英语专业综合教程Unitwhat-is-happ课件

1、Unit9Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 1Audiovisual supplementCultural informationWatch the video and answer the following questions.1. What happened to Chris? 2. Do you have the experience that you struggled so hard to achieve something, and at last you made it? It was the last day of

2、 Chris internship at a prestigious stock brokerage firm. At last he got the job as a broker. This could change his life. So after meeting the managers, Chris got his happiness.Open. Pre-reading Activities - Audiovisual supplement 2Audiovisual supplementCultural informationVideo Script1Audiovisual su

3、pplementCultural informationChris:Mr. Frohm:Chris:Jay:Chris:Mr. Frohm:Chris:Mr. Frohm:Mr. Frohm, good to see you.Nice shirt.Thank you, sir.Chris.Hey, Jay.Chris, sit down, please.I thought Id wear a shirt today. You know, being the last day and all.Well, thank you. Thank you. We appreciate that. But

4、. wear one tomorrow though, okay? Because tomorrows going to be your first day. If youd like to work here as a broker. Would you like that, Chris?Video Script2Chris: Mr. Frohm: Chris:Mr. Frohm: Chris:Mr. Frohm: Chris:Voiceover:Yes, sir.Good. We couldnt be happier. So welcome. Was it as easy as it lo

5、oked?No, sir. No, sir, it wasnt.Good luck, Chris.Thank you. Thank you.Oh, Chris. I almost forgot. Thank you.This part of my life . this little part . is called “happiness.”Audiovisual supplementCultural informationCultural information 1Audiovisual supplementCultural informationHappiness lies not in

6、the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. Franklin Roosevelt1. QuoteCultural information 2Audiovisual supplementCultural information2. The Pursuit of HappinessThe Pursuit of Happiness is a 2006 American biographical film directed by Gabriele M

7、uccino about the on-and-off-homeless salesman-turned stockbroker Chris Gardner. The screenplay by Steven Conrad is based on the best-selling memoir of the same name written by Chris Gardner with Quincy Troupe. The film was released on December 15, 2006, by Columbia Pictures.Cultural information 3Aud

8、iovisual supplementCultural informationChris Gardner is a bright and talented, but marginally employed salesman. Struggling to make ends meet, Gardner finds himself and his five-year-old son evicted from their San Francisco apartment with nowhere to go. When Gardner lands an internship at a prestigi

9、ous stock brokerage firm, he and his son endure many hardships, including living in shelters, in pursuit of his dream of a better life for the two of them.Global Reading - Text analysisStructural analysisText analysis1. Whats the authors answer to the question “What is happiness”?According to the au

10、thor, happiness lies in the idea of becoming, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing.Structural analysisText analysis2. Whats the authors purpose of writing? To attempt a definition of happiness by setting some extremes to the idea and then working in toward the middle

11、.Global Reading - Text analysisStructural analysis 1ParagraphsMain idea1-23-7The author points out that when we are not sure what happiness is, wetend to be misled by the idea that we can buy our way to it.The author offers a number of examples to show how this misconception of happiness gives rise

12、to the “happiness-market” in a highly commercialized society (the United States).Divide the text into parts by completing the table.Text analysisStructural analysisStructural analysis 2Main ideaStructural analysisParagraphsMain idea8-910The author suggests striking a balance between what Thoreau cal

13、led the low levels and the high levels.The author gives his understanding of happiness, in the light of the Founding Fathers belief that it is “in the idea of becoming”.1 The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite sure which way it runs

14、. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to think so when he attacked the idea of happiness as “the possession of being well-deceived,” the felicity of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift saw society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.What Is Hap

15、piness?Detailed reading1Detailed readingJohn Ciardi(abridged)2 It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.3 And at the same time the f

16、orces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them and to create them faster than any mans budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is

17、based on a dedicated insatiability. Detailed reading2Detailed readingDetailed reading3We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want. We are even told it is our duty to want. It was only a few years ago, to cite a single example, that car dealers across the country were f

18、lying banners that read “You Auto Buy Now.” They were calling upon Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once, with money they did not have, automobiles they did not really need, and which they would be required to grow tired of by the time the next years models were released. Detai

19、led reading4 Or look at any of the womens magazines. There, as Bernard DeVoto once pointed out, advertising begins as poetry in the front pages and ends as pharmacopoeia and therapy in the back pages. The poetry of the front matter is the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be h

20、ers. These, the flawless teeth. This, the perfumed breath she must exhale. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever.Detailed reading4Detailed reading5 Once past the vaguely uplifting fiction and feature articles, the reader finds the other face of

21、the dream in the back matter. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. These, the chin straps she must sleep in. This is the salve that restores all, this is her laxative, these are the tablets that melt away fat, these are the hormones of per

