中考情态动词

教师姓名学生姓名教材版本深圳牛津版学科名称英语年级八年级上课时间2012-08-1814：00-16：00课题名称情态动词教学目标掌握情态动词教学重点情态动词教学过程备注Step1:复习形容词Step2:情态动词一.情态动词的定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。Wecanbethereontimetomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。MayIhaveyourname 我能知道你的名字吗Shallwebeginnow我们现在就开始吗Youmustobeytheschoolrules. 你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would).二.情态动词的位置情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看见你，过来吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。WhatcanIdoforyou你要什么Howdareyoutreatuslikethat!你怎么敢那样对待我们！三.情态动词的特点应情态动词无人称和数的变化应情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。应不能单独充当谓语。情态动词必须与一个实义动词一起构成复合谓语，并且这个实意动词要始终是动词原形。④个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。⑤变为疑问句时只需将情态动词提到主语的前面。Hecouldbeheresoon,他很快就来。Wecan'tcarrytheheavybox.我们搬不动那箱子。I'msorryIcan'thelpyou.对不起，我帮不上你。四.考点聚焦各地中考对情态动词的考查都有涉及，但是集中于can,must,may等词的用法，尤其是can,must,may表示推测和可能性的用法。而且可以看出考查越来越侧重根据语境，尤其是根据暗示词和暗示语来判断说话人的语气、态度，从而选择恰当的情态动词。二、易混点点拨和beabletocan只有现在时和过去时could。beableto有现在时、过去时和将来时。’t和maynotcan7t语气肯定，表示“不可能”。maynot语气不肯定，表示“可能不"。和havetomust表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”。haveto强调客观需要，意为“不得不”。7t和mustn'tcan't意为“不可能”，表示推测。mustn't意为“禁止、不许”，不表示推测。三、考点解读初中阶段必须掌握的情态动词：can,may,must,need,hadbetter,shall,will,should,would,could,might,haveto考点一：can,could的用法：can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。1,表示能力，意为“能、会”。—： youspeakJapanese—No,Ican,t.A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Should一Haveyouseenmyglassesfindthem.一Sorry.Ihaven,tseenthem.A.can,tB.shouldn,tC.won,tD.mustn't.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用在否定句、疑问句中。常见于对can’tbe的考查，意为“不可能”。—IsLucyknockingatthedoor—No.It beLucy.SheisinJapannow.A.needn,tB.mustC.can,t.以can开头的一般疑问句，表示许可或请求，此时可等于may.其肯定回答和否定回答分别用can和can,t。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。例如：Youcanusethispen.CanIborrowyourbook—CouldI...我可以……吗一Ofcourseyoucan.当然可以。一CouldIborrowyourdictionary-Ofcourseyou.A.canB.mustC.shouldD.will补充：can和beableto的区别can只有现在和过去时态(could)，表示习惯能力；beableto有各种时态，表示“一时”的能力，即经努力而做成了某事，强调结果。Marycanplaythepiano.Shehasbeenabletoplayitsinceshewas5.YesterdayIwasabletogethomebeforetheheavyrain.注意：在否定结构中，二者可以互换。^考—二：may/might的用法may/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。(may>might)表示否定的推测用maynot,意思是“或许不”Itmayraintomorrow.Shemaybeathome.-Whyisn,theinclass?■Hemaybesick.(生病的可能性较大)Hemightbesick.(生病的可能性较小)—IsMr.Browndrivinghere—I'mnotsure.Hecomebytrain.A.mayB.shallC.needD.must解析：答案为A。从暗示语I’mnotsure.判断说话人没有把握，must意为“一定”，有把握；need为“需要”，与题意不符。故选may，表示推测，意为“可能、也许”。IsSusangoingtothehometownbytrainIguesssheknowshelikesdrivinghernewcar.A.mustn,tB.can,tC.maynotJohncometoseeustonight,butheisn,tverysureyet.A.mayB.canC.hasto.表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+V例如：Mayyouhaveagoodtime.Mayyoubehappy!Mayyousucceed！.may/might表示建议或请求，但might比may?更客气.和can表示的请求相比，may更正式，can口语化。{Yes,youcan/may.No,youmustn,t/can'tJohn,youneedn,tdoyourworktoday,youdoittomorrowifyou,retired.A.mustB.mayC.can't解析：答案为B。锁定语境，由暗示语needn7tdo...today,可知“不必今天去做"。根据tomorrow得知可以“明天做”。may意为“可以"；must意为“必须”，语气太强硬；can,t意为“不能”，与题意不符。Ihaveyouname,pleaseYes,Smith.S-M-I-T-H.A.MustB.MayC.Will考点三：must的用法.表示责任、义务或一种强制性规定。意为“必须、应该"。否定形式mustn7t表示禁止，意为“不许”。YoumuststayhereuntilIcomebackYoumustn,tplaywithfire.Youmustn,tbelate.一Mum,canIgotothemoviestoday—Sure,butyou finishyourhomeworkfirst.A.canB.can,tC.mustD.needn't解析：答案为C。根据暗示词but,first看出说话人语气强硬。can意为“可以”，语气不够强硬；can't意为“不能”；needn,t意为“没有必要”，与题意不符。Youwashyourhandsbeforemeals.A.needB.mustC.canThetrafficstopwhenthelightsarered.A.mustB.mayC.can't2.表示推测，用于肯定句中。意为“一定”，可能性大。多见于对mustbe的考查。Thelightison,sohemustbeathomenow.一OurclasswontheEnglishspeakingcontest.