完形填空解题技巧讲解学习教案

1、完形填空解题技巧讲解完形填空解题技巧讲解(jingji)第一页，共99页。Someone says, “Time is money.” But I think time is _even more_1_ important than money. Why? Because when money is spent, we can get it back. However, when time is2 gone itll never3 return. Thats 4 whywe mustnt waste time.It goes without saying that the5 time is u

2、sually limited. Even a second is very important. We should make full use of our time to do6_something_useful.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who do not know the importance of time. They spent their limited time smoking, 第1页/共99页第二页，共99页。drinking and_7 playing. They do not know that w

3、asting time means wasting part of their own_8 life.In a word, we should save time. We shouldnt 9 leave todays work for tomorrow. Remember we have no time to10 lose.第2页/共99页第三页，共99页。 The word “plastic” comes from the Greek word “Platicos” and is used to describe_1 something_which can be easily shaped

4、.The history of plastics is longer than you might_2 think_. In fact _3the first_ manmade plastics ever to appear on the market was made over a hundred years ago. It was called “celluloid(赛璐璐)”.It was discovered by both an Englishman and an American in the same year._4But_it was the Americans who fir

5、st produced it on a large scale during the year 1860.Everybody was 第3页/共99页第四页，共99页。_5_excited by this new material which could be moulded (用模子(m zi)做) into shapes and _6was_so cheap to buy.Poor young men _7 working_in cities with lots of smoke and dirt were_8able_ to buy white celluloid collars(领子)

6、.The collars were hard and uncomfortable. But they did not have to be sent to wash. The poor young men _9could_ rub them clean every evening with soap and water! Poor mothers,_10_who had not been able to afford playthings _11_for their children, were now able to buy them playthings _12_made of 第4页/共

7、99页第五页，共99页。celluloid. But celluloid had one very serious fault. It caught fire very easily. In fact it burned even more quickly than wood or cloth. There were many terrible accidents, particularly _13_ among children. For years scientists worked hard to find a better plastic material than celluloid

8、. They had _14_ little success. Then in 1932 an American scientist called Baekeland produced a hard plastic material which did not burn. _15It_ became known _16as_ bakelite(酚醛塑料(fn qun s lio).Other plastic materials like bakelite were _17_ alsoproduced. They _18_ were used第5页/共99页第六页，共99页。to make el

9、ectrical fittings and plates and cups. Poor people liked them because they were both cheap and safe, but rich people _19_ disliked them because they were cheap, and because they could only be made _20in _dark colours.第6页/共99页第七页，共99页。As a child，I was truly afraid of the dark and of getting lost；thes

10、e fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.Maybe it was the strange _1_way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that _2_frightened me so much.There was never total _3_darkness_，but a streetlight or passing car lights made clothes hang over a chair take on the _

11、4_shape_ of a wild animal.Out of the corner of my_5_eye_，I saw the curtains seem to move when there was no _6_wind_.A tiny sound in the floor would seem a hundred times louder than that run 第7页/共99页第八页，共99页。in the daylight.My_7_ imagination_ would wild，and my heart would beat fast.I would lie very s

12、till so that the “enemy” would not discover me.Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost，_8_especially_ on the way home from school.Every morning I got on the school bus right near my homethat was no _9_ problem_.After school，though，when all the buses were _10_lined_ up along the stree

13、t，I was afraid that Id get on the wrong one and be taken to some _11_ neighborhood.On school or family trip to a 第8页/共99页第九页，共99页。park or a museum，I wouldnt _12_ the leaders out of my sight.Perhaps one of the worst fears of all I had as a child was that of not being liked or _13_ by others.Being pop

14、ular was so important to me then，and the fear of not being liked was a _14_ one.One of the processes(过程(guchng) of growing up is being able to _15_ and overcome our fears.Understanding the things that frightened us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.第9页/共99页第十页，共99页。 （一）完形填空题

15、的题型特点1. 首句完整 “完形填空” 所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维(swi)导向。2. 语境选择 近几年的高考完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过语境来作出选择。 “语境能力型” 试题具有相当难度，因为完形填空所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。做完形填空题，需要我们立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维(swi)，从语境角度来选择答案。第10页/共99页第十一页，共99页。例如(lr)： (1) Japan is an island co

16、untry and its _ go all over Japan. (2) Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch. (3) Japan is an island country and its _ go over the Pacific looking for the fish groups.(4) Japan is an island country and its_ go on the Pacific looking for the missing peo

17、ple. (5)Japan is an island country and its_ go all over Japan, sending people to and from work. 选择项：A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains 第11页/共99页第十二页，共99页。例如(lr)： (1) Japan is an island country and its _ go all over Japan. (2) Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific

