上海国际学校八年级英语测试卷

PartOne:Reading(2'X32=64')Suggestedtime:60minutesDirection:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralmultiplechoicequestions.AnswerallthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.Passage1Questions1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.HeadofResearchSalary:£55.271WearelookingforaHeadofResearchtomanagetheCWUResearchDepartmentandInformationCenter.Youwouldberequiredtoexercisecontrolofallresearchworkofthedepartmentandmanageateamofthreeresearchersandfoursupportstaff.ThepersonappointedwouldbeexpectedtocarryoutresearchworkofastrategicnatureacrosstherangeofbusinessesinwhichtheCWUhasorseeksmembershipandtocontributetothestrategicthinkinganddirectionoftheunionasawhole.Youwillneed:provenlinemanagementskills,especiallyinmanagingandmotivatingateam;goodresearchskills,holdingagooddegreeinarelatedsubjectorothersimilarexperience;ahighlevelofmathematicalandcalculatingskills;theabilitytoproducehighqualityworkunderpressure;acommitmenttoandknowledgeofthetradeunionmovementandsocialdemocraticpolities;andknowledgeand/orexperienceofthepostaland/ortelecommunicationsindustry.Toapply,telephoningHR(HumanResources)on02089717482.Whenapplyingpleasestartyoursource.ClosingDateforApplications:4thAugust2010AnticipatedInterviewDate:17August2010Noagenciesplease1.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldwefindthisadvertisement?Arts.B.Sales.C.Jobs.D.News.Theword'"appointed^inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningtoshowedB.advertisedC.appliedD.chosenOneofthedutiesofthepersontobeappointedis.runningatelecommunicationscompanyseekingmembershipinthelocalgovernmentmanagingateamoffourmemberstakingchargeofresearchworkIfyouwanttoapplyforthisposition,youcandoallEXCEPT.askanagencyforanapplicationformdial02089717482formoreinformationD.sendinyourapplicationbefore4thAugust2010Whichofthefollowingapplicantismostlikelytobeemployed?Amathteacherwithfiveyearsofexperience.Auniversitygraduatemajoringincomputerscience.Adirectorfromaresearchcenterwithamaster'sdegree.D.Aclerkfromatelecommunicationscompany.Passage2Questions6-11arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PaulaRadcliffe,chasingathirdLondonmarathontitle,saysshehasbecomeastrongerpersonafterherterribleexperienceatthe2004AthensGames.Radcliffe,whofailedtocompletetheOlympicmarathonandthe10000mlastAugust,said:“Athensmademeastrongerpersonanditmademecarelessaboutcriticism.”“InthepastIwantedtopleaseeveryone,butnowIamgoingtolistenevenmoretothepeoplearoundme.”Shedidn'tcareaboutcriticismmadeattheweekendbyLizMcColgan,whofeltRadcliffeshouldhaverestedandletherbodyrecoverafterherfailureinAthens.“LizissomeoneIlookuptobutshehasn'tspokentomesincelastyearandifshereallycaredforme,I'msureshewouldhavecontactedme.”InsteadRadcliffewontheNewYorkCitymarathonjust11weeksafterAthens.“InNewYorkIwasn'tinmybeststatebutIdidknowIwasgoodenoughtowintherace.”RadcliffeinsistedheronlygoalinSunday'sracewouldbewinningathirdtitleandnotchasingworldrecords.However,Radcliffehasnotruledoutnthefuturechasingher"final"worldrecordtimeandquestionedsayingsthatmarathonrunnershavetheabilityintheircareertoproduceonlyfourorfiveworld-classtimes.“Idon'tthinkthat—althoughIcan'tputanumber,'OnidtRadcliffe.