商务英语词汇翻译(一)

1、商务英语词汇翻译Translation of words in Business English Translation 商务英语性质与特点商务英语性质与特点 1. 1. 用词正式、严谨、准确用词正式、严谨、准确 construe; interim; grant; levy; utilize 2. 2. 常用缩略词、外来词、古体词常用缩略词、外来词、古体词 YR TLX 28 TH RCVD; VC; B/L; POD; L/C; F.O.B herewith; herein; hereunder; hereof; hereby 3. 3. 句法复杂，多介词、被动、非谓语动词、从句等句法复杂，

2、多介词、被动、非谓语动词、从句等 商务英语翻译的标准商务英语翻译的标准 faithfulness, exactness, consistency, fluency解释；解释；临时；临时；提供，让渡财产提供，让渡财产征收，征税；征收，征税；利用利用 试论英汉词义的差异（刘宓庆1980） 灵活之英语词汇灵活之英语词汇 Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words. (Eric Partridge) 独立性较小，含义广泛：man 严谨之汉语词汇严谨之汉语词汇 约定俗成 正名言实。 荀子荀子正名篇正名篇 双音节词受合力制约，不易变

3、通：人民；开端英语词汇多义性与翻译之难 一名之立，旬月踟蹰。 严复严复STORY 故事？故事？【1】This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.这场战争已成为这一代人的最重大的事件事件。【2】Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.有些没有参加那次会议的记者把内情内情捅出去了。【3】Hell be very happy if that story holds up.如果这话这话当真，那他太高兴了。【4】A youn

4、g man came to Scottis office with a story.一个年轻人来到斯科特的办公室报案报案。【5】The story about him became smaller and faded out from the American television by and by.报道中对他的渲染渲染减少了，不久他就从美国电视上销声匿迹。汉英词汇意义的变迁 英语：英语：snowballing Nice （古法语foolish or silly） foolish wanton strange lazy coy modest fastidious refined precis

5、e subtle slender critical attentive minutely accurate dainty appetizing agreeable pleasant Jet; shuttle; yawn; remote The point is, dont try to total the guys that overweight you by far. 汉语：因形见义汉语：因形见义 差距；回收；导游；蹲点；试点；双职工；成活率英译汉常用手段英译汉常用手段 1. 1. 引申引申 （具体 概括化、一般化的词）For the next month or two Kissinger

6、focused on these concerns and others.concern（关注、重视、担心、焦虑）问题 2. 2. 揉合揉合 （扩大汉语词义范围）Detente is an aspiration of Western policy, not a political reality.aspiration (愿望、欲望、期望、心愿、抱负、理想、志向) 企望 3. 3. 融合融合 （灵活变通汉语句式，求神似）It can be said for his justification that he had to give up when any advice he gave her c

7、auses nothing but back talk.凭心而论，他也只好就此罢休，因为每次他给她提意见，她就顶回去。What can easily be seen in his poems are his imagery and originality, power and range.他的诗形象生动，独具一格，而且气势磅礴，这是显而易见的。英译汉常用手段 4. 4. 拆译拆译 （解析化滞，灵活安排）The Western powers would once again have gladly escaped the Soviet initiative.西方国家本来可以再次避开苏联的倡议，那

8、样以来他们就比现在惬意自如了。 5. 5. 增补增补 （补窄就宽）【1】作形容词用的名词sanitation cops 保护环境卫生的警察（美国）attention span 上课（开会）时参加者能集中注意力的时限appointment secretary 负责安排日程的秘书【2】在表意上具有特殊色彩的词devour 狼吞虎咽似的吃； sip 一小口一小口地喝（茶、咖啡等）【3】抽象名词 oneness 一体状态； darkness 一团漆黑【4】合成词autome （automobile + home）流动住宅车商务英语词汇特点及翻译概述 商务英语专业词汇商务英语专业词汇premium (保