18、 looking for fish to catch. (3) Japan is an island country and its _ go over the Pacific looking for the fish groups.(4) Japan is an island country and its_ go on the Pacific looking for the missing people. (5)Japan is an island country and its_ go all over Japan, sending people to and from work. 选择

19、项：A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains A, B, C, DACB D 例(1)无语境限制，A, B, C, D皆可。 例(2)只有fishing boats能够到太平洋捕鱼，故选A。 例(3)只有 planes 才能飞在太平洋的上空寻找鱼群，选C。 例(4)在太平洋上寻找失踪人员的应是lifeboats, 选B。 例(5).接送人们(rn men)上下班的不会是fishing boats 和lifeboats, 用planes也有 违常理，故选 D。第12页/共99页第十三页，共99页。3. 动名为主 完形填空所给的选项一般是同

20、一词类，或属同一范畴。测试点往往集中于某些词类。高考完形填空题考查动词（58个）、名词（46个）、然后是形容词，副词等。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。这是因为现在的完形填空主要考察语境，而在通常情况(qngkung)下只有实词才能较好地体现语境。4. 难处暗示 难选之处前后多有暗示。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的填空从当时的情况(qngkung)来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要我们继续往下读，我们就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。第13页/共99页第十四页，共99页。第14页/共99页第十五页，共99页。 (二) 完型填空题解题步骤1. 细读首句，预测主

21、题 “完形填空” 所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，建立正确的思维导向。同时也不可忽视尾句前后呼应的作用。2. 通读全文，试选答案根据(gnj)全文大意，以全文为背景，把所给四个选项分别套入空格所在的句子中试填，初步完形空格。试填选项时，一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系。在阅读全文时，不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语等的作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境的关键词，具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下的特殊功能。 第15页/共99页第十六页，共99页。如：but, yet, however, whereas, while 等

22、表示转折或对比；besides, moreover, what is more等表示信息增加; so, so that, therefore, as a result等表示推理结果。4. 细读全文，推敲难题部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步，我们已能将短文中被挖去的词“复位”了一些，对语境的了解更清晰，更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件，联系上下文意，根据常识，运用逻辑推理，结合语境和已选答案所提供的信息，对候选项再次进行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最佳答案。若有些答案实在难以确定，可采用“排除法”，首先排除在语法或内容上明显不符合要求的答案，然后再比较、定夺。可按空格所在位置，从词语搭配、上下文

23、意、习惯用法、词义辨析和语法结构等方面，耐心细致地逐项分析，以求对应。可先读所要填词的句子，复读上一句，兼顾(jing)下一句，即“瞻前顾后”，确保答案的准确无误第16页/共99页第十七页，共99页。第17页/共99页第十八页，共99页。 例1：Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his _1_ and traveling. 1. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work

24、 D【分析和说明】本题较难。误选A的学生较多，很多学生认为他在国外旅游，因此(ync)认为他是玩得很愉快。选错的主要原因是没认真审题，只注重单句的意思，而没注意前句给出的提示。【解答】事实上在此句中，前面提到过on business，而不是指他是纯粹的旅游，因此(ync)应该与work有关。正确答案为D。只有D项可以同时与traveling作enjoyed的宾语。第18页/共99页第十九页，共99页。第19页/共99页第二十页，共99页。 Then, after returning to the United States from a _2_ trip to the Union of Sov

25、iet Socialist Republic (USSR), Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _ 3_ him. The material between his bones became weak.2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerousD. pleasant3.A. fromB. aroundC. insideD. besideBC【分析和说明(s

26、humng)】第2题：咋一看，A，B，D项都可选，如果第一句中学生认为是旅游玩得很愉快，那么选D项的就更多。句中说在此之后，Mr. Cousins got sick病倒了,这是关键的信息词。因此这是一个tiring trip；第3题：不认真看题，那么很容易选B，以为是他身边发生的事。跟第二题一样，读后句就知道，这里的a change只能是他身体内部的变化。因为文中提到The material between his bones became。C。 第20页/共99页第二十一页，共99页。第21页/共99页第二十二页，共99页。例例2：An old lion _ in its cave and

27、pretended to be ill, when some animals came to visit it, the lion killed and ate them.A.sleptB. lay C. lying D. felt sickB【分析(fnx)和说明】如果仅以“主语后面应该跟谓语动词”这一语法规则去分析(fnx)，显然A，B和D都对。但是文中的“killed and ate them”说明狮子并未睡觉，而是在捕食或者伺机捕杀前来探望的动物，从而否定了A。通过“pretended to be ill”这一信息又证实了“狮子并未生病”这一事实，所以又否定了D。因此只有B为正确答案。