一Congratulations!Youbeveryproudofit.A.canB.needC.wouldD.must解析：答案为D。根据句意“我们班赢得了英语演讲比赛”可知，一定很自豪（proud），must意为“一定”，表示推测的可能性大；canbe语气强硬些；need意为“需要”；would为委婉询问，不用于推测。3.以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答常用needn,t，表示"不需要、不必”,相当于don,thaveto。一MustIfinishmyhomeworknow我必须 吗一No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.不，你不必。一Yes,youmust.是的，你必须。一MustIreturnthemagazinetoyourightnow,Sandy一No,maykeepituntilnextWednesday.A.needn'tB.can'tC.mustD.may解析：答案为A。must的否定回答为needn,to注意：must和haveto的区别：must表示说话人的主观思想haveto"不得不，必须”，表示客观需要、客观条件只能如此。Youwillhavetocleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.Wemustrelyonourselves.我们必须依靠自己。Mybrotherwasbadlyill,soIcallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.Hesaidthatheworkhard.Wetrustourselves.Westayathomebecauseitisraining.考点四needneed表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn,t或don,thaveto。如:---Needhestartfromthebeginning---Yes,hemust.---No,heneedn't/doesn'thaveto.NeedIattendthemeetingtomorrow我需要明天参加会议吗Youneednothandinthepaperthisweek,这一周你不必交论文。Youreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepitforanotherweek.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can't补充：作实义动词的用法作为实义动词，need后面的宾语可以是名词、动名词、动词不定式或代词，这种情况下，need既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑问句，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do或does.needsth.这是need最常见的用法之一，其后的宾语可以是名词，也可以是代词。如：.Weneedagreatdealofmoneynow.我们需要和多钱。.Theydon,titanymore.他们不再需要它了。.Doesyourfatherneedanyhelp你爸爸需要帮助吗needdoing=needtobedoneneed后面可跟动名词作宾语，这种情况下应注意两点：①,主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；②,该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：.Thedoorneedspainting.=Thedoorneedstobepainted,那扇门需要油漆一下。.Yourcarneedsmending.=Yourcarneedstoberepaired.你的车需要维修了。needtodosth.作为实义动词，need后面需要接带to的动词不定式，表示有义务或责任去做某事。如：.Whatdoweneedtotakeforthepicnic野餐我们需要带些什么.Willweneedtoshowourpassports我们需要出示护照吗.Youneedtotakegoodcareofyourmother.你要好好照料你妈妈。knowwhatisreal.A.want/ B.needdoingC.needtoDidtheyityesterdayA.neededtodidB.neededtodo C.needtodoYoutroubleaboutthat.It'snoneofyourbusiness.need ’t ’ttothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.'tcome'tneedcome'ttocome考点五：hadbetter的用法.表建议，意为“最好做某事”。结构为hadbetter（not）+动词原形。Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.You'dbetterthewindowsopenwhenyouleavethehouse.A.notleaveB.leaveC.nottoleaveD.toleave解析：答案为A。首先根据hadbetterdo这一语法特征排除C和D。根据语境，要下雨了”，应不让窗户开着，所以用否定结构。考点五：shall,should的用法用于第一，三人称，表示征求意见、询问。ShallIopenthewindowforyou（征求意见）Shallhefetchsomewaterforyou（请求）Whataniceday!WegosurfingGoodidea!ShallB.MustC.Need在陈述句中,shall用于二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。YoushalldoasIsay.（命令）Nothingshallstopmedoingit.（决心）Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow. （允诺）should常表示劝告、建议、命令，意为“应该”。Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Schoolallowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.mightC.shouldD.could解析：答案为C。考查should表示“应该”的用法。would意为“请求”；might意为“可能”；could意为“能够”。根据句意“学校应该允许学生每天运动一小时”，所以选择should。Boys,youbesittinginthisroom.Itisforyourteachersonly.A.shouldn,tB.don,thavetoC.won,t考点六：will,would的用法.表示意志或意愿：决心，愿意，……好吗？Wewilldoourbesttosavethechild.我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。Itoldhertostopcrying,butshejustwouldn,tlisten,我叫她别哭，可她就是不愿听。注：表示请求、建议或征求对方意见时，用Wouldyou…比用Willyou…更婉转。如：Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen请让门开着好吗Will/Wouldyougowithme你愿意和我一起去吗.表示习惯：惯于，总是或者自然倾向。Oilwillfloatonwater.没总是浮在水面上。Shewilllistentomusicaloneinherroomforhours.他独自在房间里听音乐，一听往往就是几小时Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.他住在乡下时总是早起。.表示要求：一定，必须Youwillreporttomeafterward.你稍后一定要向我报告。.表示猜测：可能，大概Thiswillbethehouseyou,relookingfor,这大概就是你找的那所房子了。