2021年大学英语阅读三级Passage 1-10

Passage1Thesecretofbeingbornluckyisasummerbirthday，withMaybabiesmostlikelytoenjoyalifetime’sgoodfortune，accordingtoastudyofmorethan40,000people.Thetimeofyearatwhichyouarebornhasanenduringinfluenceonlevelsofoptimismandself-reportedaccordingtoresearchbyBritishandSwedishscientists.Maywastheluckiestmonthinwhichtobeborn，with50percentofthosebornthenconsideringthemselveslucky，whileOctoberwastheleastluckymonth，withjust43percentclaiminggoodfortune.Thefindingsaddtogrowingevidencethatthephenomenonofluckisnotalldowntochance，butisaffectedbyaperson’sgeneraldisposition. Otherresearchhasshownthatwhetherpeoplethinkthemselvesfortunatedependslessonobjectivesuccessthanonhavinga“glasshalf-full”or“half-empty”approachtolife.“Whatweareseeingsuggeststhatsomethingisinfluencinghowpeopleperceivetheirluckiness.Myhypothesisisthatpeoplecreatetheirownluckbytraitssuchasoptimism，thatluckisapsychologicalphenomenonratherthanamatterofblindchance,”saidProfessorRichardWiseman，wholedtheresearch.Thepatternoftheresults，withthoseborninspringandsummerreportingthemselvesluckierthanthoseborninautumnorwinter，couldhavetwopotentialexplanations，ProfessorWisemansaid.Accordingtothepassage，whetherpeoplethinkthemselvesluckynotdependsonfollowingfactorsEXCEPT A)one’sobjectivesuccess B)one’sgeneraldispositionC)one’sattitudetolife D)one’splaceofbirthAccordingtothepassage，thosewhowerebornin regardthemselvesasthemostfortunate.A)March B)April C)May D)OctoberWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Optimisticpeopletendtobeluckier.Devotedpeopletendtobeluckier.Objectivesuccessismoreimportantthanone’sgeneraldispositioninfeelinglucky.Peopledrinkingmorewatertendtobeluckier.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestreplacetheword“trat.2)8A)quality. B)expectation. C)belief. D)idea.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?LuckisSomethingBorn.LuckisNotAllDowntoChance.LuckisAMatterofBlindChance.LuckandAge.Passage2Researcherssaymostofusmakeinstantjudgementaboutapersononthebasisofhowtheylook.Theysayfacialfeaturescandeterminewhetherwelikeortrustsomeone.Itmayeveninfluencehowwevote.“Overtheyearwehavefoundthatfacialfeaturesaffectthewaymanyofusperceiveothers,”saysElisabethCornwell，apsychologyresearcherattheuniversity’sPerceptionLaboratory.Studiessuggestthatpeoplearelesslikelytotrustthosewithparticularlymasculineasasquarejaw，smalleyesorbignose.“Theyareperceivedas dominantandlesstrustworthy,”saysMsCornwell.“Itdoesn’tmeanthatmenwholookmoremasculinearelesstrustworthy—It’sjustourfirstimpressions.“Thosewithlessmasculinefeatures—largereyes，asmallernoseandthinnerlips—aredeemedtobemoretrustworthy.“Weareverygoodatprocessingthesefeaturesquickly,”saysMsCornwell.TheresearchersareputtingtheirsciencetothetestattheRoyalsociety’sannualsummerexhibitioninLondon.TheyhavesubtlymanipulatedthefacesofPrimeMinisterTonyBlair，ConservativeleaderMichaelHowardandLiberalDemocratleaderCharlesKennedyaccentuatingtheirdominantandtrustworthyfeaturesrespectively.“Wehaveusedacomputerprogrammetochangetheshapeoftheirfaceandfeatures.Wehopeitwillhelppeopletounderstandourwork.”SoshouldweexpecttoseeTonyBlair，MichaelHowardandCharlesKennedyattheexhibitiongettingtips?“Idon’tthinkit’ssomethingtheywillwanttotry,”saysMsCornwell.