版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
2016年6月英语四级考试长篇阅读答案(卷二)SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CouldFoodShortagesBringDownCivilization?FormanyyearsIhavestudiedglobalagricultural,population,environmentalandeconomictrendsandtheirinteractions.Thecombinedeffectsofthosetrendsandthepoliticaltensionstheygeneratepointtothebreakdownofgovernmentsandsocieties.YetI,too,haveresistedtheideathatfoodshortagescouldbringdownnotonlyindividualgovernmentsbutalsoourglobalcivilization.Icannolongerignorethatrisk.Ourcontinuingfailuretodealwiththeenvironmentaldeclinesthatareunderminingtheworldfoodeconomyforcesmetoconcludethatsuchacollapseispossible.
Asdemandforfoodrisesfasterthansuppliesaregrowing,theresultingfood-priceinflationputsseverestressonthegovernmentsofmanycountries.Unabletobuygrainorgrowtheirown,hungrypeopletaketothestreets.Indeed,evenbeforethesteepclimbingrainpricesin2008,thenumberoffailingstateswasexpanding.Ifthefoodsituationcontinuestoworsen,entirenationswillbreakdownataneverincreasingrate.Inthe20thcenturythemainthreattointernationalsecuritywassuperpowerconflict;todayitisfailingstates.Statesfailwhennationalgovernmentscannolongerprovidepersonalsecurity,foodsecurityandbasicsocialservicessuchaseducationandhealthcare.Whengovernmentslosetheircontrolonpower,lawandorderbegintodisintegrate.Afterapoint,countriescanbecomesodangerousthatfoodreliefworkersarenolongersafeandtheirprogramsarehalted.Failingstatesareofinternationalconcernbecausetheyareasourceofterrorists,drugs,weaponsandrefugees(难民),threateningpoliticalstabilityeverywhere.Thesurgeinworldgrainpricesin2007and200—andthethreattheyposetofoodsecurityhasadifferent,moretroublingqualitythantheincreasesofthepast.Duringthesecondofthe20thcentury,grainpricesrosedramaticallyseveraltimes.In1972,
forinstance,theSoviets.Irecognizingtheirpoorharvestearly,quietlycorneredtheworldwheatmarket.Asaresult,wheatpriceselsewheremorethandoubled,pullingriceandcompricesupwiththem.Butthisandotherpriceshockswereevent-drivendroughtintheSovietUnion,crop-shrinkingheatinthe.CornBelt.Andtheriseswereshort-lived:pricestypicallyreturnedtonormalwiththenextharvest.Incontrast,recentsurgeinworldgrainpricesistrend-driven,makingitunlikelytoreversewithoutareversalinthetrendsthemselves.Onthedemandside,thosetrendsincludetheongoingadditionofmorethan70millionpeopleayear,agrowingnumberofpeoplewantingtomoveupthefoodchaintoconsumehighlygrain-intensivemeatproducts,andthemassivediversion(转向)of.graintotheproductionofbio-fuel.Asincomesriseamonglow-incomeconsumers,thepotentialforfurthergrainconsumptionishuge.Butthatpotentialpalesbesidethenever-endingdemandforcrop-basedfuels.Afourthofthisyear's.grainharvestwillgotofuelcars.Whataboutsupply?Thethreeenvironmentaltrendstheshortageoffreshwater,thelossoftopsoilandtherisingtemperaturesaremakingitincreasinglyhardtoexpandthe
