2018年6月四级-08直播课讲义23阅读

长篇阅读（新题型思考试时间/值设置题型/ 2014- TheStreet-LevelTenantsinCommonresidencesallwantmoreroomfor nprovidesfirst-handproofthatthehomelessarenotwhattheywereoncebelievedtobe.monGround'sresidencesarewell-managedandbyandlargepeaceful.Housingthehomelessisonlythefirststeptosolvingalltheirproblems.Alargepercentofthechronicallyhomelesshavesufferedfrombraininjury.数字、特殊文字（数词名词（连字符词、引号词、概念词）固定动词搭配（动宾47.ArecentstudyfoundthatmostoldpeopleinsomeEuropeancountrieshadregularweeklycontactwiththeiradultchildren.(样题)K)Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.47.ArecentstudyfoundthatmostoldpeopleinsomeEuropeancountrieshadregularweeklycontactwiththeiradultchildren.(样题)K)Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.在文中会出现，但很可能进行偏抽象的名词（情况、事情常用动词、形容词、副词（work、词 、程度特别深的用与话题看似不相关的说法（意相近、形相远48.MoreAmericanwomenholdelitejobpositionsinbusinessthanSwedishwomen.(2014-6)B)…ThoughtheUnitedStateshasfewerwomenintheworkforce(68percentcomparedtoSweden‘s77percent),Americanwomenwhochoosetobeemployedarefarmorelikelytoworkfull-timeandtoholdhigh-leveljobsasmanagersorprofessionals.Theyalsoownmorebusinesses,launchmorestart-ups,andmoreoftenworkintraditionallymalefields.Asforbreakingthroughtheglassceilinginbusiness,Americanwomenarewellinthelead.48.MoreAmericanwomenholdelitejobpositionsinbusinessthanSwedishwomen.(2014-6)B)…ThoughtheUnitedStateshasfewerwomenintheworkforce(68percentcomparedtoSweden‘s77percent),Americanwomenwhochoosetobeemployedarefarmorelikelytoworkfull-timeandtoholdhigh-leveljobsasmanagersorprofessionals.Theyalsoownmorebusinesses,launchmorestart-ups,andmoreoftenworkintraditionallymalefields.Asforbreakingthroughtheglassceilinginbusiness,Americanwomenarewellinthelead.54.Thebestsolutiontothepensioncrisisistopostponetheretirementage.(样题)E)Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscalme own,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.…54.Thebestsolutiontothepensioncrisisistopostponetheretirementage.(样题)E)Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscalme own,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.… 段落“三部分首读最后 显性定位词优先，隐性定位词 49.Swedishfamily-friendlypoliciestendtoexertanegativeinfluenceon 49.Swedishfamily-friendlypoliciestendtoexertanegativeinfluenceon 49.Swedishfamily-friendlypoliciestendtoexertanegativeinfluenceon47.Onerecentchangeincollegeadmissionsisthatselectivecollegesanduniversitieshavemovedthetraditionaldeadlinetoearlierdates.47.Onerecentchangeincollegeadmissionsisthatselectivecollegesanduniversitieshavemovedthetraditionaldeadlinetoearlierdates. 、话题词、 Direction：Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethan 2015-6TheChangesFacingFastSomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren.Fast-foodfirmsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'sBestcoffeetoincreaseSomefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyare totackletheobesityproblem.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosaveManypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofDuringtherecession,BurgerKing'spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-priceditemsoftenprovedineffective.Fast-foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoneybysellingManyfast-foodcompaniesnowexpecttoincreasetheirrevenuebyintroducinghigher-priceditems.Anewly-passedlawasksbigfast-foodchainstospecifythecaloriecountofthattheyserveonthe 1Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.//Healthexpertsregularlycriticisethemseverelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald's,whoselogosymbolisescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.Thesearethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.2Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.1Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobal

SomepeopleproposeFast-foodfirmsmay…foodBurgerKing….coffeeSomefast-food…obesityrecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfood…eatoutlessDuringthepricedlaw1Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.//Healthexpertsregularlycriticisethemseverelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald's,whoselogosymbolisescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.Thesearethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.2Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.1Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobal

