同等学历课件-第七讲完形填空

第七讲完形填空同等学历联考完形填空部分的考点相对分散，涉及语法与词汇的方方面面，以及考生的阅读理解能力，因此要较好地完成这个部分，考生需要全面提高自己的英语语言能力，包括扩大词汇量，比较同义词或近义词的差异，区别形近词或同根派生词的差异，掌握动词或形容词与介词/小品词的固定搭配与不同搭配的意思差别；掌握英语的语法规则，学会根据语境选择恰当的表达方式；尽量避免本族语的干扰；统筹兼顾上下文的意思与结构调整。Directions:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachnumberedblank,thereare4choicesmarkedA.B.CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Practice1Ourplanetislikeabigspaceship.Ouratmosphereacts

as

ashieldagainstharmfulradiationandspacedebris.

Gravityholdstheairandpeopleonthespaceship,so

that

everythingdoesn’tfloataway.Eachofusisanastronautandourspaceship,theearth,providesourfoodandwater.Thesunisourenergysourceandwithoutitwewouldnotbeabletosurvive.Likeeveryspaceship,theearthisaclosedsystem.Theonlythingwereceivefromtheoutsideisenergyfrom:thesun.everythingelsemustbeused

overandover

again.Weastronautsdon’tseemtorealizethatthisspaceshipisthe

onlyonewe’vegot.Weabuse

itsresourcesandwastetheenergythattheplantshavestoredfromthesun.Ifwedestroyourspaceship,wewilldestroyourselvesaswell.Maybeifwelookattheuniversewhichsurroundsus,wewillappreciateourownspaceshipmoreandtakebettercareofit.51.A.forB.withC.asD.like52.A.GraniteB.GravityC.GratitudeD.Grace53.A.unlessB.evenifC.incaseD.sothat54.A.sourceB.resourceC.originD.supply55.A.AsB.LikeC.WithD.Differentfrom56.A.onceB.neverC.sometimeD.overandover57.A.onlyB.bestC.sameD.biggest58.A.abuseB.utilizeC.adjustD.accumulate59.A.damageB.harmC.destroyD.mutilate60.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.more51．正确答案：C，要点：常识与习惯搭配。as（介词）+名词：意为“作为”,toactasashieldmeanstoplayaroleasashield,actlike：“像……一样”；actfor意为“代理”，actwith意为“谨慎行事”。52．正确答案：B，要点：形近词词义分辨。gravity是“地球引力”；granite“花岗岩”,gratitude“感激”,grace“优雅”。53．正确答案：D,要点：逻辑关系与语法结构—结果状语从句的表达式“everythingdoesn’tfloataway”,是“地球引力”的结果；Unless“条件从句”,evernif“让步从句”,incase“目的从句”。54．正确答案：A，要点：词义，“太阳能”来源于“太阳的能量”，source“来源”,resource“资源”,origin“起源”,supply“供给”。55．正确答案：B，要点：英汉差别，Like：介词或连词，意思都为“像……一样”；As：连词，从句，意为“像…一样”；介词解释为“作为”；differentfrom“与……不同”，意思不符；With介词，不可能引导条件状语。56．正确答案：D，要点：常识：除了太阳能外，地球上的一切都在周而复始地循环使用，overandoveragain“再三、反复”；onceagain“再一次”,sometime“有时”,never“从来不”不合文意。57．正确答案：A，要点：常识与固定搭配：“地球是迄今为止所知道的唯一能载人的行星”，在the____one结构中加入only，意为“唯一”。58．正确答案：A，要点：语法知识，and并列结构，应该是“顺加”，能与wastetheenergy“浪费能源”呈“顺加”关系的就只有abusetheresources“滥用地球资源”；utilize“利用”,adjust“调整”,accumulate“积累”均与文意不符。59．正确答案：C，要点：同义词辨析，四个选项都是动词，都有“损害”，“破坏”的意思，但完形填空中词语的选择常常要参考邻近的语义相关结构的表达，在这种“假设-结果”主从复合句中，为了强调从句与主句的动词通常相同，这是英语语句结构的规则之一。60．正确答案：C，要点：由于主句的谓语是并列结构，连词and之前用了比较级“…,wewillappreciateourownspaceshipmore”，因此其之后也应该用比较级；takegoodcareofsth/sb是惯用的搭配，形容词good的比较级是better.Practice2Besidesactiveforeignenterprisesanda

