第二讲：构词法

1、Review: Give examplesMorphemesFree BoundBound rootAffixes Inflectional Derivational Prefix Suffix Allomorph An allomorph(词素变体) is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. The morpheme of plurality -s: /s/ after the sounds /t, p, k/; /z/ after /d, b, g, l

2、/; /iz/ after /s, z, /go: went, goneA prefix like im- occurs before p, b, or m (immobile); its allomorphs are ir- before r (irregular); il- before l (illegal); in- before all other consonants and vowels (inflexible).Prefix: in- Exercise perfectconsideratebalancematureresponsible legibleimperfectinco

3、nsiderateimbalanceimmatureirresponsibleillegibleReview: check the terms according to the definitionsA minimal meaningful unit of a languagemorphemeA morpheme that occurs with at least one other morphemebound morphemeA morpheme that can stand alonefree morphemeA morpheme attached to a root or a worda

4、ffixAn affix that indicates grammatical relationshipsInflectional affixAn affix that forms new words with a root or a wordDerivational affixWhat remains of a word after the removal of all affixesrootHomework P221）写出下列定义所表示的名称。2）写出下列各组单词共同的粘着词根，并指出其词源及语义。English LexicologyPart II：Morphology (Word For

5、mation)By Psyche8Compounding: 27%Derivation/Affixation: 17.5%Conversion: 10.5%Shortening (Clippings, Initials, Acronyms) : 9%Blending: 混成法/拼缀法 6%back-formation 逆生法 1%Major ways of word formationCompounding P38Composition or compounding is a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more ba

6、ses to form a new unit, that is, a compound. woman, Sunday, Monday, daisy, garlicSilkworm, honeymoon (solid)Honey-bee, town-planning (hyphenated)Tear gas (open)How to identify a compound compound phrasegreenhousegreen housegreenroomgreen roomgreenbackgreen backsemantic unityRed meatMother witDog day

7、sHot dogIndian paperHow to identify a compoundgrammatical unitybad mouthHe bad mouthed me.New-born , three-year-old compound phraseFine artfiner artRed tapereddest tapeHot linehotter linessHow to identify a compoundPhonetic stress compound phraseA fatheada fat headA darkrooma dark roomA black horsea

8、 black horseA grandpianoa grand pianoTypes of compoundsNoun compoundsAdjective compoundsVerb compounds Noun compoundsAdj+N: Easy chair, deadlineN+N: end product, Dream Team, lip serviceV+N: crybaby, swearwordVing+N: cleaning lady, floating bridgeV+Adv: sit-in, have-notVing+adv: going-over, carryings

9、-onAdjective compoundsWeather-beaten rocks peaceloving peopleeverlasting friendship a hen-pecked husband a made-up storyan on the spot inspection taxfree products fire-proof dressYou can make up compounds in writing!a see-through shirta too-eager-not-to-lose championa you-can-trust-me looka cant-be-

10、put-down booka never-to-be-forgotten eventhis higher-than-average wagesthe jumping-onto-the-chair-at -the-sight-of -a-mouse catVerb compoundsFormed by back-formationhouse-keepfrom housekeeper windowshop from window-shopping Mass-produce from mass productionchainsmokefrom Chain smokerVerb compoundsFormed by conversionto blue-printto cold-shoulderto honeymoonto sweet-talkto nicknameVerb compounds make writing vivid!He sweet-talked her into not being so sore.Leave all that out and remember only that Hugh Hefiner is a man who chai