28、lay虽表示“卧着”，却有“其大脑清醒”的含义，暗求着狮子随时会突然跃起，扑向靠近它的动物。【解答】答案为B。第22页/共99页第二十三页，共99页。果学生知道果学生知道according to Dr. Green是插入语，是插入语，depend on动词动词词组被故意拆开的话，答案就非词组被故意拆开的话，答案就非常容易了。常容易了。例例1：It will not be _ the teachers and the students meet again.A. before long B. far awayC. long before D. some long第23页/共99页第二十四页，共9

29、9页。例1：It will not be _ the teachers and the students meet again.A. before longB. far awayC. long before D. some long【分析和说明】“before long”为固定搭配，很多学生认为这个答案是对的。但如果再仔细想想就会知道它是一个副词词组，在句中往往直接(zhji)用作状语，而后不跟从句。所以做题时即使是固定搭配或短语，也不能死搬硬套，要具体情况具体分析。【解答】在“long before”句式中，before为连词，可以在后面跟句子，long在此句中是表时间的一种说法。C 第24

30、页/共99页第二十五页，共99页。D. free第25页/共99页第二十六页，共99页。 实用技巧三：用比较判断法来选择答案 有时，在一个段落中，前面的空只凭借一个句子的内容很难做出正确的判断，但是在后面的句子结构中也出现同样的语言结构，这种语言现象便是我们(w men)要找的比较信息部分。了解比较信息部分的结构，能帮助我们(w men)找到前面对应结构中等立存在的答案。例1：Pagoda Street is a street like many others not very _ 1_ , not very wide, _ 2_ wide enough for two buses to pa

31、ss. But it is a _3_ street all the same, particularly during the rush hour.1. A clearB. cleanC. far D. fresh2. A. alsoB. evenC. and D. only3. A. famous B. useful C. busy D. freeB D C 【分析和说明】第1题：此句中说明了这个街跟许多其他的街道一样，这说明了街道的共同特征，不很“宽”当然也不是“很干净”。而不是A“清晰”或是C“远”，这两个不能说明大多街道的共性。第2题：根据上句中的“not very wide”及下句

32、中的提示“wide enough for two buses to pass”，说明街道较狭窄，“仅能让两辆车通过”。第3题：此空前的 But表转折，虽说街道不宽，但。它是一个“繁忙”的街道，且与下文的during the rush hour相对应。【解答】根据文意，此3题答案(d n)分别为B，D，C。第26页/共99页第二十七页，共99页。第27页/共99页第二十八页，共99页。例2：The ancient Greek thinker Diogenes said that there was only one good, namely(也就是(jish), knowledge; and o

33、nly one _1_ , namely, _ 2 _.1. A. better B. bestC. nice D. evil2. A. ignoranceB. disbelief C. lazinessD. deathDA 【分析和说明】第1题：文中only one good为信息词，only限制了good，形成了“绝对关系”，所以后面的部分不会再出现good的同义词或近义词，那么空1 应选择与good相反的词。A，B，C项都是体现(txin)好的方面的词，只有D项符合，evil的意思为“邪恶的”，即使你不知道这个词的含义也可用排除法选出正确答案。第2题：跟在提出例证的转折词namely后面

34、的词，其作用是说明前面的名词的，既然good是knowledge, 那么与之相对应的evil后的词应是与knowledge相对应的反义词ignorance（无知）。而disbelief为“不相信”， laziness为“懒惰”，death为“死亡”，都与原义不符。对比法在完形填空中往往是一种重要的解题方法，扩展词汇面，找出反义词，应用对比关系然后再排除是关键。【解答】根据以上分析，这两题答案分别为D，A。第28页/共99页第二十九页，共99页。除了可以从相同的结构中比较外，还可以利用其他转折词的功能进行比较，常见的转折词有：though（虽然）, at the same time（往往比较两个

35、不同的动作）, even so（尽管如此）, instead（此外）, on the contrary（恰恰相反）, on the other hand（另一方面）, similarly（同样）, but, however（然而）等。在做完型填空时，利用这些词或词组的提示，我们可以判断它们与后面的词、句子的关系，这种关系或许是趋于向其他方面的转化(zhunhu)，或许是与所描述的概念正好相反。A第29页/共99页第三十页，共99页。如：A horse and a donkey, each bearing a burden, were being led by their master. The

36、 donkey asked the horse to take part of its burden, for it was very tired; _ the horse refused.A. but B. then C. andD. so第30页/共99页第三十一页，共99页。英语(yn y)完形填空之解题基本技巧1.从上下文关键词着手；2.从上下文逻辑着手；3.从固定搭配着手；4.从词义辨析着手；5.从生活常识(chngsh)着手；6.从语法知识着手。第31页/共99页第三十二页，共99页。1)Mrs. Black would ask me for my _. She wanted to