growingnumberofprivateemployers,aconsequentialnewdevelopmentwasthedevelopmentofemploymentinstate-ownedenterprises.Startedbysomereform-mindedQingofficials,theYangwupai,inthelatenineteenthcentury,sizablestate-ownedenterprisesdevelopedprimarily

forthepurposeof

enhancingChina’snationaldefense.Famousindustrialgiantsoftoday’sChinasuchastheshipyardsinShanghaiandheavyindustriesincitieslikeWuhan,Nanjing,andChongqingwerebuiltbytheQingortheRepublicgovernments.Someofthemlatebegantoabsorbconsiderableprivateinvestment.AfterWorldWarII,thistypeofstate-ownedemploymentbecameveryimportant.Laborinthoseenterprisesconsistedbasicallyoftwotiers:alargelymarket-orientedallocationofblue-collarandsomewhite-collarworkers,andamostlystateallocationofmostofthewhite-collarworkersincludingmanagerialandtechnicalpersonnel.Thelatterwasadistortedlabormarketthatfeaturedstrongnoneconomicalconsiderationsinallocatingandmanaginglabor.Personalandkinshipconnections,theso-called“petticoatinfluence”,andpoliticalfavoritismwerethenormforthistypeoflaborallocationpattern.Inaway,itwasmidwaybetweenarathercrudemarket-orientedlaborallocationpatternandthecenturies-old,warm,family-basedtraditionallaborallocationpattern.ItcoveredaverysmallbutimportantportionoftheChineselaborforce,andthus

deserves

ourattention.Later,itapparentlyprovidedthehistoricalprecedentfor

thePRCgovernmenttoallocateitsadministrativeandtechnicalcadres,evenitsentireindustriallaborforce,

as

stateemployees.51.A.growingB.growC.grownD.grew52.A.reform-mindB.reform-minded

C.reformed-mindD.reforming-mind53.A.inthepurposeofB.forthepurposeof

C.bythepurposeofD.withthepurposeof54.A.absorbB.meltC.receiveD.attain55.A.onBinC.ofD.as56.A.noneconomicalB.ineconomic

C.noneconomicD.ineconomical57.A.flavorB.flavoringC.favoredD.favoritism58.A.paysB.putsC.deservesD.devotes59.A.forB.toC.inD.on60.A.likeB.sameC.beingD.as51．正确答案：A，要点：动词形态的语法意义辨析，可以用作名词前置定语的只有现在分词与过去分词，而名词number需要的是含主动性质的定语符合条件的只有growing.52．正确答案：B，要点：合成形容词的构成“名词+过去分词”，只有B选项的结构符合条件。53．正确答案：B，要点：介词与名词的固定搭配，表示目的的只有“forthepurposeof”，in,by和with均与thepurposeof不搭配。54．正确答案：A，要点：近义词辨析，主语enterprises与宾语investments要求的谓语动词应该是absorb,“吸纳投资”；melt“融化”,receive“接收”,attain“获得”，与文意不符。55．正确答案：C，要点：动词与小品词的固定搭配，意为“由……组成”，只有of才相符；consistin可以搭配，但意为“在于”，与题意不符；on和as均不与之搭配。56．正确答案：C，要点：同源形容词的不同词义，economy可派生出两个形容词：economic(ofeconomics),与人类的经济活动相关，意为“经济的”；economical(makeaspeicalefforttoavoidwasteormisuseofmoney),意为“节俭、节约”；前缀+形容词—改变词的意义，但“前缀”是相对固定的，个体不能随意造词。57．正确答案：D，要点：形近词与同源派生词的意义差别，flavor“滋味”，flavoring“调味品”，均为形近词干扰项；favored“偏爱的”，favoritism“偏爱”为同源派生词，但词性不同，本题需要“名词”。58．正确答案：C，要点：deserve,devote,pay均可与attention搭配，但对主语有不同的要求，deserve要的是attention的受事，而devote和pay要的是施事；put通常不与attention搭配。59．正确答案：A，要点：谓语动词provide与介词的搭配，常见的两种形式：providesomethingforsomebody;providesomebodywithsomething，本题应该取前者。60．正确答案：D，要点：本题还是“作为”的意思，cardres“干部”和laborforce“劳动大军”都是stateemployees“国营职工”，表身份的。Practice3Olderfemalemanagersare51thatworkingunderthe52ofyoungerfemalemanagerscanbeparticularly53.Whileolderwomengenerallyhavelongacceptedthe54ofworkingforyoungermen,somearehavingdifficultycomingtogripswiththeideathatyoungerwomenareoccupyingmoreandmore55positions.Today,nearly1.5millionwomenundertheageofthirty-fiveholdmanagerialjobs,upfrom322,000intheearly1970s.Ontheonehand,this56signalsimprovementinthestatusofcareer-mindedwomen.Ontheother,itcanstifleprogressionandleadtodissatisfaction.Olderwomentendtobedeferential（恭敬的，恭顺的）withcoworkersandmaternalwithsupervisors.Such57caninfuriateyoungfemaleexecutivesandcan58stressfulworkingconditions.Conflictoftenarisesbecauseolderworkersfrequentlyfeelthattheywowhowthingsoughttobe59.theiradviceissoughtinsomecases,butmostofthetimetheyareperceivedasa60ofthe“problems”byyounger,career-orientedfemalemanagers.51.A.foundingB.findC.foundedD.finding52.A.superstarB.superpowerC.supervisionD.superman53.A.frustratingB.frustrationC.frustratesD.frustrate54.A.availabilityB.inevitabilityC.evadabilityD.instance55.A.managerialB.managerC.manageD.management56.A.taintB.tentC.trendD.tend57.A.behaveB.behaviorC.behalfD.belief58.A.causeB.motiveC.eD.result59.A.usedB.forgottenC.doneD.carried60.A.southB.sourceC.saucerD.sought51．正确答案：D，要点：识别find的过去时与found的原形，动词“找到”的四种时态形式：find,found,found,finding；动词“建立”的四种时态形式：found,founded,founded,founding；本题的句义需要“找到”的意思，语境要求“进行时态”。52．正确答案：C，要点：介词与名词搭配：underthesupervision“在……监督下”，符合文意，superstar“超级明星”,superpower“超级大国”,superman“超人”，均与文意不符。53．正确答案：A，要点：主语为动名词时，表语的通常陈述主语的性质，四个选项中只有A现在分词可表性质，B，为名词表抽象概念，C为动词的第三人称式，而D则是动词原形，二者均不可能在canbe之后出现。54．正确答案：B，要点：反义词选择与形近词干扰，语句需要意为“必然性”的词，avoidability“可避免性”,evadability“可躲避性”，instance“实例”，均与文意不符。55．正确答案：A，要点：同根派生词的不同词性，文意要求名词的前置修饰语，最佳选择为managerial；

manager名词，指人，“经理”,manage动词原形“经营，管理”,management概念名词，“管理”。56．正确答案：C，要点：形近音近词，上下文提示“年轻女性纷纷进入管理阶层”，形成趋势，语境需要名词做主语；taint“污点”,tent“帐蓬”,tend动词，“倾向于”，均与文意不符。57．正确答案：B，要点：形近词与派生词，根据语境需要主语，排除A，根据上文“年长女性与年轻女性之间的代沟”，排除C和D；behave动词，“举动”,behalf名词“利益”,belief名词“信任”。58．正确答案：A，要点：近义词辨析，根据语境需要及物动词，排除非动词的B和C，与不及物动词D；motive名词，“动机”,e名词，“结果”,result不及物动词，“结果”。59．正确答案：C，要点：释义参照下的词语搭配，中心词things表达模糊概念，需要与之搭配的动词也应表达模糊概念；选项A，B和D均为概念清晰的动词，used“使用”,forgotten“忘记”,carried“携带”。60．正确答案：B，要点：形近词辨析，四个选项中可被ofproblem限定的名词，只有source;sought“寻找”为seek的过去时或过去分词，词性不符，排除项；south“南方”,saucer“茶杯托”,释义与文意不符。Practice4Iamnotconvincedthatthisargumentisparticularlygoodnewsforelderswhomaybehopingtoenjoythetimeoftheirlives.Whatmaybegoodnewsisperhapsbestforgottenbythosewhoaretoilingonfromdaytoday,andgettingbyasbesttheycan.Causationisitselfanunsettlingmatterfortheunscienticmind.Whichwouldyouratherfeel:thatyourcancerhasbeengeneticallyprogrammed,inducedbystressorcausedbyviruses?Broughtaboutbyyourownfollyinsmokingcigarettes,asKirkwoodhimselfappearstotakeforgranted—broughtaboutcasuallyandspontaneouslythroughtheoperationofchance?Ifitisputbeforetheminthisway,mostpeoplewouldrathernotthinkaboutthematteratall.Kirkwoodtakesadifferentview,maintainingthatthemoreweknowabouttheageingprocess,themorewecan“exerciseagreaterdegreeofpersonalcontrol”.commonsensecertainlytellsusoldiestotakeiteasy,tocutdownabitonfoodandalcoholandstrenuousexercise,butweknowthisfromthefeelofourbodiesratherthanfromwhatwereadabouttheprogressofscience.51.A.hopB.hoppingC.hopingD.humming52.A.boilingB.toilingC.choppingD.cutting53.A.willB.shouldC.mayD.can54.A.unsettlingB.unbelievableC.unworkingD.understanding55.A.patternedB.framed