“It’snotreallypossiblewithtelevision.Weallknowwhattheylooklike.Ithinktheywouldbenaivetotryit.”Whyarepeoplelesslikelytotrustthosewithparticularlymasculinefeatures?Becausetheyarebad-tempered.Becausetheyareperceivedasdominantandlesstrustworthy.Becausetheyareperceivedastricky.Becausetheyaremorestubborn.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingisperceivedasagmasculinefeature?A)Largereyes. B)Asquarejaw.C)Asmallernose. D)Thinnerlips.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Mostofustendtojudgepeoplebyhowtheylook.Somestudiesshowthatpeoplewithparticularmasculinefeaturesaremoredominant.Acandidatewithlessmasculinefeaturesismorelikelytowinavote.Mostofusarewithmasculinefeatures.WhywillTonyBlairnotwanttochangehisfacialfeaturesaccordingtothepassage?Becauseheissopopularthateveryoneknowswhathelookslike.Becausehedoesnotwanttogettips.Becausehehasgreatconfidenceinhislooks.Becauseheisverynaive.5..Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?FacialFeatures.HowPeoplePerceiveOthers.FacialFeaturesAreEverything.HowFacialFeaturesAffectOne’sFirstImpression.Passage3Britishuniversityentrantsexpecttobeprovidedwithwashingmachinesanddryersintheirrooms，andevencarparkingspaces，asurveyhasfound.Studentsarealsolesspreparedtotoleratepoorqualitylivingconditionsthantheirpredecessors，saysthesurveybyBritishpollingorganizationMori.Morethan1,000full-timeundergraduatesandpostgraduatesfrom21universitiesacrosstheUKweresurveyedfortheresearch.Itshowsthatlocationisthekeyfactorinchoosingaccommodationforstudents—nearlyhalfofthoseinterviewedsaidthatbeingclosetotheirplaceofstudywasthemostimportantfactorintheirchoice.Costcameevidencethatmanyparentsfootthebillsfortheirchildren’srent.Thesurveyalsoshowsthatstudentsarenolongerpreparedtocarrybagsofwashingtothenearestlaunderette.Thesenewcomersexpectwashersanddryerstobeprovidedwiththeiraccommodation.Thestudyalso highlightsthosethingstoday’sstudentsexpectasstandard—communalareastobecleanedregularly，utilitybillstobeincluded，evenprivatecarparkingspacetobeincluded.SeparatefindingsfromtheUK’sNationalUnionofStudentspublishedearlierthisyearshowmorethanhalfofstudentsinprivaterentedaccommodationarelivinginunsatisfactoryconditions.Whoarethesubjectsofthesurvey?SomeoverseastudentsinU.K.SomeundergraduatesandpostgraduatesinU.K.universities.SomegraduatesinU.K.universities.SomeBritishstudentsinothercountries.WhatkindofaccommodationisthemostattractivetostudentsaccordingtothesurveybyBritishpollingorganizationMori?Anapartmentneartheiruniversities.Acheaphousefarwayfromtheiruniversities.Anapartmentwithcarparkingspace.Anapartmentwithwashingmachines.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?ThesurveydescribedinthepassageisconductedbyUK‘sNationalofStudents.MostofthesubjectsarefromuniversitiesinLondon.Mostcollegestudentspaytherentbythemselves.Studentsthinkthatcommunalareasshouldbecleanedregularlybycleanersratherthanthemselves.Accordingtothepassage，thechoiceofaccommodationisinfluencedbythefollowingfactorsEXCEPT .A)convenience B)comfortC)lowrents D)weatherWhatdoesthesurveyindicate?U.K.universitystudentsareincreasinglysatisfiedwiththeirlivingconditions.U.K.universitystudentsarelessandlessenergetic.U.K.universitystudentsdemandhigherqualitiesoftheirlivingconditions.U.K.universitystudentspaylessandlessattentiontotheirstudies.Passage4TheformerfirstladyandnowNewYorkRodhamwrittenabookabouthereightyearsintheWhiteHouse.Itisbeingreleasedwithagreatdealofpublicfanfare.ThebookrevealsdetailsaboutthenotoriousMonicaLewinskyscandalinvolvingherhusband ，PresidentClinton.InLivingHistory，thewifeofformerPresidentClintonrecountsthemomentwhenMr.ClintoninformedherthathehafachadthedarelationshiptsnotwithMissaWhiteHouseintern.Shecouldhardlybreathe.Gulpingforair，Istartedcryingandyellingathim.Whatdoyoumean?Whatareyousaying?Whydidyoulietome?Iwasfuriousandgettingmoresobythesecond.HejuststoodtheresayingoverandoveragaiI’m.I’mo.Isgoprotectyoudreferringtordaughter.”Mrs.Clintonsaysshehopesthatpeoplewillreadthebookformorethanintimatedetailsofhertroubledmarriage.“It’saprettylongit’saboutmylife，andit’saboutalloftheissuesthatI’veworkedon，particularlyonbehalfofwomenandchildren，andthingsthatI’yecaredaboutliterallysinceIwasalittlegirl,”shesaid.“Ithinkitwillgivepeoplemore insightand，perhaps，answerquestions.It’salsomystory.”PublisherSimon&SchusterpaidSenatorClinton$8millionforthe560book，andhasorderedanunusuallylargefirstprintingofone-millioncopies.Publishingrightstothealreadyhavebeensoldin16countries.WhatappealstothereadersmostinthebookLivingHistoryaccordingtothepassage?Hilary’seightyearsintheWhiteHouse.Hilary’stroubledmarriage.TheissuesthatHilaryhaveworkedon.Hilary’slifeasasenator.Theword“notorious”4，Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto .A)well-known B)unheard-ofC)surprising D)amusingWhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeHilary’sreactionwhenMr.ClintontoldherhisinappropriaterelationshipwithMissLewinsky?A)Indifferent. B)Calm.C)Angry. D)Astonished.WhatisHilary’scommentonherownbook?Itismorethaninteresting.Itcanmeettheneedofpeopletoknowaboutother’sintimacy.ItisanacademicbookThelanguageofthebookisbeautiful.WhatCANNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?LivingHistoryisexpectedtosellwell.LivingHistorywillbepublishedbeyondAmerica.Mrs.ClintoniswellpaidforthebookLivingHistory.Mr.Clintonisaresponsiblehusband.passage5Thehumanformofmadcowdisease，anincurable，brain-wastingillnessthat’skilledmorethan100peopleinBritain，hasclaimeditsfirstCanadianvictim.CanadianhealthofficialsconfirmedThursdaythattheunidentifiedmandiedsometimethissummer.ThelivedinthewesternprovinceofSaskatchewan，contractedthediseasefromeatingcontaminatedwhiletravelinginBritain.Dr.AntonioGiulivi，anofficialwiththegovernmentagencyHealthCanada，quicklymovedtocalmfearsbyassuringthepublicthediseasehadnotenteredtheCanadianfoodsupply.Thevariantofthecow-killingillness，knownasCreutzfeldt-Jakobdisease，isbelievedtobecausedwhengroundpartsofdiseasedcattlearemixedintocattlefeedandthosecowsareturnedintoprocessedmeatsforhumanconsumption.Thoughthediseasecannotbeconfirmeduntilanautopsyisperformedonthedeadbrain，symptomsofhumaninfectionincludeuncontrolledshaking，dementiaandfinallyparalysis.ButwhilegovernmentofficialsinsistedsafeguardsareinplacetokeepthediseaseoutofCanadianmeat，warningswereissuedto71patientsatthehospitalwheretheinfectedmanwastreatedbeforehisillnesswasidentified.Thosepatientshadbeentreatedwiththesame instrumentsusedonthediseasedman.Thoughtheinstrumentswerecleanedanddisinfected，officialssaidatheoreticalpossibilityremainsthatthosepeoplecouldhavebeeninfected.NewsofthedeathinitiallysentCanadianrestaurantstocksintoatailspin ，butmostofrecoveredbytheendofthetradingsession.WhereistheCanadiansupposedtocontactmadcowdisease?A)InSaskatchewan. B)InBritain.C)InCanada. D)Notmentioned.Whichpartofthebodydoesthemadcowdiseasemainlyaffect?A)Hands. B)Legs.C)Brain. D)Liver.WhydidtheCanadiangovernmentissuewarningsto71patients?TheyeverusedthesamemedicalinstrumentswiththefirstCanadianvictim.TheywereintimaterelativesofthefirstCanadianvictim.TheyhadevertraveledtoBritain.Theyweresupposedtohavecontactedmadcowdisease.WhatdidHealthCanadadoafterthemadcowdiseaseinfectedaCanadian?HealthCanadaconcealedthetruthbyallmeans.HealthCanadatriedtoremovepublicfear.HealthCanadasucceededincuringthevictim.HealthCanadatriedtofindwaystocurethedisease.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ThenewsofthemadcowdiseasedeathhasnoeffectonCanadianeconomy.Wecandecidewhetherapersoncontractmadcowdiseasebythesymptomsofuncontrolledshaking，dementiaandparalysis.SomecowsinCanadacontractedmadcowdisease.Themadcowdiseaseisnotcompletelyknowntothescientistsyet.Passage6AUnitedNationsreportissoundinganalarmonthestateoftheearth’snaturalresources，inadvanceofthismonth’sU.N.-sponsoredsustainabledevelopmentsummitinJohannesburg.Thereportsayssealevelsroseandforestsweredestroyedatunprecedentedratesduringthelastdecade.Itnotesthatmorethan40percentoftheworld’spopulation—twobillionpeoplenowfacewatershortages.Anditpredictsthatwiththeglobalpopulationexpectedtoincreasefromsixbilliontoeightbillionpeopleoverthenext25environmentalstressisexpected.U.N.UndersecretaryGeneralNitinDesaisaysthemostimportantmessageinthereportisthattheworld’senvironmentalcrisesareinterrelated.Asancitesthe“AsianBrownCloud,”a“poisonouscocktail”ofparticulatevariousaerosolscurrentlyhangingoveravastareaofsoutheastAsia.“Hereyouhaveasituationwhicharisesbecauseoftheunsustainablewayenergyisusedinthisisleadingtotheseproblemswhichimpactonhealth,”saidMr.Desai.“Ifyoureallywanttoaddresswater，agricultureandhealth，youhavetoaddressenergy.Youcan’treducepovertyunlessyoualsoaddresslandandwater.Youcan’timprovechildren’shealthwithoutaddressingwaterandsanitationandairquality.”Mr.Desai，whowillleadtheEarthSummit，saysthatgovernmentsmustformspecificpartnershipstoreducethreatsinfiveareas：water，energy，agriculture，biodiversityandhealth.WhenistheU.N.reportmentionedinthepassagereleased?Atthesustainabledevelopmentsummit.BeforetheEarthSummit.Afterthesustainabledevelopmentsummit.Lastyear.“AsianBrownCloud”isusedasanexampletoshowthat environmentalprotectionneedscooperation.Asiaisthemostpollutedareaintheworld.airpollutioninAsiaisveryersarewarnednottovisitAsia.Whatresultsintheproblemsconcerningagriculture，waterandhealthaccordingtothepassage?Therisingsealevel.Theconflictsaroundtheworld.Theimprovedlivingstandard.Theunsustainablewayenergyisused.Whatdoestheword“address”(Line3)mean?A)Speakto. B)Makeaformalspeechto.C)Dealwith. D)Makeuseof.