“Thatchangesfrompersontoperson.”RadcliffeissureshecanbetterherwinningLondon2003performanceatsomepointinthefuture.Followingasuccessfulthree-monthtrainingperiodintheUnitedStates,the31-year-oldwillchaseathirdtitleonSundayafterherfirstvictoryin2002andagain12monthslater.Radcliffeclockedatimeof2:18:56inherfirst42.2-kilometerracethreeyearsago.Afterwardssheseta"mixedcourse"markof2:17:18fivemonthslaterinChicagobeforeloweringthattoatimeof2:15:25inthe2003Londonevent.Radcliffe'sfailureinAthensmadeher.developrespectforLizB.lovepeoplearoundhermorerestforfivemonthsD.facecriticismcalmlyWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?RadcliffebroketheworldrecordintheNewYorkCitymarathon.Radcliffewasn'tinherbeststatebeforetheNewYorkCitymarathon.RadcliffewonherfirstmarathontitleintheNewYorkCitymarathon.Radcliffehada3-monthtrainingbeforetheNewYorkCitymarathon.Thephrase“ruleout"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto.eliminatethepossibilityofB.bebannedfromC.maketheruleofD.surpasswellbeyondBysaying“Ican'tputanumberonit'”,Radcliffemeansshe'snotsure.ifshehastheabilitytosetanewworldrecordifshecanwinanotherracethoughshehaswonmanytimeshowmanytimesamarathonrunnercansettheworldrecordifshehastheabilitytoproducefourorfiveworld-classtimesAccordingtoRadcliffe,hernextgoalwouldbe.winningathirdtitleintheNewYorkCitymarathonbreakingtheworldrecordshemadeinthe2003LondoneventgainingaplaceinthefollowingLondonmarathonreturningtothe2004AthensGamesItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatallofthefollowingwerethecharacteristicsofRadcliffeEXCEPT.aggressiveB.optimisticC.persistentD.ambitiousPassage3Questions12-18arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheSaharaDesertisgrowingby10kmeachyear.Thewholeearthgets600km2ofdesertareamoreeveryyear.Thisprocessiscalled"desertification".Thistermstartedbeingusedinthe1950s.Theideaofdesertificationwasfirstknowninthe1930s.MuchoftheGreatPlainsgrewverydryasaresultofdroughtandpoorfarmingtechniques.Itwascalledthe“DustBowl.”Grazingisoneworry.Cowsdotwothingstothesoil.First,theyeatgrassesandplantsthatholdthesoilinplace.Second,theirhoovesbreakdownthetoplayerofsoil.Theresultisthatthegoodsoilcanbeblownawaybythewind.Thedirtleftbehindisnotgoodforgrowing.Millionswereforcedtoleavetheirfarmsandtheirwaysoflife.Sincethen,therehavebeengreatimprovementsinfarmingpracticesintheGreatPlains.Thesehavepreventedthe“DustBowl”disasterfromoccurringagain.Somethinkthatdroughtsmostlycausethiscondition.Infact,itismostlycausedbypeople.Ithasbecomeoneofthemostseriousglobalproblems.Droughtsarenormalindryandsemi-dryplaces.Well-managedlandscanrecoverfromdroughtswhentherainsreturn.Itisman'seffectonnaturethatisthekey.Afive-yeardroughtwasworsenedbypoorlandmanagementinWestAfricasomeyearsago.Itcausedthedeathsofmorethan100,000peopleand12millioncattle.Desertificationisacommonissueinpolitics.Therearestillmanythingsthatwedonotknowaboutit.Theprocessisaverycomplexformofdegradation.Moreresearchneedsbedonetounderstanditbetter.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?Thewindwillmakeitdifficultforthecowstoeatgrassesandplants.Cows'hoovesbreakdownthetoplayerofsoilthatisnotgoodforcultivating.Becauseofgrazing,thegrassesandplantsthatholdthesoilcanbeblownaway.Grazingcausesthedestructionandlossofgoodsoil.Accordingtoparagraph3,whathaspreventedthe“DustBowl”fromhappeningagain?Bettercattlebreeds.B.BetterirrigationtechniquesC.Goodfarmingpractice.D.TheGreatPlainsPreservationPlanThephrase"thiscondition'”inparagraph4referstotheSaharaDessertB.desertificationC.poorfarmingtechniquesD.grazingWhichofthefollowingbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentence(“Well-managedlandscan...return.”)