentofEdx,predictedthattheinstantgradingsoftwarewouldbeausefulteachingtool,enablingstudentstotaketestsandwriteessaysoverandoverandimprovethequalityoftheiranswers.Hesaidthetechnologywouldofferdistinctadvantagesoverthetraditionalclassroomsystem,wherestudentsoftenwaitdaysorweeksforgrades.“Thersisahugevalueinlearningwithinstantfeedback,”Dr.Agarwalsaid,“Studentsaretellingustheylearnmuchbetterwithinstantfeedback.”[E]Butskeptics(怀疑者)saytheautomatedsystemisnomatterforliveteachers.Onelongtimecritic,LesPerelman，hasdrawnnationalattentionseveraltimesforputtingtogethernonsenseessaysthathavefooledsoftwaregradingprogramsintogivinghighmarks.Hehasalsobeenhighlycriticalofstudiesclaimingthatthesoftwarecompareswelltohumangrades.[F]Heisamongagroupofeducatorswholastmonthbegancirculatingapetition(呼吁)opposingautomatedassessmentsoftware.Thegroup,whichcallsitselfProfessionalsAgainstMachineScoringofStudentEssaysinHigh-StakesAssessment,hascollectednearly2,000signatures,includingsomefromfamouspeoplelikeNoamChomsky.[G]“Let’sfacetherealitiesofautomaticessayscoring,”thegroup’sstatementreadsinpart.“Computerscannot‘read’.Theycannotmeasuretheessentialsofeffectivewrittencommunication:accuracy,reasoning,adequacyofevidence,goodsense,ethical(伦理)position,convincingargument,meaningfulorganization,andclarity,amongothers.”[H]ButEdXexpertsitssoftwaretobewidelybyschoolsanduniversities.ItoffersfreeonlineclassesfromHarvard,MITandtheUniversityofCalifornia-Berkeley;thisfall,itwilladdclassesfromWellesley,GeogetownandtheUniversityofTexas.Inall,12universitiesparticipateinEdX,whichofferscertificatesforcoursecompletionandhassaidthatitplanstocontinuetoexpandnextyear,includingaddinginternationalschools.[I]TheEdXassessmenttoolrequireshumanteachers,orgraders100essayoressayquestions.Thesystemthenusesavarietyofmachine-learningtechniquestotrainitselftobeabletogradeanynumberofessaysoranswersautomaticallyandalmostinstantly.Thesoftwarewillassignagradedependingonthescoringsystemcreatedbytheteacher,whetheritisalettergradeornumerical(数字的)rank.[J]Edxisnotthefirsttousetheautomatedassessmenttechnology,whichdatestoearlycomputersinthe1960s.thereisnowarangeofcompaniesofferingcommercialprogramstogradewrittentestanswers,andfourstates—Louisiana,NorthDakota,UtahandWestVirginia—areusingsomeformofthetechnologyinsecondschools.Afifth,Indiana,hasexperimentedwithit.Insomecasesthesoftwareisusedasa“secondreader”,tocheckthereliabilityofthehumangraders.[K]ButthegrowinginfluenceoftheEdxconsortiumtosetstandardsislikelytogivethetechnologyaboost.OnTuesday,StanfordannouncedthatitwouldworkwithEdXtodevelopajointeducationalsystemthatwillmakeuseoftheautomatedassessmenttechnology.[L]Twostart-ups,CourseraandUdacity,recentlyfoundedbyStanfordfacultymemberstocreate“massiveopenonlinecourses,”orMOOCs,arealsocommittedtoautomatedassessmentsystemsbecauseofthevalueofinstantfeedback.“itallowsstudentstogetimmediatefeedbackontheirwork,sothatlearningturnsintoagame,withstudentsnaturallygravitating(吸引)towardresubmittingtheworkuntiltheygetitright,”saidDaphneKoller,acomputerscientistandafounderofCoursera.[M]LastyeartheHewlettFoundation,agrant-makingorganizationsetupbyoneoftheHewlett-Packardfoundersandhiswife,sponsoredtwo$100,000Prizesaimedatimprovingsoftwarethatgradesessayandshortanswers.Morethan150teamsenteredeachcategory.AwinnerofoneoftheHewlettcontents,VikParuchurtwashiredbyEdXtohelpdesignitsassessmentsoftware.[N]“Oneofourfocusistohelpkidslearnhowtothinkcritically,”saidVuchic,aprogramofficerattheHewlettFoundation.“It’sprobablyimpossibletodothatwithmultiple-choicetests”.Thechallengeisthatthisrequireshumangraders,andsotheycostalotmoreandtheytakealotofmoretime.[O]MarkD.Shermis,aprofessorattheUniversityofAkroninOhio,supervisedtheHewlettFoundation’scontestonautomatedessayscoringandwroteapaperabouttheexperiment.Inhisview,thetechnology—thoughimperfect—hasaplaceineducationalsettings.[P]Withincreasinglargeclass,itisimpossibleformostteacherstogivestudentsmeaningfulfeedbackonwritingassignments,hesaidPlus,henoted,criticsofthetechnologyhavetendedtocomefromthenation’sbestuniversities,wherethelevelofteachingismuchbetterthanatmostschools.[Q]“Oftentheycomefromveryfamousinstitutionswhere,infact,theydoamuchbetterjobofprovidingfeedbackthanamachineovercould,”Dr.Shermissaid.“Thereseemstobealackofappreciationofwhatisactuallygoingonintherealworld.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46Someprofessorsineducationarecollectingsignaturestovoicetheiroppositiontoautomatedessaygrading.47usingsoftwaretogradestudents’essaysavesteacherstimeforotherwork.48theHewlettcontestsaimatimprovingessaygradingsoftware.49Thoughtheautomatedgradingsystemiswidelyusedinmultiple-choicetests,automatedessaygradingisstillcriticizedbymanyeducators.50Somepeopledon’tbelievethesoftwaregradingsystemcandoasgoodajobashumangraders.51Criticsofautomatedessayscoringdonotseemtoknowthetruerealitiesinlesesfamousuniversity.52Criticsarguemanyimportantaspectsofeffectivewritingcannotmeasuredbycomputerratingprograms.53Asclasssizegrows,mostteachersareunabletogivestudentvaluablecommentsastohowtoimprovetheirwriting.54Theautomatedassessmenttechnologyissometimesusedtodoublechecktheworkofhumangraders.55Studentsfindinstantfeedbackhelpstheirlearningconsiderably.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestion56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educationwelloffandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacingasastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.Thateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity.Donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56、whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?A.youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderlyB.well-educatedpeopletendtoworklongerC.unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryearD.peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork57、whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandpoor?A.LongerlifeexpectanciesB.ProfoundchangesintheworkforceC.rapidtechnologicaladvance.D.Agrowingnumberofwell-graduated.58、whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.C.MorepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducationD.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.59、WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.B.morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.60、Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.B.Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.C.Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.PassageTwoQuestions61-65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Someoftheworld’smostsignificantproblemsneverhitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld’smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:rice,wheatcornandsoybeans(大豆).Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattoodplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld’smostpopulous(人口多的)countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoyabeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat“wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoff