全国职称英语考试理工类押题试卷3

2013年全国职称英语考试理工类押题试卷(4)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.ThesearetheirmotivesfordoingitA.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans2.TheriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturnwestA.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends3.Henrycannotresistthelureofdrugs.A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption4.Theseprogrammesareofimmensevaluetooldpeople.A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous5.AgreatdealhasbeendonetoremedythesituationA.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect6.JohniscollaboratingwithMaryinwritinganarticleA.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.arguing7.HeisdeterminedtoconsolidatehispowerA.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise8.ManyscientistshavebeenprobingpsychologicalproblemsA.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling9.HearingproblemsmaybealleviatedbychangesindietandexercisehabitsA.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved10.AndthecarsaretestedfordefectsbeforeleavingthefactoryA.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts11.Thefoodisinsufficientforthreepeople.A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.inadequate12.Thousandsofpeopleperishedinthestorm.A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered13.ButintheendheapprovedofourproposalA.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily14.Foryoungchildren,gettingdressedisacomplicatedbusiness.A.strangeB.compleC.personalD.funny15.InBritainandmanyothercountriesappraisalisnowatoolofmanagement.A.evaluationB.efficiencyC.productionD.publicity第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。StudyHelpsPredictBigMediterraneanQuakeScientistshavefoundevidencethatanoverlookedfaultintheeasternMediterranean1islikelytoproduceanearthquakeandtsunamievery800yearsaspowerfulastheonethatdestroyedAlexandriainAD365.Usingradiocarbondatingtechniques,simulationsandcomputermodels,theresearchersrecreatedtheancientdisasterinordertoidentifytheresponsiblefault.‘Wearesayingthereisprobablyarepeattimeof800yearsforthiskindofearthquake,’saidMsBethShaw,anearthquakescientistattheUniversityofCambridge,wholedthestudy.Scientistsstudypastearthquakesinordertodeterminethefuturepossibilityofsimilarlargeshocks.IdentifyingthefaultfortheAD365earthquakeandtsunamiisimportantforthetensofmillionsofpeopleintheregion,Ms.Shawsaid.ThefaultclosetothesouthwestcoastofCretelastproducedabigenoughquaketogenerateatsunamiabout1300,whichmeansthenextpowerfulonecouldcomeinthenext100years,sheaddedinatelephoneinterview.Ms.Shawandhercolleaguescalculatethelikelyintervalsbymeasuringthemotionofeithersideofthefaulttofindhowoftensuchlargeearthquakeswouldhavetooccurtoaccountforthatlevelofmotion,shesaid.Theircomputermodelsuggestedan8magnitudequakeonthefaultwouldproduceatsunamithatfloodsthecoastalregionsofAlexandriaandNorthAfrica,thesoutherncoastofGreece5andSicily6allthewayuptheAdriatitoDubrovnik.ThiswouldbesimilartotheancientquakeinAD365thatcausedwidespreaddestructioninmuchofGreeceandunleashedatsunamithatfloodedAlexandriaandtheNileDelta,likelykillingtensofthousandsofpeople,shesaid.16.Thefault,whichwasoverlookedbefore,hasbeencloselystudiedbyscientists.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.ItisfuntoidentifythefaultfortheAD365earthquakeandtsunami.ARightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Radiocarbondatingtechniquescanbeusedtoidentifytheageoftheearth.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.ScientistspredictthatthenextpowerfulearthquakeintheeasternMediterraneanmaytakeplacesometimebefore2100.