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Naturalresourceshortagewillbeagreatprobleminthefuture.Povertycanbereducedbyincreasingproduction.Sustainabledevelopmentisimpossible.SoutheastAsiaisthemostpollutedareaintheworld.Passage7TheUniversityofChicagoisainstitutionofhigherlearningandresearch.ItislocatedinthecommunityofHydeculturallyrichandethnicallydiverseneighborhood，sevenmilessouthofdowntownChicago.TheUniversitywasfoundedbyJohnD.Rockefeller.WilliamRaineyHarperwasitsfirstpresident.ClassesbeganonOctoberanenrollmentof594studentsandafacultyof103，includingeightformercollegepresidents.In1930theundergraduateCollegeandthegraduatedivisionswerecreated.Suchcross-fertilizationcontinuestocharacterizetheUniversity.CandidatesforadmissiontograduateprogramsinthedivisionsattheUniversityofChicagoshouldaddresstheirinquiries，includingrequestsforapplicationforms，tothedeanofstudentsofthegraduatedivisiontowhichapplicationisbeingmade.Anapplicantwhoholdsadegreefromanaccreditedinstitutionisconsideredforadmissiononthebasisof(1)anundergraduaterecord，(2)awell-organizedplanforgraduatestudy，(3)GraduateRecordExamination(GRE)andTOEFLscores，whererequired，and(4)recommendationsfromthreecollegefacultymembersacquaintedwiththecharacter，ability，potentiaqualificationandmotivationofheapplicant.Personswhohavebeenawayfromschoolforseveralyearsmaysubmitrecommendationsfromemployers，professionalassociates，orsupervisors.Transcriptsofallacademicworkshouldbesubmittedwiththeapplicationifatallpossible；theapplicantshouldrequesteachinstitutionattendedtoprovideanofficialtranscriptinasettledenvelope.I.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraph?OnlyboyswereadmittedwhentheUniversityofChicagowasfounded.TheUniversityofChicagoismainlyfinancedbythegovernment.TheUniversityofChicagoislocatedinthesuburbofacity.ThepeopleofSouthKenwoodhavesimilarculturaltradition.TheUniversityofChicagohaslongbeencharacterizedby A)itscross-fertilization B)itslonghistoryC)itsexcellentteachingstaff D)itsbeautifulcampusWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?ThefounderoftheUniversityofChicagoisalsoitsfirstpresident.TheUniversityofChicagobegantoenrollgraduatessinceitsfoundation.Someofitsfirstgraduatesorteachersbecamethepresidentsofitsseveralcolleges.TheUniversityofChicagohasalwaysbeenreluctanttoenrollstudentsfromotheruniversitiesinitsgraduateprograms.TowhomshouldtheapplicationformfortheadmissiontothegraduateprogramsoftheUniversityofChicagobeaddressed?Thedeanofstudentsofitsgraduatedivision.Thepresidentoftheuniversity.Theconcerningprofessor.AnyteachersintheuniversityWhatisNOTarequirementforagraduatewhowantstobeadmittedinthegraduateprogramsintheUniversityofChicago?A)Anundergraduaterecord. B)GREscores.C)Adetailedplanforgraduatestudy. D)Anationalexamination.Passage8Internetuseappearstocauseadeclineinpsychologicalwell-being，accordingtoresearchatCarnegieMellonUniversity.EvenpeoplewhospentjustafewhoursaweekontheInternetexperiencedmoredepressionandlonelinessthanthosewhologgedonlessfrequently，thetwo-yearstudyshowed.Anditwasn’tthatpeoplewhowerealreadyfeelingbadspentmoretimeontheInternet，butthatusingtheNetactuallyappearedtocausethebadfeelings.Researchersarepuzzlingoverthewerecompletecontrarytotheirexpectations.TheyexpectedthattheNetwouldprovesociallyhealthierthantelevision ，sincetheNetallowsuserstochoosetheirinformationandtocommunicatewithothers.ThefactthatInternetusereducestimeavailableforfamilyandfriendsmayaccountforthedropinwell-being，researchershypothesized.Faceless，bodiless“virtual”communicationmaybelesspsychologicallysatisfyingthanactualconversation，andtherelationshipsformedthroughitmaybeshallower.AnotherpossibilityisthatexposurethewiderworldviatheNetmakesuserslesssatisfiedwiththeirlives.