C.programmedD.planted56.A.toB.forC.upD.in57.A.ageB.agesC.agedD.ageing58.A.exerciseB.danceC.repeatD.run59.A.offB.downC.inD.up60.A.mindsB.partnersC.bodiesD.board51.正确答案:C,要点：时态与结构，定从主语为“人”，谓语为”maybe+v-ing+to不定式”结构要求谓语是表“意愿的动词”，才能后接不定式宾语;选项A为动词原形，被排除；选项B“跳跃”和D“嗡嗡叫”，均不合文意。52．正确答案：B，要点：主谓搭配，定从的主语为“人”，谓语动词之后没有宾语，要求不及物动词做谓语，toiling，不及物动词，意为“辛勤劳作”；boiling“煮沸”,可以是及物也可以是不及物，意思不符；chopping“剁碎”,cutting“切下”，均为及物动词，需要具体对象做宾语。53．正确答案：D，要点：助动词/情态动词的词义以及特定句式搭配，asbest(as)onecan,意为“尽人所能，把事办好”，在as…as…结构中通常只用can.54．正确答案：A，要点：相同“前缀+动词派生形容词”的词义辨析，unsettling“悬而未决的”,符合文意；unbelievable“难以置信的”,unworking“赋闲的”,understanding“理解的”，均不合文意。55．正确答案：C，要点：因果逻辑，programmed“编程的”,是内部组织病变，与“癌症基因”成因果关系；patterned“仿造的”,framed“加外框的”,planted“种植的”，均为外因，与“癌症基因”不成因果关系。56．正确答案：B，要点：动词短语的固定搭配，takeforgranted,意为“认为……理所当然”。57．正确答案：D，要点：aging“老化”的过程是个动态变化过程；介词之后的名词前置形容词，themore…themore…结构提示process需要动态的形容词，不管A与B选项的age是动词还是名词，在这个语境中均为排除项；C为过去分词，静态，排除项。58．正确答案：A，要点：动宾搭配，宾语为personalcontrol“自控能力”，exercise“行使，运用”,与“自控能力”可以搭配；dance“跳舞”,repeat“重复”,run“跑，发动（汽车）”均无搭配。59．正确答案：B，要点：动词与小品词搭配，意思辨析，cutdown“削减”,cutoff“切断”,cutin“插嘴”,cutup“切碎”根据下文的“食品”与“酒”，排除A，C和D。60．正确答案：C，要点：兼类词的释义，feel在该语句中是名词，需要一个后置介词短语，表限定关系，作为名词意为“感觉”，人的感觉通常与其机体相关，而不与minds相关,那是属于超越感觉的理性思维，人的commonsense是自我的感悟，与他人partners“伴侣”,board“董事会”关系不大，选项A，B和D均可排除。Practice5IwasreadingShirleyHazzard’snovel‘theTransitofVenus’.ThoughIhadadmiredherotherbooks,Ihadalwaysresistedthisone.Itstruckmeastoopuresomehow,tooheroic,largerorfinerthanlifeandthereforeunreal.ButnowIreaditwithanalmostindescribablepleasure.Thereweresentencesthatbroughttearsofgratificationtomyeyesandraisedthehairsonthenapeofmyneck.IwasinaBostonhospital,proppedtipinbedwithafeedingtubeinmyarmafterundergoingsurgeryforcancer.Itwasadoubleroomandmyroommate,whogrowledwhenhespokebecausehehadbothabrokenchinandadrughabitwassprayingtheairforthefourthorfifthtimethatdaywithperfume.Hehadatelevisionsetandaradiogoingatthesametime.Thediagnosisofmycasewasambiguous.WhenIaskedthedoctortheusualquestion–howmuchtimehaveIgot?—hehesitatedbeforeanswering.“Iwouldsay,”hesays,“thatyouhaveintheneighborhoodofyears.”51.A.dislikedB.ignoredC.haddislikedD.hadadmired52.A.strokeB.strikeC.struckD.striking53.A.indescribableB.describableC.detectableD.indetectable54.A.broughtlaughterB.broughttearsC.broughtpicturesD.broughtbooks55.A.raise