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Ms.Shawhashercolleagueshelpherinthestudyofearthquakeprediction.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Ms.ShawmeasuredthemovementofeithersideofthefaulttoidentifythemagnitudeoftheearthquaketakingplaceinAD365.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.TheearthquakepredictiondevicesdevelopedbyMs.Shawarebeingwidelyusedintheworld.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。TheTiniestElectricMotorintheWorldScientistsrecentlymadepublicthetiniestelectricmotoreverbuilt.Youcouldstuffhundredsofthemintotheperiodattheendofthissentence.Onedayasimilarenginemightpoweratinymechanicaldoctorthatwouldtravelthroughyourbodytoremoveyourdisease.Themotorworksbyshufflingatomsbetweentwomoltenmetaldropletsinacarbonnanotube.Onedropletisevensmallerthantheother.Whenasmallelectriccurrentisappliedtothedroplets,atomsslowlygetoutofthelargerdropletandjointhesmallerone.Thesmalldropletgrows－butnevergetsasbigastheotherdroplet－andeventuallybumpsintothelargedroplet.Astheytouch,thelargedropletrapidlysopsuptheatomsithadpreviouslylost.Thisquickshiftinenergyproducesapowerstroke.Thetechniqueexploitsthefactthatsurfacetension－thetendencyofatomsormoleculestoresistseparating－becomesmoreimportantatsmallscales.Surfacetensionisthesamethingthatallowssomeinsectstowalkonwater.Althoughtheamountofenergyproducedissmall－20microwatts－itisquiteimpressiveinrelationtothetinyscaleofthemotor.Thewholesetupislessthan200nanometersonaside,orhundredsoftimessmallerthanthewidthofahumanhair.Ifitcouldbescaleduptothesizeofanautomobileengine,itwouldbetoomilliontimesmorepowerfulthanaToyotaCamry’s225horsepowerV6engine.In1988,ProfessorRichardMullerandcolleaguesmadethefirstoperatingmicromotor,whichwas100micronsacross,oraboutthethicknessofahumanhair.In2003,Zettl’sgroupcreatedthefirstnanoscalemotor.In2006,theybuiltananoconveyor,whichmovestinyparticlesalonglikecarsinafactory.Nanotechnologyengineerstrytomimicnature,buildingthingsatom-by-atom.Amongotherthings,nanomotorscouldbeusedinopticalcircuitstoredirectlight,aprocesscalledopticalswitching.Futuristsenvisionadaywhennanomachines,poweredbynanomotors,travelinsideyourbodytofinddiseaseandrepairdamagedcells.23.Paragraph2_____24.Paragraph4_____25.Paragraph5_____26.Paragraph6_____A.AnIntroductionofaToyota’s225HorsepowerV6EngineB.ADescriptionoftheNanomotorinTermsofPowerandSizeC.SurfaceTensionD.PreviousInventionsofNanoscaleProductsE.TheWorkingPrincipleoftheNanomotorF.PossibleFieldsofApplicationintheFuture27.Doctorsenvisionthatthenanomotorwouldtravelthroughhumanbodiesto_____.28.Surfacetensionmeansthetendencyofatomsormoleculesto_____.29.Nanoconveyorscouldbeusedto_____.30.Applyingasmallelectriccurrentcausesatomsto_____.A.removediseaseB.resistseparatingC.shufflebetweentwomoltenmetaldropletsD.powernanornachinesE.sopupmoleculesfromthelargedropletF.transportnanoscaleobjects第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇InvisibilityRingScientistscan’tyetmakeaninvisibilitycloak(斗篷)liketheonethatHarryPotteruses.But，forthefirsttime，they’veconstructedasimplecloakingdevicethatmakesitselfandsomethingplacedinsideitinvisibletomicrowaves.Whenaperson“sees”anobject，hisorhereyesensesmanydifferentwavesofvisiblelightastheybounceofftheobject.Theeyeandbrainthenworktogethertoorganizethesesensationsandreconstructtheobject’soriginalshape.So，tomakeanobjectinvisible，scientistshavetokeepwavesfrombouncingoffit.Andtheyhavetomakesuretheobjectcastsnoshadow.Otherwise，theabsenceofreflectedlightononesidewouldgivetheobjectaway.Invisibilityisn’tpossibleyetwithwavesoflightthatthehumaneyecansee.Butitisnowpossiblewithmicrowaves.Likevisiblelight，microwavesareaformofradiantenergy.Theyarepartoftheelectromagneticspectrum(电磁波频谱),whichalsoincludesradiowaves，infraredlight，ultravioletrays，Xrays，andgammarays.Thewavelengthsofmicrowavesareshorterthanthoseofradiowavesbutlongerthanthoseofvisiblelight.Thescientists’new“invisibilitydevice”isthesizeofadrinkcoasterandshapedlikearing.Theringismadeofaspecialmaterialwithunusualability.Whenmicrowaves(微波)strikethering，veryfewbounceoffit.Instead，theypassthroughthering，whichbendsthewavesallthewayarounduntiltheyreachtheoppositeside.Thewavesthenreturntotheiroriginalpaths.Toadetectorsetuptoreceivemicrowavesontheothersideofthering，itlooksasifthewavesneverchangedtheirpathsasiftherewerenoobjectintheway!So，theringiseffectivelyinvisible.Whentheresearchersputasmallcopperloopinsidethering，it，too，isnearlyinvisible.However，thecloakingdeviceandanythinginsideitdocastapaleshadow.Andthedeviceworksonlyformicrowaves，notforvisiblelightoranykindofelectromagneticradiation.So,HarryPotter’sinvisibilitycloakdoesn’thaveanyrealcompetitionyet.31.HarryPotterismentionedinthepassage,becausescientistsA.cannowmakeaninvisiblecloakofthesamekindasheuses.B.trytomakeaninvisiblecloakofthesamekindasheuses.C.trytoinventadevicesimilarinideatotheinvisiblecloakheuses.D.knowthatitispossibletomakeaninvisiblecloakofthesamekind.32.Whatistrueofmicrowaves?A.Theirwavelengthsareshorterthanthoseofvisiblelight.B.Theirwavelengthsarelongerthanthoseofvisiblelight.C.Theyaredifferentfromvisiblelightastheyareakindofradiantenergy.D.Theyarevisibletothehumaneye.33.WhatisNOTtrueoftheinvisibilitydevice?A.Itismadeofaspecialmaterialwithunusualability.B.Microwavesbounceoffitwhentheystrikeit.C.Microwavespassthroughitwhentheystrikeit.D.Itbendsthemicrowavesallthewayarounduntiltheyreachtheoppositeside.34.Whatdoestheword“coaster”meaninthepassage?A.Adiskorplateplacedunderadrinkingglasstoprotectatabletop.B.Avesselengagedincoastaltrade.C.Arollercoaster.D.Aresidentofacoastalarea.35.HarryPotter’sinvisibilitycloakdoesn’thaveanyrealcompetitionyet,becauseA.scientistshavenotfoundouthowhiscloakworks.B.thecloakingdeviceisatotalfailure.C.thecloakingdeviceworksonlyformicrowaves.D.thecloakingdeviceworksonlyforvisiblelight.第二篇JapaneseCarKeepsWatchforDrunkDriversAconceptcardevelopedbyJapanesecompanyNissanhasabreathalyzer-likedetectionsystemandotherinstrumentsthatcouldhelpkeepdrunkorovertireddriversofftheroad.Thecar’ssensors(传感器)checkodorsinsidethecarandmonitoradriver’ssweatfortracesofalcohol.Anin-carcomputersystemcanissueanalertorevenlockuptheignition(点火)systemifthedriverseemsover-the-limit.Theairodor(气味)sensorsarefixedfirmlyanddeeplyinthedriverandpassengerseats，whileadetectorinthegear-shiftknobmeasuresperspirationfromthedriver’spalm.Othercarmakershavedevelopedsimilardetectionsystems.Forexample，Sweden’sVolvohasdevelopedabreathalyzerattachedtoacar’sseatbeltthatdriversmustblowintobeforetheenginewillstart.Nissan’snewconceptvehicle(交通工具)alsoincludesadashboard-mountedcamerathattracksadriversalertnessbymonitoringtheireyes.ItwillsoundanalarmandissueaspokenwarninginJapaneseorEnglishifitjudgesthatthedriverneedstopulloverandrest.Thecartechnologyisstillindevelopment，butgeneralmanagerKazuhiroDoisaysthecombinationofdifferentdetectionsystemsshouldimprovetheoveralleffectivenessofthetechnology.“Forexample，ifthegear-shiftsensorwasbypassed(迂回)byapassengerusingitinsteadofthedriver，thefacialrecognitionsystemwouldstillbeused,”Doisays.Nissanhasnospecifictimetableformarketingthesystem，butaimstousetechnologytocutthenumberoffatalitiesinvolvingitsvehiclestohalf1995levelsby2015.Thecar’sseatbeltcanalsotightenifdrowsinessisdetected，whileanexternalcamerachecksthatthecariskeepingtoitslaneproperly.However，Doiadmitsthatsomeofthetechnology，suchasthealcoholodorsensor，shouldbeimproved.“Ifyoudrinkonebeer，it’sgoingtoregister，soweneedtostudywhat’stheappropriatelevelforthesystemtoactivate,”hesays.IntheUK,someresearchgroupsareusingsimilaradvancedtechniquestounderstanddriverbehaviorandtheeffectiveness(效力)ofdifferentroaddesigns.36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueoftheJapaneseconceptcareA.Ithasasensorsystemthatcouldissueawarningifthedriverisdrunk.B.Ithassensorsthatdetecttracesofalcoholinsidethecar.C.Ithassensorslockedupintheignitionsystem.D.Ithasabreathalyzer-likedetectionsystem.37.WhathasVolvodeveloped?A.Thesamedetectionsystemmentionedinthepreviousparagraph.B.Abreathalyzerattachedtoacar’sseatbelt.C.Asmartcarseatbelt.D.Anintelligentengine.38.WhatisthefunctionofthecameramentionedinParagraph4?A.Itmonitorsthedriver’seyestoseeifheneedsarest.B.Itjudgesifthedriverwantstopullover.C.Itjudgesifthedriverwantstotakearest.D.Itissuesanalarmwhenthedriverspeaks.39.AccordingtoDoi,_____A.theoveralleffectivenessofthedetectiontechnologyhasimproved.B.Nissanismakingatimetabletomarketthedetectionsystem.C.itisimpossibletoimprovetheoveralleffectivenessofthedetectionsystem.D.Nissanaimstoimprovethedetectiontechnologytoreducethefatalityrate.40.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinParagraph6?A.Anexternalcamerachecksthatthecarisgoingproperly.B.Thecarwillautomaticallykeeptoitslane.C.Theseatbeltwilltightenwhenthedriverisfounddrowsy.D.Thetechnologyofthealcoholodorsensorshouldbeimproved.第三篇BatteriesBuiltbyVirusesWhatdochickenpox,thecommoncold,theflu,andAIDShaveincommon?They’realldiseasecausedbyviruses，tinymicroorganismsthatcanpassfrompersontoperson.It’snowonderthatwhenmostpeoplethinkaboutviruses,findingwaystosteerclearofvirusesiswhat’sonpeople’sminds.Noteveryonerunsfromthetinydiseasecarriers,though.InCambridge,Massachusetts,scientistshavediscoveredthatsomevirusescanbehelpfulinanunusualway.Theyareputtingvirusestowork,teachingthemtobuildsomeoftheworld’ssmallestrechargeablebatteries.Virusesandbatteriesmayseemlikeanunusualpair,butthey’renotsostrangeforengineerAngelaBelcher,whofirstcameupwiththeidea.AttheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)inCambridge，sheandhercollaboratorsbringtogetherdifferentareasofscienceinnewways.Inthecaseofthevirus-builtbatteries，thescientistscombinewhattheyknowaboutbiology，technologyandproductiontechniques.Belcher’steamincludesPaulaHammond，whohelpsputtogetherthetinybatteries，andYet-MingChiang,anexpertonhowtostoreenergyintheformofabattery.“We’reworkingonthingswetraditionallydon’tassociatewithnature,”saysHammond.Manybatteriesarealreadyprettysmall.YoucanholdA，CandDbatteriesinyourhand.Thecoin-likebatteriesthatpowerwatchesareoftensmallerthanapenny.However,everyyear,newelectronicdeviceslikepersonalmusicplayersorcellphonesgetsmallerthantheyearbefore.Asthesedevicesshrink，ordinarybakerieswon’tbesmallenoughtofitinside.Theidealbatterywillstorealotofenergyinasmallpackage.Rightnow，Belcher’smodelbattery，ametallicdiskcompletelybuiltbyviruses，lookslikearegularwatchbattery.Butinside，itscomponentsareverysmall-sotinyyoucanonlyseethemwithapowerfulmicroscope.Howsmallarethesebatteryparts?Togetsomeideaofthesize，pluckonehairfromyourhead.Placeyourhaironapieceofwhitepaperandtrytoseehowwideyourhairis-prettythin，right?Althoughthewidthofeachperson’shairisabitdifferent，youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts，sidetoside，acrossonehair.