SomepeopleproposeFast-foodfirmsmay…foodBurgerKing….coffeeSomefast-food…obesityrecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfood…eatoutlessDuringthepricedlaw1Fastfoodwasoncethoughttobe consumersneedtocut thelogic eevenmoreattractive. muchofthelatestrecession,whenfast- whocouldnolongeraffordtoeat casualrestaurants.1TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$1sandcheapcombination

SomepeopleproposeBurgerKing….coffeeturnedtofastfood…eatoutlessDuringtheFast-food….sellingManyfast-food….higher-priced1Fastfoodwasoncethoughttobe consumersneedtocut thelogic eevenmoreattractive. muchofthelatestrecession,whenfast- whocouldnolongeraffordtoeat casualrestaurants.1TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$1sandcheapcombination

46.SomepeopleproposeBurgerKing….coffeeturnedtofastfood…eatoutlessDuringtheFast-food….sellingManyfast-food….higher-priced1Asaresult,fast-foodchainshaveweatheredtherecessionbetterthantheirmoreexpensive restaurantsinAmericafellbymorethan6%,2buttotalsales remainedaboutthesameatfast-foodchains.Insomemarkets,suchasJapan,FranceandBritain,totalspendingonfastfood world's

46.Somepeoplepropose…McDonald's…toysBurgerKing….coffeeSomefast-food…obesityeatoutlessDuring

downturn.1PaneraBread,anAmericanfast-foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,performedwell,too,becauseitoffershigher-qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants.

Fast-food….sellingManyfast-food….higher-priced1Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshave

46.Somepeopleproposeasfortunate.//Many,suchasBurgerKing,have…McDonald's…toysseensalesfall. asevererecession,somepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemore to

48.BurgerKing….coffee49.Somefast-food…money.1DavidPalmer, ystatUBS,asayssmallerfast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchJackintheBoxand Jr.,havebeenparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecause

eatoutlessDuringthe53.Fast-foodarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald's,53.Fast-food by….sellingmorethan7%lastyearasotherscut

Manyfast-food….higher-priced1Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshave

46.Somepeopleproposeasfortunate.//Many,suchasBurgerKing,have…McDonald's…toysseensalesfall. asevere somepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemore to

48.BurgerKing….coffee49.Somefast-food…money.1DavidPalmer, ystatUBS,asayssmallerfast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchJackintheBoxand Jr.,havebeenparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecause

eatoutlessDuringthe53.Fast-foodarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald's,53.Fast-food by….sellingmorethan7%lastyearasotherscut

Manyfast-food….higher-priced1Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbettervalue.//Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,ho thatoncetheyhad

46.SomepeopleproposeBurgerKing….coffeeSomefast-food…

wouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.2Butinmanycasesthatstrategydidnotwork.//LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees(特许经营人)sued()thecompanyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberequiredtosellthesefor$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavourofBurgerKing.1Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermoreexpensiveonesbecauseitemsonits"value "nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,upfrom12%lastOctober.

DuringtheFast-food….sellingManyfast-foodcompanies….higher-priced1Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbettervalue.//Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow, thatoncethey

46.SomepeopleproposeBurgerKing….coffeeSomefast-food…

wouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.2Butinmanycasesthatstrategydidnotwork.//LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees(特许经营人)sued()thecompanyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberequiredtosellthesefor$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavourofBurgerKing.1Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermoreexpensiveonesbecauseitemsonits"value "nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,upfrom12%lastOctober.

DuringtheFast-food….sellingManyfast-foodcompanies….higher-priced1ystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.//2Butthedownturnismakingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.Manyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice(引诱)consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!Brands,whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.1AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecue(烧烤)porkribsat$7foreight.

46.Somepeoplepropose…McDonald's…toys48.BurgerKing….coffee49.Somefast-food…obesityFast-foodManyfast-food….higher-pricedF)1ystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.//2Butthedownturnismakingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.3Manyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice(引诱)consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!Brands,whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHuthaslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.1AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecue(烧烤)porkribsat$7foreight.

46.Somepeoplepropose…McDonald's…toys48.BurgerKing….coffee49.Somefast-food…obesityFast-foodManyfast-food….higher-priced1ystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.//2Butthedownturnismakingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.3Manyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice(引诱)consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!Brands,whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHuthaslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.1AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecue(烧烤)porkribsat$7foreight.