9、险费); indemnities (赔偿); tenacy (房屋出租); lease of property(财产出租); 普通词汇在商务英语中的意义及用法普通词汇在商务英语中的意义及用法composition (和解); appreciation of money (货币升值); break-even point(保本点); royalty(提成费); lot (票（货物）); distribution(销售); dump(倾销); aquire(收购); hornor vt.(支付)；accept(兑现); 一词多义现象一词多义现象margin (利润；押金；保证金); discount

10、 (打折；贴现；贴水)P21articles (商品；条款)turnover (营业额；证券成交额；（货物）流动，吞吐；人员更换率)p25 如何正确理解商英词汇意义？如何正确理解商英词汇意义？汉英文化差异与翻译策略汉英文化差异与翻译策略 语境在所有翻译中都是最重要的因素，其重要性大于任何法规、任何理论、任何基本词义。 Newmark 意义对等意义对等（忌望文生义）(E-C)black tea (红茶); golden sugar(赤砂糖)；brown sugar(红糖); black coffee(浓咖啡); strong tea(浓茶); 功能对等功能对等（考虑到其接受性）(C-E)双羊v.

11、s. goats; 白猫v.s.cat；白象v.s. white elephant 蓝天v.s. blue sky好马不吃回头草 兔子不吃窝边草 天涯何处无芳草 Dont fish the fish you let go. Dont fish in your neighbors pond. Shes not the only fish in the ocean.汉英不同的表达习惯大雪heavy snow (而不习惯说big snow)红茶black tea (而不习惯说red tea)红糖brown sugar (而不习惯说red sugar)浓茶strong tea (而不习惯说thick

12、tea)喝汤eat soup (而不习惯说drink soup)丢脸lose face (而不习惯说lose ones face)发脾气lose temper (而不习惯说lose ones temper)露一手show a hand (而不习惯说show ones hand)红眼病green-eyed (而不习惯说red-eyed)减肥lose weight (而不习惯说lose ones weight)闯红灯run a red light (而不习惯说through a red light)不论晴雨rain or shine 而不习惯说(whether) shine or rain近三年t

13、he past three years (而不习惯说the latest three years) 所以，东南西北要说成north，south，east and west商务英汉翻译技巧探索商务英汉翻译技巧探索 直译直译（Literal Translation）（理解原文词义）We spent five hundred dollars on travelling, and a like sum on books.我们旅行花费了五百美元，买书也花费了同样多的钱。Share prices moved ahead today.股票价格今日上扬。 意译意译（Free Translation）（表达：引

14、申）We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.我们坚持主张国际贸易不应是有来无往。And now for the good news: Stockholm residents enjoy sunbathing in November. Antarctic tourism is booming. Siberia has become the worlds breadbasket.这是令人庆幸的消息：斯德哥尔摩居民十一月尚能享日光浴，南极的旅游业日趋兴旺，西伯利亚成了世界粮仓。表达：词类转化表达：词类转化 英

15、语作为英语作为屈折语屈折语(fusional language)liberalization; payment; schematically; simplicity; meticulously 动词化汉语动词化汉语Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will be in the custody of the customs and storage charges are for the importers account.交关税前，进口货物由海关保管，存储费由出口商负担。（名-动）We should advise yo

16、u to get in touch with them for your requirements.建议你方与他们取得联系，洽购所需商品。（介-动）It was clear that they had no desire for cooperation.很清楚他们没有合作的诚意。（形-动）The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1.图一所示是这种新型及其的简图。（副-名）补充词汇 price term world / international market price 国际市场价格 FOB (free on board

17、) 离岸价 C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价 CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价 freight 运费 wharfage 码头费 landing charges 卸货费 customs duty 关税 port dues 港口税 import surcharge 进口附加税 import variable duties 进口差价税 commission 佣金 return commission 回佣，回扣 price including commission 含佣价 net price 净价 wholesale price 批发价 discount / allowance 折扣 retail price 零售价 spot price 现货价格 current price 现行价格 / 时价 indicative price 参考价格 customs valuation 海关估价 price list 价目表 total value 总值翻译工具翻译工具 1知识词典：http:/ 2CNKI翻译助手：http