22、petual youth, these are the stockings that hide varicose veins.Detailed reading5Detailed readingDetailed reading6Detailed reading6 Obviously no half-sane person can be completely persuaded either by such poetry or by such pharmacopoeia and orthopedics. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy the drea

23、m as offered and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers, but what are they trying to buy?7 The idea “happiness,” to be sure, will not sit still for easy definitions: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and

24、then work in toward the middle. To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do to set the materialistic extreme.To think of it as the idea one senses in, say, a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. That holy mans ideal of happiness is in needing nothing from outside

25、himself. In wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. He sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of his own body. Or nearly free of it. If devout admirers bring him food, he eats it; if not, he starves indifferently. Why be concerned? What is physical is an illusion to him. Contemplation is his joy

26、 and he achieves it through a fantastically demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.Detailed reading7Detailed reading8 But, perhaps because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic happiness, as I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market. What is certain is that his

27、way of happiness would be torture to almost any Western man. Yet these extremes will still serve to frame the area within which all of us must find some sort of balance. Thoreau a creature of both Eastern and Western thought had his own firm sense of that balance. His aim was to save on the low leve

28、ls in order to spend on the high.Detailed reading8Detailed reading9 Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his

29、idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Detailed reading9Detailed readingDetailed readi

30、ng1010 Happiness is never more than partial. There are no pure states of mankind. Whatever else happiness may be, it is neither in having nor in being, but in becoming. What the Founding Fathers declared for us as an inherent right, we should do well to remember, was not happiness but the pursuit of

31、 happiness. What they might have underlined, could they have foreseen the happiness-market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming. A nation is not measured by what

32、it possesses or wants to possess, but by what it wants to become.Detailed reading1. What does the author mean when he says “The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates”? Detailed reading1-Quesion 1.1Here the author alludes to the well-known statement in the Dec

33、laration of Independence of the United States of America: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” The sentence means that every

34、one is born with the right to pursue happiness.Detailed readingDetailed reading1-Quesion 1.3Detailed reading2. What do the quoted expressions from Swift mean?Both expressions “the possession of being well deceived” and “a fool among knaves” are used by Swift to describe a conception of happiness, i.

35、e., a state of being deceived. The word “possession” here means “a state of being completely under the influence of an idea or emotion” and in this particular expression “the state of being deceived.” “A fool among knaves” refers to a person who is easily deceived without realizing it.Detailed readi

36、ng1-Quesion 2.1Detailed readingWhy does the author say, “It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves”? Because most Americans take it for granted that pursuing happiness, or buying their way to it is in accordance with American national character.Detailed reading1-Quesion 2.2

37、Detailed readingHow is the car dealers words on the banner “You Auto Buy Now” related with patriotism in Paragraph 3?The word “auto” is homophonous to “ought to,” so the advertisement on the banner can be read as “You Ought to Buy Now,” implying that your act of purchasing a car is an act of patriot

38、ism.Why does the author use the words “poetry” and “dream” to describe the advertisements in womens magazines?Detailed reading1-Quesion 3The author intends to tell the reader that these advertisements present a perfect yet illusionary image which would ultimately create peoples desires. Implicitly,

39、the author suggests that what money can buy is purely a dream of happiness.Detailed readingWhy does the author need to say “because I am Western,” “torture to almost any Western man”? Detailed reading1-Quesion 5Because Western people are supposed to be quite rational and matter-of-fact. The catatoni

40、c happiness the holy man in India believes in is totally incredible and unacceptable to a Westerner.Detailed readingDetailed reading1-Quesion 6Detailed readingHow does the author differentiate the Founding Fathers notion of happiness from the misconception about it?The author explains that the inher

41、ent right the Founding Fathers declared for us is not happiness, but the pursuit of happiness, and happiness is in the pursuit itself.pursue vt. try to achieve somethingDetailed reading1 pursuee.g.He urges all sides in the conflict to pursue peace.We are working together to pursue a common goal.Coll

42、ocation:in the pursuit ofDetailed readinge.g.She showed steadiness and courage in the pursuit of her aims.Derivation:pursuit n.issue vt. to provide sb. with the things they need for a particular actionDetailed reading1 issuee.g.The police in Britain are not usually issued with guns.Visitors are issu

43、ed with identity cards to wear inside the factory.Detailed readingDerivation:issue n.Collocation:issue sth. (to sb.) 将某物发给、供给或分配给某人使用e.g.The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings.Detailed reading1 It may be we are issued 1Detailed readingIt may be we are issued a hunting li

44、cense but offered no game.Explanation:It may be we are given the right of pursuing happiness but we dont know where it is, because maybe there is no happiness as such at all. Note “game” originally refers to a wild animal or bird hunted for sport. Here it is a metaphor for what is being pursued, i.e

