2023初高英语衔接讲义第10讲- 非谓语动词（学生版+解析版）

1、第10讲非谓语动词1、定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动 名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词只有一种形式）。非谓语动词的否认式都是在其前直接加noto2、非谓语动词的各种时态形式：非谓语动词一般式完成式进行时不定式主动式to do主动式to have doneto be doing被动式to be done被动式to have been done动名词/现在分词主动式doing主动式having doneX被动式being done被动式having been done过去分词donedoneX单谓语或动词短语:H

2、e works.He takes care of the baby.情态动词/助动词+v.：He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.系动词+表语：You are students.You look smart.3、非谓语动词使用的条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（即有谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时，这些动 词就充当了非谓语动词。如：She had water delivered to her house.We noticed him enter the building

3、.4、非谓语动词的形式：to do不定式V-ing：(2021 .新疆.疏附县第二中学高一开学考试)阅读以下材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的 正确形式。About six years ago I began my job as an IT consultant(顾问).I had always been quite good with computers. It was a great move for me, as I quickly learned a ton. Every day was fun. It was one of the best and most challe

4、nging jobs I had ever had.When 2 (think) of a few years ahead, I realized that things started to taper(逐渐变窄). I wasnt learning as much as before. I felt a desire to try something different. But I couldnt get up the courage to make any moves. I(pay) very well; I had a lot of freedom, and great benefi

5、ts. I had grown comfortable and 1 had been(accustom) to an easy life.Last year things came to a head(达至U紧急关头), I was having a 5 (particular) stressful month,(overload) with work that was neither challenging nor interesting. I had enough. I 7 (reach) out to my boss and let him know about my idea. We

6、had a meeting about my personal 8 (decide). He didnt want to lose me. He addressed my concerns and we agreed that I could change my job and begin working on some new internal (内部的)organizational systems. 1 decided to give this new role a chance.Now, a year after my role change, not much is different

7、. Senior staff did not adopt 9 new systems I built. The work is still uninspiring and unchallenging. Change can be very difficult for some and after spending time trying to carry out new solutions, Ive realized that you simply cant change other people if they dont want it.Ive again quit my job. I ne

8、ed a greater challenge. Tve learned a lot 10 my quitting experience.Test 2(2020.江苏启东中学高一开学考试)阅读下面材料，在空白填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正 确形式。The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it 11 hundreds of years ago, 12 it has bro

9、ught new problems. One of the 13 (big) is pollution. Pollution comes in many 14 (form). We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious 15 there were not so many people. When the land

10、 16 (use) up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now 17 (slow) polluting the whole world.Air pollution is still the most serious. Its bad fbr all living things in the world. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water

11、. Noise pollution 18 (make) us angry more easily.Many countries are making rules 19 (fight) pollution. They stop people from 20 (burn) coal in houses and the factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.真题初体验(2019全国HI卷)On our way to the house, it was raining 61 hard that we could

12、nt help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their exper

13、iences and 65 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting(compete) to watch, together with the sto

14、ry behind it. They also shared with us many 67(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were 68 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting

15、locals.(2019北京卷)A阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1 (voice) my biggest concern to my mother. How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. Be yourself. For the past 20 years, I h

16、ave lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2 (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to 3(I) the two simple words “Be yourselfB阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Earth Day, 4 (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming t

17、o raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 51970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countriesand regions(地区).No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 6 (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally gr

18、own vegetables, or save powerthe possibilities are endless.C阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词 空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question 7 (suggest) that, for most students, it doesnt. What students do at college seems to matter much

19、more than 8 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源).Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too

20、 early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 (meaning) college experience.第10讲非谓语动词1、定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词只有一种形式）。非谓语动词的否认式都是在其前直接加noto2、非谓语动词的各种时态形式：非谓语动词一般式完成式进行时不定式主动式to do主动式to have doneto be doing被动式to be done被动式to have been don

21、e动名词/现在分词主动式doing主动式having doneX被动式being done被动式having been done过去分词donedoneX单谓语或动词短语:He works.He takes care of the baby.情态动词/助动词+v.：He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.系动词+表语：You are students.You look smart.3、非谓语动词使用的条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（即有谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时，

22、这些动 词就充当了非谓语动词。如：She had water delivered to her house.We noticed him enter the building.4、非谓语动词的形式：to do不定式V-ing：作为一个名词使用，称为动名词；作为一个形容词或副词使用，称为现在分词;V-ed过去分词一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语.不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。如：She was surprised to see Jim walk in.看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强