Somepeoplepropose…McDonald's…toysBurgerKing….coffeeSomefast-food…obesityFast-foodManyfast-food….higher-priced1Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.//McDonald'sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"McCafé"linenowaccountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.1StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'sBestcoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.

SomepeopleproposeBurgerKing….coffee53.Fast-food1Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.//McDonald'sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"McCafé"linenowaccountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.1StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'sBestcoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.

46.Somepeoplepropose48.BurgerKing….coffee49.Somefast-food…obesity53.Fast-food1Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"supersize"to"morebuys",theyneedtokeepcustomertraffichighthroughoutthe//2Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,andnotjustforfattyfood.McDonald'swillstartsellingporridge(粥)inAmericanextyear.Breakfasthasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,saysSaraSenatoreofBernstein,aresearchfirm,becausethemarginscanbehigh.Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps.1Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthe ,"wecanselltoconsumersproductstheywantallday,"saysRickCarucci,thechieffinancialofficerofYum!Brands.

46.Somepeoplepropose49.Somefast-food…obesity53.Fast-foodH)1Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"supersize"to"morebuys",theyneedtokeepcustomertraffichighthroughoutthe//2Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,andnotjustforfattyfood.McDonald'swillstartsellingporridge(粥)inAmericanextyear.Breakfasthasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,saysSaraSenatoreofBernstein,aresearchfirm,becausethemarginscanbehigh.Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps.1Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthe ,"wecanselltoconsumersproductstheywantallday,"saysRickCarucci,thechieffinancialofficerofYum!Brands.

46.Somepeoplepropose49.Somefast-food…obesity53.Fast-foodI)1Butwhataboutthosegrowing//Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoided options,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionof somethingabouthel tofightobesity(肥胖症).Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon'twanttoeataburger. 1Butcustomerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.

46.Somepeoplepropose49.Somefast-food…obesityI)1Butwhataboutthosegrowing//Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoided options,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionof somethingabouthel tofightobesity(肥胖症).Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon'twanttoeataburger. 1Butcustomerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.

46.Somepeoplepropose49.Somefast-food…obesityJ)1Inthefuture,simplyofferingahealthyoptionmaynotbegoodenough.//2"Everypackaged-foodandrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,"saysMr.PalmerofUBS.America'shealth-reformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20ormoreoutletstoputthecalorie-contentofitemstheyserveon.1AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie-postinglawinNewYorkCityin2007,foundthattheaveragecalorie-countpertransactionfell6%andrevenueincreased3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunkinDonutsoutletwasnearby—asign,itissaid, -labellingcouldfavourchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.

46.Somepeoplepropose1Inthefuture,simplyofferingahealthyoptionmaynotbegoodenough.//2"Everypackaged-foodandrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,"saysMr.PalmerofUBS.America'shealth-reformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20ormoreoutletstoputthecalorie-contentofitemstheyserveon.1AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie-postinglawinNewYorkCityin2007,foundthattheaveragecalorie-countpertransactionfell6%andrevenueincreased3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunkinDonutsoutletwasnearby—asign,itissaid, -labellingcouldfavourchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.

46.Somepeoplepropose1InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhavetocontinueinnovating(创新).//2WaltRikerofMcDonald'sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinits meansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."Weprobablysellmorevegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesays.1ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'sfromincludingtoysinitshigh-calorie"HappyMeals",

46.Somepeoplepropose…McDonald's childrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.K)1InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhavetocontinueinnovating(创新).//2WaltRikerofMcDonald'sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinits meansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."Weprobablysellmorevegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"hesays.1ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'sfromincludingtoysinitshigh-calorie"HappyMeals",

46.Somepeoplepropose…McDonald's childrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.写作