?Landonlyrecoversfromdroughtswiththereturnofrains.Rainhelpstherecoveryofeffectivelymanagedlands.Rainssupporttherecoveryofalllandsindryplaces.Droughtspreventlandfromrecoveringfrompoormanagement.Theauthormentions“WestAfrica”intheparagraph4inordertoemphasizetheseriousnessofdesertificationworseningeveryyear.giveanexampleoftheconsequencecausedbypoorlandmanagement.attractattentionfromthegovernmentsinWestAfrica.contrastthedesertificationinWestAfricawithotherregionsoftheSaharaDesertTheword"degradation^inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto.reductionB.graduationC.solutionD.expansionAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Desertificationisoneofthepoliticalissues.Droughtarecommoninthedesert.TheSaharaDesertexpandsby10kmeveryotheryear.D.Theworddesertificationwasintroducedinthe1950s.Passage4Questions19-25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.FamousauthorandlinguistJohnRonaldReuelTolkienwasborninSouthAfricain1892.HejoinedtheBritishArmyduringWorldWarIandservedinaBritishunit.Duringthewar,Tolkienwitnessedthedeathsofmanyofhisfellowsoldiersaswellassomehisclosestfriends.Hehimselfwasstruckdownwithtrenchfeverandendedupinahospital.ItisoftensuggestedthatTolkien'sexperienceofwarhadagreatinfluenceonhiswriting.Hemaywellhavecometoviewfantasyasawaytoescapethesevererealityofwar,machines,gunsandbombs.Certainly,itwasduringhisrecoveryinamilitaryhospitalthathebegantocreatefairytalesbaseduponhisstudiesoffolktales.Afterthewar,Tolkienfollowedanacademiccareer.HisinterestinlanguagesledhimtoworkontheNewEnglishDictionaryandinspiredhimtoinventmanyartificiallanguages.Eventually,hewenttoOxfordUniversityasProfessorofAnglo-Saxon,andlaterhebecameProfessorofEnglishLanguageandLiterature.①TolkienisprobablybestknownastheauthorofTheLordoftheRin②.Itissaidthatheofteninventedfantasystoriestoentertainhischildren.③Oneofthesestorieswaspublishedin1937andwascalledTheHobbit④）.Althoughintendedforchildren,TheHobbitattractedmanyadultreadersanditsgreatpopularityledhispublisherstopersuadeTolkientoworkonacontinuation.⑤Inresponse,Tolkiencreatedhismostfamouswork,theepicthree-volumenovel,TheLordoftheRin⑥Atfirsthethoughthisstorywouldtellanotherchildren'stalebuttheworkquicklygrewdarkerandmoreseriousinthewriting.⑦Ittookhimtenyearstocompletehisthree-volumenovelwhichhasbeenpopularsinceitfirstappearedinprint.Althoughwidelyadmiredaspowerfulandinventive,ThelordoftheRinghsasreceivedcriticism.Somecritics,particularlyscholarsofNorsemythology,considertheworkhighlyimitativeandtakenextensivelyfrommythsandfolkstories.Despitethis,Tolkienstorieshaveappealedtogenerationsofreadersandinfluencedgenerationsofwriters.Hewelldeservestobeconsideredthefatherofmodernfantasy.Inpassage1,theauthorindicatesthatTolkiens'experienceinthearmy.arousedafascinationwithwarstimulatedaninterestinmythologyhadagreatinfluenceonhiswritingencouragedhimtostudylanguageandliteratureAccordingtopassage1,whichofthefollowingistrueofTolkien?A.DuringWorldWarI,hejoinedtheSouthAfricaArmyandwitnessedthecrueltyofwar.Tolkienstartedtocreatesciencefictionsduringhisrecoveryinahospital.HeinventedmanyartificiallanguagesfortheNewEnglishDictionary.Afterthewar,hefollowedanacademiccareerinthefieldoflanguage.Accordingtoparagraph2,TheLordoftheRing_s.A.wasslowtogainpopularacceptanceChangeditswritingstyleasitprogressedrepresentedarejectionofhisearlierwritingstylewasauniqueandunprecedentedpieceofwritingWhichsentenceinparagraph2providesthebestevidencefortheanswertothepreviousquestion?A.Sentence②(Itissaid...Children.)Sentence④(Althoughintendedfor...continuation.)Sentence⑤(Inresponse...Rings.)Sentence⑥(Atfirst...writing.)Theword“imitative”inparagraph3isclosestinthemeaningtoA.originalB.copyingC.capturingD.inaccurateInparagraph3,theword"this"referstoTheLordoftheRingsB.TheHobbitC.mythsandfolkstoriesD.criticismAccordingtothepassage,Tolkien“deservestobeconsideredthefatherofmodernfantasy”inthesensethat.A.hisworkhasawidereadershipandlastinginfluence.hisnovelsareenjoyedbybothchildrenandadults.heinventedtheideaoffantasyinliteraturehewroteNorsemythsandfolkstoriesinmodernEnglish.