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychangethewaywelookatviruses.41.Accordingtothefirstparagraph，peopletrytoA.killmicroorganismsrelatedtochickenpox，theflu，etc.B.keepthemselvesawayfromvirusesbecausetheyareinvisible.C.stayawayfromvirusesbecausetheyarecausesofvariousdiseases.D.curethemselvesofvirus-relateddiseasesbytakingmedicines.42.WhatisBelcher’steamdoingatpresent?A.Itisfindingwaystogetridofviruses..B.Itismass-producingmicrobatteries.C.Itismakingbatterieswithviruses.D.Itisanalyzingvirusgenes.43.Whatexpressionbelowisoppositeinmeaningtotheword“shrink”appearinginparagraph5?A.Broaden.B.Spread.C.Extend.D.Expand.44.WhichofthefollowingistrueofBelcher’sbatterymentionedinparagraph6?A.Itismadeofmetal.B.Itisakindofwatchbattery.C.Itcanonlybeseenwithamicroscope.D.Itisametallicdiskwithvirusesinsideit.45.Howtinyisonebatterypart?A.Itswidthisonetonthofahair.B.Itequalsthewidthofahair.C.Itisasthinasapieceofpaper.D.Itswidthistootinytomeasure.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。WatchingMicrocurrentsFlowWecannowwatchelectricityasitflowsthrougheventhetiniestcircuits.Byscanning(扫描)themagneticfield(磁场)generatedaselectriccurrentsflowthroughobjects(物体),physicistshavemanaged_______(46).Thetechnologywillallowmanufacturerstoscanmicrochipsforfaults,aswellasrevealingmicroscopicdefectsinanythingfromaircrafttobanknotes.GangXiaoandBenSchragatBrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland,visualizethecurrentbymeasuringsubtle(细微的)changesinthemagneticfieldofanobjectand_______(47).Theirsensorisadaptedfromanexistingpiece(现有配件)oftechnologythatisusedtomeasurelargemagneticfieldsincomputerharddrives."Weredesignedthemagneticsensortomakeitcapableofmeasuring(测量)veryweakchangesinmagneticfields,"saysXiao.Theresultingdeviceiscapableofdetecting(测定)acurrentasweakas10microamperes,evenwhenthewireisburieddeepwithinachip,anditshowsupfeatures(图案)assmallas40nanometersacross.Atpresent,engineerslookingfordefects(缺陷)inachiphavetopeeloff(剥开)thelayersandexaminethecircuitsvisually;thisisoneoftheobstacles_______(48).Butthenewmagneticmicroscopeissensitiveenoughtolookinsidechipsandrevealfaultssuchasshortcircuits,nicksinthewiresorelectromigration(电迁移)–whereadenseareaofcurrentpicksupsurroundingatomsandmovesthemalong."Itislikewatchingariverflow,"explainsXiao.Aswellasscanningtinycircuits,themicroscopecanbeusedtorevealtheinternalstructureofanyobjectcapableofconductingelectricity.Forexample,itcouldlookdirectlyatmicroscopiccracksinanairplane’sfuselage,_______(49).Thetechniquecannotyetpickupelectricalactivityinthehumanbrainbecausethecurrentthereistoosmall,butXiaodoesn'truleitout(排除……的可能性)inthefuture."Icanneversaynever,"hesays.Althoughtheresearchershaveonlyjustmadethetechnicaldetailsofthemicroscopepublic,itisalreadyonsale,(上市)fromelectronicscompanyMicroMagneticsinFallRiver,Massachusetts.Itiscurrentlythesizeofarefrigeratorandtakesseveralminutestoscanacircuit,butXiaoandSchragareworking_______(50).A.toshrinkittothesizeofadesktopcomputerandcutthescanningtimeto30secondsB.tomakingchipsanysmallerC.totaketinychipswerequireD.topicturetheprogressofthecurrentsE.convertingtheinformationintoacolorpictureshowingthedensityofcurrentateachpointF.faultsinthemetalstripofaforgedbanknoteorbacteriainawatersample第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。ABiologicalClockEverylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells______(51)whentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittells______(52)whentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyaway,andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Eventsoutsidetheplantandanimal______(53)theactionsofsomebiologicalclocks.Scientistsrecentlyfound,forexample,tha