23、调目的性在不定式前可以加上in order so as。如：To succeed, one must first of all believe in himselfIn order to keep warm we shut all the windows.(3)不定式表结果，常用在tooto; enough.to结构中。有时不定式前加上only,表示出人意料的结果。如:The child is old enough to dress himself.We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.The hus

24、band left his wife never to return.有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。如：I have never seen such a person,to tell you the truthTo cut a long story short we disagree.长话短说，我们不同意。2现做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时 间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。如：Hearing the n

25、ews, they all jumped for joy.Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.作原因状语。如：Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning.作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。如：The fire lasted a whole night causing great damage.作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。如.Following Tom, we start

26、ed to climb.She came riding a brand-new bike.现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。如：Jane kept silent trying not to show her feelings.作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，说明说话者的态度、观 点等。常见的有：Generally speaking 一般说来strictly speaking 严格说来roughly speaking 大致说来 narrowly speaking 狭义上说judging from/by 由判断Judging

27、from her accent she must come from Australia.3.过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。如：Asked about his address, the boy didnt respond.Seen from the hill the city looks magnificent.作原因状语，常置于句首。如：Infected with the H1N1 the little boy was separated from the other children作条件状

28、语。如：United, we stand; divided, we fall 合那么立,分那么败。(4)作伴随或方式状语。如：The pop star hurried up to her car,followed by her fans.二、不定式与动名词做宾语：1 .以下动词后常跟不定式做宾语：want,wish hope, expect, ask, afford, agree,choose, pretend,decide,happen,learnoffer,refuse, fail, plan, prepare,order,manage,promise,intend 等。如：He agre

29、ed to get someone to help us.They promised not to break the school rules again有以下口诀和顺口溜供参考使用：决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事，迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事想要干：want, wish, hope, expect, seek, attempt, aim, desire, swear,claim,would like/love早打算:plan, intend, prepare, mean, arrange同意否：agree, promise, undertake, offer, choose,

30、refuse, afford问问看:ask(asktodo要求做)，beg决定了：decide, determine, be determined,make up ones mind尽力干：try, manage(反义词 fail), attempt, struggle, strive愿等:beunwilling, (cant)wait别 装蒜:pretend*说明:口诀内的动词后跟不定式，几乎都有将来意味。2在以下动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语：admit, advise,allow, avoid,bear,cannot help,consider,delay,enjoy,finish ,

31、give up, imagineinclude, keep, keep on,mind,miss,put off,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand ,insist on, be busy, be worth,feel like,cant stand, be/get/become used to,be equal to,devote.to,get down to,look forward to,object to, stick to. take to, see to,lead to,pay attention to 等。考虑建议盼望原谅 cons

32、ider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon成认推迟去设想 admit, delay/put of17postpone,fancy防止错过继续练 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice否认完成去欣赏deny, finish, 叩preciate禁止想象去冒险forbid, imagine, risk不禁介意准逃亡 cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape难以忍受始反对 cant stand, set about, object to想要成功坚持忙 feel like,

33、succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy/occupied(in).习惯放弃有困难 be used/accustomed to, give up,have difficulty /trouble (in).导致专心防抱歉 lead to, be devoted to, prevent/stop/keep.from,apologize(to sb.) for喜欢花费忍不住 enjoy, spend(time/money). .can,t help介词+doing:be good/expert at doing sth 擅长做某事be interested i

34、n doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing sth.坚持做某事 thank sb. for doing sth.谢谢某人做某事be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事put off doing sth.推迟做某事stop sb.from doing sth阻止某人做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事without doing sth.没有做某事think about doing sth.考虑做某事 What/How about doing 做某事怎么样？look forward

35、to doing sth（盼望） pay attention to doing sth.（注意）be used to doing sth.（习 惯于）prefer doing sth to doing sth （更喜欢）devote oneself to doing sth（致力于）make a contribution to doing sth（做贡献）注意:既可以接t。do也可以接doing但区别很大的情况：口诀：一t己 remember 二忘 forget 三遗憾 regret 四试 try五图 mean 六停止stop,还有canthelp 和go onremember/ forget

36、 （to do）要做（doing）做过stop, go on（to do）两件事（doing）一件事try to do尽力做 try doing尝试做like/hate/love to do 一次,性 like/hate/love doing 长期Mean todo打算做什么，企图做什么mean doing意味着cant help to do不能帮助做什么can1 thelp doing情不自禁做什么如：They stop to smoke.他们停下来吸烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。Although maths is difficult, I will try to