阅读

翻译选词填空长篇阅读仔细阅读 四级考 Theauthorattendedtheconference, tofindsomeguidingforparentingintheelectronicAmericanparentsare ingmoredoubtfulaboutthebenefitstechnologyissaidtobringtotheirchildren.Someexpertsbelievethathuman ligencedevelopsbytheuseofTheauthorfoundaformerMontessoriteacherexercisingstrictcontroloverherkids’screentime.Researchshowsinteractionwithpeopleiskeytobabies’brainSofartherehasbeennoscientificproofoftheeducationalbenefitsofAmericanparentsworrythatoveruseoftabletswillcreateproblemswiththeir alTheauthorexpecteddevelopersofchildren’sappstospecifythebenefitsofthenewtechnology.ThekidsatthegatheringweremorefascinatedbytheiPadsthanbytheTheauthorpermitsherchildrentousethescreenforatmosthalfanhouraA）1Onachillydaylastspringafewdozendevelopersofchildren’sapps（应用程序）forphonesand（平板电脑）gatheredatanoldbeachresortinMonterey,California,toshowofftheirgames.//ThegatheringwasorganizedbyWarrenBuckleitner,alongtimereviewerofinteractivechildren’smedia.Buckleitnerspentthebreakstestingwhetherhisownremote-controlhelicoptercouldreachthehall’ssecondstory,2whilevariouschildrenwhohadcomewiththeirparentslookedupinawe（敬畏）anddelight.2Butmostlytheylookeddown,attheiPadsandothertabletsdisplayedaroundthehalllikesomanyopenboxesofcandy.1Iwalkedaroundandtalkedwithdevelopers,andseveralquotedafamoussayingofMariaMontessori’s,

attendedtheconference...guidingprinciples...doubtful...technology...totheirexperts...human bytheuseofformerteacher...strictcontrol...kids’screentime.babies’braindevelopment.noscientificproof...benefitsworrythatoveruse aldevelopers...specifythe“Thehandsaretheinstrumentsofman’s morefascinatedbythe55.usethescreen55.usethescreenforatmost1Onachillydaylastspringafewdozendevelopersofchildren’sapps（应用程序）forphonesand（平板电脑）gatheredatanoldbeachresortinMonterey,California,toshowofftheirgames.//ThegatheringwasorganizedbyWarrenBuckleitner,alongtimereviewerofinteractivechildren’smedia.Buckleitnerspentthebreakstestingwhetherhisownremote-controlhelicoptercouldreachthehall’ssecondstory,2whilevariouschildrenwhohadcomewiththeirparentslookedupinawe（敬畏）anddelight.2Butmostlytheylookeddown,attheiPadsandothertabletsdisplayedaroundthehalllikesomanyopenboxesofcandy.1Iwalkedaroundandtalkedwithdevelopers,andseveralquotedafamoussayingofMariaMontessori’s,

attendedtheconference...guidingprinciples...doubtful...technology...totheirexperts...human bytheuseofformerteacher...strictcontrol...kids’screentime.babies’braindevelopment.noscientificproof...benefitsworrythatoveruse aldevelopers...specifythe“Thehandsaretheinstrumentsofman’s morefascinatedbythe55.usethescreen55.usethescreenforatmost1What,really,wouldMariaMontessorihavemadeofthisscene?//The30orsochildrenherewerenotdownattheshorepoking（戳）theirfingersinthesandorrunningthemalongstonesorpicking s.1Insteadtheywereallinside,aloneoringroupsoftwoorthree,theirfacesafewinchesfromascreen,theirhands notimagine.

attendedtheconference...guidingprinciples...doubtful...technology...totheirexperts...human bytheuseofformerteacher...strictcontrol...kids’eractionwithpeople...babies’blems... alrelationships.developers...specify55.usethescreenfor55.usethescreenforatmost1In2011, theAmericanAcademyofPediatricsupdateditspolicyonveryyoungchildrenandmedia.// viewingforchildrenyoungerthan2citingresearchonbraindevelopmentthatshowedthisagegroup’scriticalneedfor“directinteractionswithparentsandothersignificantcaregivers.Theupdatedreportbeganbyacknowledgingthatthingshadchangedsignificantlysincethen.In2006,90%ofparentssaidthattheirchildrenyoungerthan2consumedsomeformofelectronicmedia.Nevertheless,thegrouptooklargelythesameapproachitdidin1999,uniformlydiscouragingpassivemediause,onanytypeofscreen,forthesekids.（Forolderchildren,theacademynoted,“high-qualityprograms”couldhave“educationalbenefits.”）The2011reportmentioned“smartcellphoneand“newscreentechnologies,butdidnotaddressinteractiveapps.1Nordiditbringupthepossibilitythathaslikelyoccurredtothose90%ofAmericanparentsthatsomegoodmightcomefromthoselittleswi （在电子产品上刷）fingers.