world'sgrainsupplyfastenoughtokeepupwithdemand.Ofallthosetrends,however,thespreadofwatershortagesposesthemostimmediatethreat.Thebiggestchallengehereisirrigation,whichconsumes70%theworld'sfreshwater.Millionsofirrigationwellsinmanycountriesarenowpumpingwateroutofundergroundsourcesfasterthanrainfallcanrefillthem.Theresultisfallingwatertables(地下水位)incountrieswithhalftheworld'speople,includingthethreebiggrainproducersChina,Indiaandthe.Aswatertableshavefallenandirrigationwellshavegonedry,China'swheatcrop,theworld'slargest,hasdeclinedby8%sinceitpeakedat123milliontonsin1997.ButwatershortagesareevenmoreworryinginIndia.Millionsofirrigationwellshavesignificantlyloweredwatertablesinalmosteverystate.Astheworld'sfoodsecurityfallstopieces,individualcountriesactingintheirownself-interestareactuallyworseningthetroublesofmany.Thetrendbeganin2007,whenleadingwheat-exportingcountriessuchasRussiaandArgentinalimitedorbannedtheirexports,inhopesofincreasinglocalfoodsuppliesandtherebybringingdowndomesticfoodprices.Vietnambanneditsexportsforseveralmonthsforthesamereason.Suchmovesmayeliminatethefearsofthoselivingintheexportingcountries,but
theyarecreatingpanicinimportingcountriesthatmustrelyonwhatisthenleftforexport.Inresponsetothoserestrietions,grain-importingcountriesaretryingtonaildownlong-termtradeagreementsthatwouldlockupfuturegrainsupplies.Food-importanxietyisevenleadingtoneweffortsbyfood-importingcountriestobuyorleasefarmlandinothercountries.Inspiteofsuchtemporarymeasures,soaringfoodpricesandspreadinghungerinmanyothercountriesarebeginningtobreakdownthesocialorder.Sincethecurrentworldfoodshortageistrend-driven,theenvironmentaltrendsthatcauseitmustbereversed.Wemustcutcarbonemissionsby80%fromtheir2006levelsby2020,stabilizetheworld'spopulationateightbillionby2040,completelyremovepoverty,andrestoreforestsandsoils.Thereisnothingnewaboutthefourobjectives.Indeed,wehavemadesubstantialprogressinsomepartsoftheworldonatleastoneofthesethedistributionoffamily-planningservicesandtheassociatedshifttosmallerfamilies.Formanyinthedevelopmentcommunity,thefourobjectiveswereseenaspositive,promotingdevelopmentaslongastheydidnotcosttoomuch.0therssawthemaspoliticallycorrectandmorally
appropriate.Nowathirdandfarmoresignificantmotivationpresentsitself:meetingthesegoalsmaynecessarytopreventthecollapseofourcivilization.Yetthecostweprojectforsavingcivilizationwouldamounttolessthan$200billionayear,1/6ofcurrentglobalmilitaryspending.Ineffect,ourplanisthenewsecuritybudget.【题干】Themorerecentsteepclimbingrainpricespartlyresultsfromthefactthatmoreandmorepeoplewanttoconsumemeatproducts.【答案】F【题干】Socialorderisbreakingdowninmanycountriesbecauseoffoodshortages.【答案】A【题干】Ratherthansuperpowerconflict,countriesunabletocopewithfoodshortagesnowconstitutethemainthreatt
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2024年镍粉系列项目合作计划书
- 2024年办公服务项目发展计划
- 勾连 分解 建构:让整本书阅读走向高效
- 教学反思教育随笔初中7篇
- 个人借款合同(经营活动)
- 钳工实习感悟心得(10篇)
- 一年级下册美术教学设计-9.海螺和海星1-岭南版
- 数据库管理员岗位的工作职责描述(34篇)
- 总经理聘用合同范本
- 幼儿园托班工作计划集锦(33篇)
- 农村建房施工工程监理协议
- 2024春国开国际私法形考任务题库及答案
- 2024届深圳市外国语校中考语文全真模拟试题含解析
- 电子商务实训总结反思报告
- 第六单元 大单元教学设计(表格式) 2023-2024学年统编版高中语文必修下册
- 广东省东莞市重点中学2024届中考英语模拟试题含答案
- 国开2024年《班级管理》形考作业1-3答案
- 企业股份一元转让协议合同范本(增加特殊条款)
- 小学数学三年级下册第八单元《数学广角-搭配(二)》大单元集体备课整体设计
- 2024-2029年中国冬虫夏草行业发展分析及投资风险预测分析报告
- 脑血管内介入治疗及护理
评论
0/150
提交评论