45、. happiness. It is roughly equivalent to “false goals” at the end of this paragraph.Detailed reading1 It may be we are issued 2Detailed reading它可能就像：授予了你打猎的许可证却不给你提供打猎的机会。Paraphrase:It may be that you have received the license for hunting but you dont have the chance to hunt.Translation: Detailed re

46、ading1- It isDetailed readingIt is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves.Explanation:As Swift was not an American, his idea of happiness with regard to “fools and knaves” is certainly different from its American interpretation. The following two sentences tell us what the aut

47、hor thinks is Americans idea of happiness.当然，要是你用斯威夫特的观点来考虑傻瓜和骗子，你就不像是美国人了。Translation: Detailed reading1 We shall all have Detailed readingWe shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough. Explanation:“Make it” is an informal expression that means “succeed in moving to a certain place.”当我

48、们拥有的财产足够多的时候，我们将到达天堂。Translation: Detailed reading1 deliberatelyDetailed readingdeliberately ad. with a definite intention, not by chance or by accidente.g.He deliberately left his book in her dorm so that he could have an excuse to come back and see her again.The anti-government groups deliberately

49、 stirred up trouble, inducing their supporters to riot.Derivation:deliberate a.Synonym:intentionally, on purpose, purposelyAntonym:accidentallyThe poet lay down and gazed at the bright moon, missing his hometown.Detailed reading1 patriotisme.g.Detailed readingpatriotism n. strong feelings of love, r

50、espect, and duty towards your countrye.g.The Chinese people demonstrated great patriotism in combating the earthquake that struck Sichuan Province in May 2008.Derivation:patriotic a.patriotically ad. Detailed reading1 release 1Detailed readingrelease vt.1) to allow something to be shown in public or

51、 to be available for use 2) If a company releases a film or musical recording, it allows the film to be shown in cinemas, or makes the musical recording available for the public to buye.g.We have to release the news before 5 oclock tomorrow morning.Paul McCartneys new album will be released at the e

52、nd of the month.Detailed reading1 release 2Detailed readingHer latest release is a rock n roll version of My Way.Derivation:release n.e.g.Collocation:be on / in general releasepress release （政府机构、政党等发布的）新闻稿Detailed reading1- therapytherapy n. a form of treatment for an illness or medical conditione.

53、g.The therapy involves getting the patients to tell the doctor about their early childhood. Nowadays, occupational therapy is accepted by more and more people. Detailed readingCollocation:undergo therapySynonym:treatmentDetailed reading1 flawlessDetailed readingflawless a. without any mistakes, mark

54、s or bad featuree.g.The baby was plump, his skin flawless and his eyes bright blue.The flawless launch was watched by millions of people on television.Derivation:flawlessly ad.flaw n. Synonym:perfect Antonym:imperfectDetailed reading1 exhaleDetailed readingexhale vt. / vi. breathe air out through yo

55、ur mouth or nosee.g.Hold your breath for five seconds and then exhale slowly.He exhaled smoke hurriedly to continue his urgent work.Derivation:exhalation n.Antonym:inhaleDetailed reading1 displayDetailed readingdisplay vt. to give a clear demonstration of (a quality, emotion, or skill)e.g.The new ma

56、rket displayed a great many goods for sale.Derivation:display n.Synonym:present, demonstrateDetailed reading1 perpetual Detailed readingperpetual a. continuing all the timee.g.Her husbands perpetual jealousy made her feel anxious.He soon grew tired of her perpetual demands for money.She perpetually

57、wore a worried look on her face.Derivation:perpetually ad.e.g.Synonym:permanent, eternalDetailed reading1 ActivityDetailed readingDiscussionNowadays, people are all busy pursuing their set goals such as wealth, honor, happiness, or excitement etc. What do you pursue in your life? Discuss with your p

58、artners and try to use the following words.pursue issue deliberately patriotism releasetherapy flawless exhale display perpetualDetailed reading1 run out of Detailed readingrun out of not having any more of ite.g.I hope we see a gas station soon were running out of fuel.In the end she ran out of pat

59、ience and started hitting him.We air-freighted the shipment because our agent had run out of stock. 我们空运了这批货物，是因为我们的代理商已用完库存了。Detailed reading1 materialisticDetailed readingmaterialistic a. believing that having money and possessions is the most important thing in lifee.g.Members of this sect have r

60、ejected modern materialistic values.Derivation:materialism n. Synonym:money-oriented, acquisitive Antonym:spiritualDetailed reading1 devoutDetailed readingdevout a. (usually before a noun) very religiouse.g.His father is a devout Buddhist.Derivation:devoutly ad.devoutness n.Antonym:pious, dedicatedD