attendedtheconference...guidingprinciples...doubtful...technology...totheirexperts...human bytheuseofformerteacher...strictcontrol...kids’eractionwithpeople...babies’blems... alrelationships.developers...specifymorefascinatedbytheiPadsthanbythehelicopter.usethescreenforatmost1In2011, theAmericanAcademyofPediatricsupdateditspolicyonveryyoungchildrenandmedia.// viewingforchildrenyoungerthan2citingresearchonbraindevelopmentthatshowedthisagegroup’scriticalneedfor“directinteractionswithparentsandothersignificantcaregivers.Theupdatedreportbeganbyacknowledgingthatthingshadchangedsignificantlysincethen.In2006,90%ofparentssaidthattheirchildrenyoungerthan2consumedsomeformofelectronicmedia.Nevertheless,thegrouptooklargelythesameapproachitdidin1999,uniformlydiscouragingpassivemediause,onanytypeofscreen,forthesekids.（Forolderchildren,theacademynoted,“high-qualityprograms”couldhave“educationalbenefits.”）The2011reportmentioned“smartcellphoneand“newscreentechnologies,butdidnotaddressinteractiveapps.1Nordiditbringupthepossibilitythathaslikelyoccurredtothose90%ofAmericanparentsthatsomegoodmightcomefromthoselittleswi （在电子产品上刷）fingers.

attendedtheconference...guidingprinciples...doubtful...technology...totheirexperts...human bytheuseofformerteacher...strictcontrol...kids’eractionwithpeople...babies’blems... alrelationships.developers...specifymorefascinatedbytheiPadsthanbythehelicopter.usethescreenforatmost1Ihadcometothedevelopers’conferencepartlybecauseIhopedthatthisparticularsetofparents,enthusiasticastheywereaboutinteractivemedia,mighthelpmeoutofthisproblem,thattheymightoffersomeguidingprincipleforAmericanparentswhoareclearlynevergoingtomeettheacademy’sideals,andatsomeleveldonotwantto.//1Perhapsthisgroupwouldbeabletoexpressclearlysomebenefitsofthenewtechnologythatthemorecautiousdoctorsweren’treadytoaddress.

attendedtheconference...guidingprinciples...doubtful...technology...totheirexperts...human bytheuseofformerteacher...strictcontrol...kids’eractionwithpeople...babies’braindevelopment.noscientificproof...benefitsworrythatoveruse aldevelopers...specifythe55.usethescreenfor55.usethescreenforatmost1Ihadcometothedevelopers’conferencepartlybecauseIhopedthatthisparticularsetofparents,enthusiasticastheywereaboutinteractivemedia,mighthelpmeoutofthisproblem,thattheymightoffersomeguidingprincipleforAmericanparentswhoareclearlynevergoingtomeettheacademy’sideals,andatsomeleveldonotwantto.//1Perhapsthisgroupwouldbeabletoexpressclearlysomebenefitsofthenewtechnologythatthemorecautiousdoctorsweren’treadytoaddress.

attendedtheconference...guidingprinciples...doubtful...technology...totheirexperts...human bytheuseofformerteacher...strictcontrol...kids’eractionwithpeople...babies’braindevelopment.noscientificproof...benefitsworrythatoveruse aldevelopers...specifythe55.usethescreenfor55.usethescreenforatmost1IfellintoconversationwithawomanwhohadhelpeddevelopMontessoriLetterSounds,anappthatteachespreschoolerstheMontessorimethodsofspelling.//ShewasaformerMontessoriteacherandamotheroffour.Imyselfhavethreechildrenwhoareallfansofthetouchscreen.Whatgamesdidherkidsliketoplay,Iasked,ho forsuggestionsIcouldtakehome.“Theydon’tplayallthatmuch.”Really?Whynot?“BecauseIdon’tallowit.Wehavearuleofnoscreentimeduringtheweek,unlessit’sclearlyeducational.”Noscreentime?Noneatall?Thatseemsattheouteredgeofrestrictive,evenbythestandardsofovercontrollingparents.1“Ontheweekends,theycanplay.Igivethemalimitofhalfanhourandthenstop.

attendedtheconference...guidingprinciples...doubtful...technology...totheirexperts...h