37、 study it.（try to do sth 尽力做某事）The machine couldnt work.Lets try repairing it.（try doing sth.试着做某事）三、不定式与动名词做主语：动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。如:Climbing mountains is great fun-To visit China is my next goal不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。如It took me only five minutes to finish the job（4）

38、动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。常见于以下句型中：Ifs use/ good /fun doingIts usefiil/nice/ useless doing四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语1表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。如：My hobby is collecting/to collect ancient coins.2假设表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。如：My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.3现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征，也可以作为形容词。

39、但要注意二者的区别:现在分词表主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情。如：The party was very exciting.They were very excited at the news.五、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语1不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。如:The train to arrive is from London.He is always the first to come and the last to leave.名词做定语往往说明所修

40、饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：a washing machine（动名词做定语，=a machine which is used for washing）洗衣机a reading room（动名词做定语，=a room which is used for reading）阅览室.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去分词作定语那么表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词或形 容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词的后面。如：the rising sun（现在分词做定语，=the sun which is rising）正在升起的太阳the chang

41、ing world（现在分词做定语，=the world which is changing）变化中的世界a moving movie感人的电影excited voice激动的声音（形容词性分词作定语）A broken cup 一个破了的杯子（过去分词作定语那么表示被动、或完成）六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语1接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：请求命令与禁止;想要邀请期待鼓励与建议；容许告诫允许提醒和帮助;打算教导说服与强迫驱使。ask/beg sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 ordei7command sb to do sth.命令某人做某事forbid sb.to do s

42、th.禁止某人做某事want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事invite sb.to do sth邀请某人做某事expect sb to do sth.期待某人做某encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事advise sb to do sth.建议某人做某事promise sb.to do sth容许某人做某事warn sb to do sth告诫某人做某事allow/permit sb.to do sth允许某人做某事remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事help sb.（to） do sth.帮助某人做某事 mean/intend sb to d

43、o sth打算让某人做某事teach/train sb to sth教/训I练某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth说服某人去做某事force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事drive sb to do sth.驱使某人做某事动和使役动词， 如 see, watch, hear,feel,notice,observe,look at,listen to, let, have, make, keep, get 等后常 跟不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。（被动语态中不能省去to）o如：We noticed him enter the house.The

44、 boss made them work twelve hours a day 省略 to 的情况：使役动词和感官动词后:一感二听三让四看feel/hear,listen to/let, make, have/look at, see, watch,noticehad better（not） do sth.最好（不）做Why notAVhy dont you do sth.为什么不做? help sb.（to） do sth.would rather do sth.宁愿做would you please do sth.情态动词/助动词+do.现在分词做补足语分两种情况：形容词性质的现在分词作补

45、足语。如：I find the book very interesting我发现这本书非常有趣。（宾语补足语）The boy is found very annoying.发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。（主语补足语）（2）动词性质的现在分词作补足语:感官动词和使役动词，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice,observe,look at,listen to,let, have make, keep, get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事。如: I see him passing by a bank我看见他正经过一家银行。（宾语补足语）He

46、 was seen working in the garden有人看见他正在花园里干活。（主语补足语）（3）感官动词see,watch,look at notice,hear listen to,feel+do表示动作的完整性;+doing表示动作的进行性。.过去分词（done）做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻 辑主语。假设是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已经完成（即先于谓语作为一个名词使用，称为动名词；作为一个形容词或副词使用，称为现在分词;3) V-ed过去分词一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语.不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结

47、果、原因以及评论性状语。不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。如：She was surprised to see Jim walk in.看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性在不定式前可以加上in order so as。如：To succeed, one must first of all believe in himselfIn order to keep warm we shut all the windows.(3)不定式表结果，常用在tooto; enough.。结构中。有时不定式前加上only,表示出人意料的结果。如:The c

48、hild is old enough to dress himself.We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.The husband left his wife never to return.有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。如：I have never seen such a person,to tell you the truthTo cut a long story short we disagree.长话短说，我们不同意。2现做状语可

49、表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时 间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。如：Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.作原因状语。如：Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning.作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造

50、成的结果。如：The fire lasted a whole night causing great damage.作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。如.Following Tom, we started to climb.动词)。假设是不及物动词的过去分词，那么只表示完成。句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。The boss found his plan carried out successfully.The boy was found lost in the forest.Have you heard this song sung in Japanese