“Butit’simportanttorememberthisisnotaboutthetechnologyperse；it’sabouthowitisused,”sayspsychologistChristineRileyofIntel，oneofthestudy’ssponsors.“Itreallypointsheneedforconsideringsocialfactorsintermsofhowyoudesignapplicationsandservicesfortechnology.”Theword“well-being”(Line1，Para.1)isclosestinmeaningtoA)trouble B)health C)depression D)excitementWhatistheintendedconclusionoftheresearchconductedbyCarnegie?Internetusemayleadtomentaldissatisfaction.Internetuseissuretocauseadeclineinmentalwell-being.PeoplewhospendjustafewhoursontheInternetwillbehappier.PeoplewhouseTVarelesssociallyhealthierthanthosewhousetheInternet.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTexplaintheresultoftheresearchaccordingtothepassage?Internetusersmayspendlesstimewiththeirfamilyandfriends.The“virtual”communicationmaybelesspsychologicallysatisfying.Internetusersmaybelesssatisfiedwiththeirlives.InternetusersmaketoomanyfriendsthroughtheInternet.Whatlessonsmaybedrawnfromtheresultoftheresearch?WeshouldnothavedevelopedtheInternettechnology.WeshouldchangethewayweusetheInternet.WeneedInternettechnologyverymuch.TVismoreusefulthantheInternet.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?ThePopularityofInternetUse.TheHistoryofInternetUse.TheHarmofInternetUse.TheFastDevelopmentofInternetUse.Passage9Thecomputervirusisanoutcomeofthecomputerovergrowthinthe1980s.Thecauseoftheterm“computervirus”isthelikenessbetweenthebiologicalvirusandtheevilprograminfectedwithcomputers.TheoriginofthistermcamefromanAmericansciencefiction TheAdolescenceofP-1writtenbyThomasJ.in1977.Humanvirusesinvadealivingcellandturnitintoafactoryformanufacturingviruses.However，computervirusesaresmallprograms.Theyreplicatebyattachingacopyofthemselvestoanotherprogram.OnceattachedtomehostProgram，thevirusesthenlookforotherprogramsto“infect”.Inthisway，theviruscanspreadquicklythroughoutaharddiskoranentireorganizationwhenitinfectsaLANoramulti-usersystem.Atsomepoint，determinedbyhowtheviruswasprogrammedthevirusattacks.Thetimingoftheattackcanbelinkedtoanumberofsituations，includingacertaintimeordate，thepresenceofaparticularfile，thesecurityprivilegeleveloftheuser，andthenumberoftimesafileisused.Likewise，themodeofattackvaries.So-called“benign”virusesmightsimplydisplayamessage，liketheonethatinfectedIBM’smaincomputersystemlastChristmaswithaseason’sgreeting.Malignantvirusesaredesignedtodamagethesystem.Theattackistowipeoutdeletefiles，ortoformattheharddisk.Whatresultsinthewidespreadofcomputervirusesaccordingtothepassage?Theovergrowthofcomputer.Thelikenessbetweenthebiologicalvirusandevilprogram.TheAmericansciencefictionTheAdolescenceofP-ITheweakmanagementofthegovernment.Whatiscomputervirusinfact?Akindofbiologicalvirus.Akindofevilprogram.Akindofbiologicalworm.Somethingthatonlyexistsinthefictions.Whatusuallydeterminesthevarietyofthevirusattacks?Thetimetheattackismade.Thepresenceofaparticularfile.Thesecurityprivilegeleveloftheuser.Thedifferentwaystheviruswasprogrammed.Whatistheharmof“benign”virusesaccordingtothepassage?“Benign”virusmightwipeoutdatafromthecomputer.“Benign”virusmightdeletefiles.“Benign”virusmightdisplayamessage.“Benign”virusm