专题41选择性必修四各单元语法点总结-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识基本能力双清（译林版2020）

专题41选择性必修四各单元语法点总结-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(译林版2020)选择性必修四Unitl语法：状语从句复习1时间状语从句(I)时间状语从句常由when、while>as、before>after、until/till>bythetime等引导。如：Whenwelookattheflag,wethinkofthecountry'shistoryandculture.⑵有些名词短语(如themomentstheminuteeverytime)或副词(如immediatelydirectly)也可以引导时间状语从句。如：ThemomentIheardthenews,Ihurriedtothespot.TheminuteIenteredthewrongclassroom,Ifeltembarrassed.Everytimethegirlseesme,shegreetsmewithasweetsmile.Tomcameupimmediatelyhesawme.2地点状语从句地点状语从句常由wherewherever等引导。如:Standwhereyouare,andIwillcometohelpyou.IwillgowhereverIamneeded.3原因状语从句原因状语从句常由becauseas、since>now(that)等引导。如:Sinceyouaretired,youcanhavearest.Nowthatweareallhere,let'sbeginourwork.4目的状语从句目的状语从句常由sothat或inorderthat引导，从句中常含有may、might、can、could等情态动词。如:MymotherturnedofftheTVsothatIcouldbetterconcentrateonmystudies.5结果状语从句结果状语从句常由sothat引导。在so/such...that...结构中，that也可引导结果状98语从句。如：Hespokeatthetopofhisvoice,sothatthoseatthebackofthehallheardhim.Lighttravelssofastthatitishardforustoimagineitsspeed.Itwassuchacoldday(hatwestayedhome.6条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句常由if、unless、so/aslongas等引导。如：They,llhaverespectfbryouaslongasyouplayfair.(2)有时supposing(that)>providing/provided(that)也可引导条件状语从句。如:Supposingyouhadmoremoneythatyoucoulduse,howwouldyouspendit?Wemaygotothepartyprovidedthatitdoesnotrain.7让步状语从句(I)让步状语从句常由althoughnthough、while、evenifseventhoughtwhether...or...、nomatterwho/what/where等引导。如:Welostthegamealthoughwetriedourbest.Nomatterwhatyoudo,doitwell.as也可以引导让步状语从句，常用于倒装句型。如：Youngasheis,heknowsalot.8方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as、asif^asthough等引导。如：WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Hebehavedasifhehadknownnothingaboutit.9比较状语从句比较状语从句常由as或than引导。如：Heworksashardashisbrotherdoes.Don'ttakeonmoreworkthanyoucanhandle.选择性必修四Unit2语法：定语从句复习定语从句有两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对先行项进行限定或修饰，由关系代词或关系副词引导。主句和从句不用逗号隔开。(1)关系代词在从句中通常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词在从句中通常用作状语。如：Mikeisoneofthosewholovenature.Canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?⑵当先行项是way且在从句中表示“以……的方式”时，常由inwhich或that引导定语从句，引导词也可以省略。如：Iliketheway(inwhich/that)yousmile.(3)由关系代词whose引导的定语从句，其先行项可以指人，也可以指物，whose在从句中充当定语。如：Ihaveagoodfriendwhosemotherisanurse.Edliketoliveinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.(4)关系副词when、where、why有时可以用“介词+关系代词”替换。如：Theyfixedadatewhen/onwhichtheywouldmeetagain.willvisitthemuseumwhere/inwhichnewrobotsareexhibited.Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/fbrwhichyouwerelateforschoolyesterday?2非限制性定语从句对先行项进行补充说明，由关系代词或关系副词引导。主句和从句用逗号隔开。(1)非限制性定语从句通常由which、who等关系代词或when、where等关系副词引导，一般不用that引导。如：Thisismyfavouritesong,whichIfirstheardtenyearsago.Let'sputoffourappointmentuntilnextMonday,whenwewillbeavailable.(2)which引导非限制性定语从句，对整个主句或部分内容进行补充说明。which可充当抽象名词的限定词。如：100Jennysaidshecouldfinishtheprojectwithintwoweeks,whichIdoubtverymuch.BettyspentoneyearinBeijing,duringwhichtimeshepickedupsomeChinese.(3)非限制性定语从句有时也可以由as引导，意为“正如”。由as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。如：Asanybodycansee,Nanjingisabeautifulcity.选择性必修四Unit3语法：名词性从句主语从句(TheSubjectClause)在“Ms...that…”的句型中，有时表示讲话者明确的建议或表示讲话者“惊讶、惶恐”的语气时，that从句里要用“(should)do”的动词形式。如:1(isnecessarythatwe(should)readEnglisheveryday.It'ssurprisingthatthegirl(should)marrysoearly.1(issuggestedthattheroad(should)berepairedalonce.It'siinportant(animportantthing)thatweshouldreadEnglisheveryday.Ifs...doing…的动名词作主语的结构。It'snousearguingwithhim.Heisalwaysstubborn.这种It's...doing…的动名词作主语的结构常用在“It'snouse(useful,useless)/nogood/awasteoftimedoing…”的具体句型中。如例句。It'stime(that)sbdid/shoulddosth.如：Itstimethatyouwcnt(shouldgo)tobednow.这个句型是虚拟语气的句式之一，其中动词一般用过去式;也可用shoulddo,这个should不省略。Itissaid/rcportcd/thought/hopcd/suggcstcdthat...的句型，意思为：有人说/据报道/有人认为/有人希望/有人建议……ItissaidthatNantongisabeautifulcity.=Nantongissaidtobeabeautifulcity.对比：Ilissaidthatthebankwasrobbedyesterday.=Thebankissaidtohavebeenrobbedyesterday.在sb/sthissaidtodo...的结构中，todo的动作发生在issaid之前,这个todo就要用完成式。宾语从句(TheObjectClause)WorldAIDSDayisalsoimportantinremindingusthatHIVhasnotgoneaway,andthattherearemanythingsstilltobedone.(注意：该句中的第二个引导宾语从句的that不能省略。)表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)连词asif常和look,seem,sound搭配,构成lookasif,seemasif,soundasif。asif引导的表语从句如果讲的是事实，就用陈述语气；反之，要用虚拟语气。Thedarkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasiftherewillbeabigstorm.Helookedasifhewereaspiritinthatfunnysuit.Helookedasifhehadfinishedhisworkinsuchashorttime.同位语从句（TheAppositiveClause）Weknowthefact（hatheisathief.（同位语从句）Hecollectedthefacts（hat/whichprovetheearthturnsaroundthesun.（定语从句）Thepolicemanhadtoworkouttheproblemhowhegotsomuchmoney.（同位语从句）It'stheproblemwhich/thatwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.（定语从句）Theywantedtoworkout（heproblemwhenhediditforher.（同位语力、句）Hewillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichhefirstcametoNantong.（定语从句）选择性必修四Unit4语法：复杂句分析1、简单句含有一个主谓结构的句子称为简单句。有时，简单句包含很多修饰语，这使句子变得很长。要准确理解句子，需要弄清句子的结构，找到主语和谓语。如：Mary,nonnalNashyRirl.talkedexcitedlyabouthertriptoChinaduringtheholidays.2、并列句并列句是指由并列连词连接的两个或更多的分句构成的句子，常见的并列连词有and、or、but等。要准确理解并列句，需要找到并列连词，弄清楚各分句之间的关系。如：Learningaforeignlanguagecanhelpyouunderstandaforeignculture,andnnders在〃市〃waforeignci山urecanhelpyoubettercommunicatewithpeoplefromadifferentbackground.TheInternetisconsideredbymanytobeaso