51、?(宾补)This song is often heard sung everywhere in China.(主补)检测训练基础过关一、用单词的适当形式完成句子At the well-known research center, they have a number of laboratories with each room(equip) with computers.【答案】equipped【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在著名的研究中心，他们有许多实验室，每个房间都配备了电脑。分析 句子结构可知，此处是with复合结构,room与equip是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词，表被动。故填equ

52、ipped。. Can you show me any word(begin) with the letter L”?【答案】beginning【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你能给我看一个以“L”开头的单词吗？分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓 语动词，在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词word；所填词与该名词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。 故填 beginningo. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially(design) to help them succeed academically.【答案】desig

53、ned【解析】考查非谓语动。句意：大多数大学现在都为一年级学生开设一门专门为帮助他们在学业上取得成 功而设计的课程。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词course；所 填词与该名词之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填designed。The thief had himself(spot) by the police when he was trying to break into the hotel.【答案】spotted【解析考查非谓语动词。句意：小偷企图闯入旅馆时被警察发现了。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词spot“发 现”和himself之间是被动关

54、系，故用其过去分词作宾补。故填spotted。. Do you know the girl(dress) in a red sweater?【答案】dressed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你认识那个穿红色毛衣的女孩吗？此处为非谓语，dress作动词时，意为 “(给)穿衣服”，和名词girl之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填dressed。Where do you intend (go) this winter?【答案】to go【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年冬天你打算去哪里？ intend to do sth.“打算做某事”是习惯用法，不定 式作宾语。故填to go。The

55、 old teacher was(钦佩)for his devotion to his education cause.【答案】admired【解析】考查非谓语。句意：那位老教师因为献身于他的教育事业而被钦佩。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“钦佩”对应的动词的过去分词形式做表语，表示被动的意思。故填admired。Before(sign) up for online classes, take a few minutes to interview the school of your choice.【答案】signing【解析】考查动名词。句意：在报名参加网上课程之前，花几分钟时间私下里咨询

56、一下你选择的学校。分 析可知本句中Before是介词，因此空格处填动名词作宾语。故填signing。I can smell something(burn) in the kitchen.【答案】burnt【解析】考查过去分词。句意：我能闻见厨房里某种东西被烧着了。空格处是宾补，由于它与宾语something 是被动关系，因此要用过去分词。故填burnt。We can hear the children(laugh) in the room at present.【答案】laughing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们目前能听见孩子们在房间里笑。空格处是宾补，the children与laug

57、h 在逻辑上是主动关系，因此要用现在分词。故填laughing。That little boy is meant(be) a doctor in the future.【答案】to be【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个小男孩将来注定要当医生。be meant to do是固定短语，习惯用法，意为“由命运、能力、天资等所“注定”或者由父母决定。故填to be。The fashion world just keeps(recycle) old ideas.【答案】recycling【解析】考查动名词。句意：时装界就是不停地翻新旧观念。空格处是宾语，根据ke叩doing(保持做某事) 可知空格处填

58、recyclingoTo become an astronaut in China,you have to have 1,350 hours of(fly) experience.【答案】flying【解析】考查动名词。句意：在中国，你要想成为宇航员，就要有1,350 hours的飞行经历。空格处是定语， 修饰名词experience要用动名词。故填flying。He is used to(take) cold baths in winter.【答案】taking【解析】考查动名词。句意：他习惯于在冬天冲冷水澡。根据be used to(习惯于)可知to是介词，因此空格 处要填动名词。故填ta

59、king。She apologised to me and admitted(take) my umbrella by mistake.【答案】taking#having taken【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她向我抱歉，成认误拿了我的雨伞。根据admit doing(成认做过某事)可 知，空格处可以填taking；由于take的动作发生在主句apologised之前，因此还可以用having done。故填 taking/having taken oThe famous expert adapted his speech(suit) the interests of his audienc

60、e.【答案】to suit【解析】考查动词的固定用法。句意：那位著名的专家调整了他的演讲以适应听众的兴趣。ad叩Jto为固 定搭配,意为“适应”。故填to suit。Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries(recognise) its role in international affairs.【答案】recognising【解析】考查with的复合结构。句意：随着更多的国家认可中国在国际事务中的作用，中国的形象正在稳 步提高。此处是“with+宾语+宾补: 空格处是宾补，由于recognise与宾语countries是主