Passage5Questions26-32arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TighteconomictimesandagrowingopennesstostrangerthankstotheInternethavegivenrisetothe“sharingeconomy.”Peopleareloggingontositesandappstorentouttheircars,housesandeventheirclothesdirectlytooneanother.Andit'sbigbusiness:thepeer-to-peerrentalmarketisworth$26billion,accordingtoRachelBotsman,authorofMineIsYours:TheRiseofCollaborativeConsumption.Arguablythebiggestsectorofthesharingeconomyistravel.Peoplearerentingtheirbedstoout-of-towners,leadingthemonguidedtoursandhostingmeals,sometimesforfreebutonmostsitesforaprice--thoughonefarbelowthosefoundatlocalhotels.Trust,basedmainlyononlinereviews,isfuelingaglobalsharecationnetwork.Partoftheappealfortravelersisthechancetolivelikelocals.“Incertainsmalltowns,Googlingwhattoseewouldnothavehelped,”saysRobertHero,22,whobikedacrossEuropewithtwofriendsthissummer,crashingonstrangers'couchesastheywent.“ButinCompiegne(inFrance),ourhosttookustothiscastlewhereNapoleonpartied.”Heroandhisfriendscrashedon35couchesduringtheirtravel.“Originally,wedidittosavemoney.ButnowIwouldbeupsetifIheldtotravelanyotherway.”Trustbetweenstrangershasgrownsomuchthatpeoplemaybewillingtosharehotelrooms,notjusthouses.Ewhichlaunchedthissummer,pairsstrangerstogethertosplitthecostofahotelroom--hopefullywithseparatebeds.Onthesesites,userspickhostsorfellowtravelersmainlyonthebasisofuserreviews,soonlinereputationbecomesofprimeimportance.Butthereareriskstoanysystembasedonpeerreviews.Safetyconcernshaveledsitestotakeexternalmeasures.Airbnbrecentlyintroducedasystemwhereyoucanconfirmyouronlineidentitybysendingthesiteacopyofanoff-lineID,likeadriver'slicense.Andwhilemostsharingsitesdonotcheckhosts,moreareturningtosocialnetworkslikeFacebookasaplatformforbuildingtrust.ThenewFriendsofFriendsTravelconnectstravelersalreadyindirectlylinkedthroughsocialmedia.“Evenifthepersonyou'recrashingwithistechnicallyastranger,someoneyouknowknowsthemandcanguaranteeforthem."SaysD.J.Singh,aco-founder.Thesharingeconomyisboomingmainlybecause.peerstendtosupportoneanotherfinanciallypeoplearegettingmorewillingtoacceptothersthepeer-to-peerrentalmarkethasbeenprofitableit'sgettingmorefavorablereviewsontheInternetAccordingtothepassage,theword"sharecation"inparagraph2mostprobablymeans.arentalnetworkwherepeoplerentoutthingstotallyforfreeapackagetourinwhichpeoplechoosetheiridealhotelroommatesawayoftravelingbyrentingthingsfromlocalpeopleateconomicalpricesawayofaccommodationinwhichpeoplesleeponcouchesforthenightAccordingtoparagraph3,whatisHero'sattitudetowardsthenewwayoftraveling?A.pessimisticB.enthusiasticC.neutralD.skepticalTheword"reputation'”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningtoA.goodnameB.marketingC.serviceD.advertisementWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Trustbetweenpeoplehelpspromotethe"sharingeconomy"acrosstheworld.Enjoyinglocallivescontributestopeople'sgrowingpassionfor“sharecation.”Peoplechoosehostsorfellowtravelersmainlybycheckinguserreviews.D.AllthesharingsitesrequireacopyofauserIDforconfirmationofhisorheridentity.TheauthorquotesD.J.Singhassaying“Eveniftheperson...forthem”inparagraph6inordertoA.illustratehowthehostsestablishnewfriendshipbysharingherhouse.contrast“sharecation”withthetraditionalwayofbookinghotels.relieveusers'safetyconcernswiththeintroductionofIDcheckingsystemexplainhowsocialnetworkscanbuildtrustbetweenhostsandusers.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheRiseof“Sharecation”B.TheGlobalRentalNetworkC.TheCouch-crashingExperienceD.ThePopularConsumptionPartTwo:Writing(36')Suggestedtime:60minutesDirection:Readthefollowingwritingpromptcarefully.Youmayusetheoutline