Ithinkhewouldaccepttheinvitation.我想他会接受邀请的。.表示功能：能Thisauditoriumwill/wouldseatonethousandpeople.这个礼堂能容纳一千人。—Pleasebringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow,Steven.—OK,I.A.willB.won'tC.doD.don't—Ben,wouldyouliketoplayfootballwithus—,butIhavetowashthedishesfirst.A.No,Ican,tB.Idon,twanttoC.Yes,pleaseD.I,dloveto补充：wouldlike表示愿意Iwouldliketohaveawordwithyou.我想同你说句话。Wouldyoulikeacupoftea请你喝杯茶好吗wouldrather...than…宁愿 也不愿 Iwouldratherfailthancheatintheexamination.我宁愿考不及格，也不愿意考试作弊。考点七：情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词（多考查can,mustshould的被动语态。）Attentions,please!Allthemobilephonesmustbeforethemeetingstarts.offB.beturnedoffC.beturningoff解析：答案为B。由主语mobilephones与动词turnoff的关系为被动关系，排除A。根据情态动词被动语态的结构must+be+过去分词，应选B。考点八：小结表推测must,can,could,may,might语气依次减弱。Must:用于肯定句有把握的推测，一定。Can：用于一般疑问句，否定句，会can't不可能的意思。Could比can较弱。May：用于肯定句，否定句没有把握的推测，可能；maynot可能不的意思。Might比may弱。Therestaurantbeverygood.Itisalwaysfullofpeople.A.mayB.canC.mustJohncometoseeustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mayB.canC.hastoClass3wonthefootballmatch!itbetrueA.MayB.MustC.CanTommyhasjusthadlunch.Hehungrynow.A.mustn'tbe B.can’tbeC.maynotbelightintheofficeisoff.Theteacherbetherenow.mayB.can’tC.mustn'tD.mustparentsboughthimalargehouse.Itbeveryexpensive.A.mustB.canC.mustn'tD.can'tshould,oughtto（按理应当）,would,willpR可能）等也可表示推测，语气都较肯定，且由左至右依次增强，但较must稍弱。Itisalready10o,clocknowtheyshouldbethere.关于表示推测的情态动词后面所接动词形式，有下列三种情况：若对此刻正在发生的事，接“be+现在分词”；若对现在或未来情况的推测，接动词原形；若对过去情况的推测，接“have+过去分词”。Practice—Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace—Sorry,Iamnotsure.Itbe.A.might????????????B.willC.must????????????????????????D.canYoumightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomersnotlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.must?????????B.shallC.may?????????????????????D.need—Isn,tthatAnn,shusbandoverthere—No,itbehim-I,msurehedoesn,twearglasses.A.can't??????????????B.mustnotC.won't???????????????????D.maynot4一WhencanIcomeforthephotosIneedthemtomorrowafternoon.-Theybereadyby12:00.A.can?????????????????B.shouldC.might????????????????????D.needIhavelostoneofmygloves.Isomewhere.A.mustdrop??B.musthavedropped?C.mustbedropping????????????D.musthavebeendropped—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyouYouwithBarbara.A.couldhavestayed?????B.couldstayC.wouldstay????????D.musthavestayed一Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.—Oh,hehavebeenaverysmartboythen.A.could???????B.shouldC.might???????????D.mustYoubetired—you,veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnot???????B.won,tC.can't?????????????????D.maynotIdidn'thearthephone.Iasleep.

A.mustbe?????B.musthavebeenC.shouldbe?????D.shouldhavebeen—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.Igototheconcertinstead.A.must?????????B.wouldC.should??????????D.mightMichaelbeapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.A.needn't????????B.can,tC.should????????????????????????????D.mayStep3:Practice.一MustIreturnthehooktomorrowmorning一No,you_.Youcankeepitlonger.A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.couldn't.一Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervacation?一Notyet.WegotoQingdao.Itisagoodplaceforvacation.A.mayB.shouldC.needD.must.一MustIbehomebeforeeighto'clock,Mum?—No,you.Butyouhavetocomebackbeforeteno'clock.A.needn't B.can't C.mustn't.一Iborrowyourhistorybook 一Sure.Hereyouare.A.Must B.May C.Need D.Will.一Let,sgodancingtonight.! 一Sorry,Ihavetogotomyguitarlesson.A.mustn,t B.needn,t C.can't.-Dad,canIgotothemoviestonight?D.mightD.mustn,t,goneC.can'tbeA.can't;muchtooB,can't;toomuch11.—D.mightD.mustn,t,goneC.can'tbeA.can't;muchtooB,can't;toomuch11.—wecleantheclassroomatonceC