37、 know how I thought we should _things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I know_ about stage design!2.A.opinion B. impression C. information D. intention4.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 2handle3第32页/共99页第三十三页，共99页。1) Mrs. Black would ask me for my _. She wanted to know

38、how I thought we should _things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I know_ about stage design!2.A.opinion B. impression C. information D. intention4.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 2handle3第33页/共99页第三十四页，共99页。2) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some place

39、s it is very . A. deep B. high C. cold D. warm 3) Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. moreshallowButandeitherdidnt4) The words, so small, didnt seem _ enough to hold my new life. A. good B. simple C. big D. proper smallntenough第34页/共99页第三十五页，共99页。2) S

40、ome parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very . A. deep B. high C. cold D. warm 3) Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. moreshallowButandeitherdidnt4) The words, so small, didnt seem _ enough to hold my new life. A. good B. sim

41、ple C. big D. proper smallntenough第35页/共99页第三十六页，共99页。1) It has been many years since I was last in London, I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as 2) If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather,_ he did, he would ask

42、 about their familyA.and then B. and so C. even if D but if这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折、让步、因果、递进关系等，并结合(jih)语境选答案。If he didhe wouldhe didhe wouldstill第36页/共99页第三十七页，共99页。1) It has been many years since I was last in London, I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but

43、 D. as 2) If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather,_ he did, he would ask about their familyA.and then B. and so C. even if D but if这类题主要(zhyo)考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折、让步、因果、递进关系等，并结合语境选答案。If he didhe wouldhe didhe wouldstill第37页/共99页第三十八页，共99页。 3) They were clearly

44、 long-standing customers, and I _ they must have stayed faithful to him _ he had promised to sell good quality fruit. - he called every woman “madam” for a start,_ those who clearly were not, but- 6. A. wish B. insist C. declare D. suppose 7. A. when B. if C. because D. though 10. A. yet B. only C.

45、just D. even第38页/共99页第三十九页，共99页。 3) They were clearly long-standing customers, and I _ they must have stayed faithful to him _ he had promised to sell good quality fruit. - he called every woman “madam” for a start,_ those who clearly were not, but- 6. A. wish B. insist C. declare D. suppose 7. A. w

46、hen B. if C. because D. though 10. A. yet B. only C. just D. even7610 stayed faithful to himevery womanthose第39页/共99页第四十页，共99页。1) One evening in early April, my mother told me to fill in at the snack bar 1 a worker who had the flu.-and Im no good 5 money. 1. A. to B. for C. after D. over 5. A. of B.

47、 on C. about D. with2) Lucys classmates always took _ to praise her. A. pains B. time C. efforts D. measures 3.从固定搭配(dpi)着手注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时(tngsh)结合语境选择正确的短语。第40页/共99页第四十一页，共99页。3.从固定搭配(dpi)着手注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词(mng c)的搭配以及形容词与名词(mng c)的搭配等，同时结合语境选择正确的短语。1) One evening

48、 in early April, my mother told me to fill in at the snack bar 1 a worker who had the flu.-and Im no good 5 money. 1. A. to B. for C. after D. over 5. A. of B. on C. about D. with2) Lucys classmates always took _ to praise her. A. pains B. time C. efforts D. measures fill in for 代替(dit)make efforts

49、to do, take pains to do努力做be good with sth 擅于处理- 与-关系好第41页/共99页第四十二页，共99页。4) Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of5) It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clark was _ tea at the time.A. cooking B. makingC. burning D. serving3

50、.从固定搭配(dpi)着手注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时结合语境选择正确(zhngqu)的短语。第42页/共99页第四十三页，共99页。4) Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of5) It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clark was _ tea at the time.A. cooking B. makingC

51、. burning D. serving3.从固定搭配(dpi)着手注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时(tngsh)结合语境选择正确的短语。泡茶(po ch)解析： help oneself to是固定搭配，表示“自取，随便拿” ，符合语境。 第43页/共99页第四十四页，共99页。6) The happiest people dont necessarily have the best of everything; they just _ the best of everything they have.A. learn B. make C.

52、 favor D. try5)I have to work late tonight. I doubt if Ill be able to _ it on time.A. reach B. keep C. take D. make 3.从固定搭配(dpi)着手注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词(jic)的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时结合语境选择正确的短语。第44页/共99页第四十五页，共99页。6) The happiest people dont necessarily have the best of everything; they just _ the best o

53、f everything they have.A. learn B. make C. favor D. try5)I have to work late tonight. I doubt if Ill be able to _ it on time.A. reach B. keep C. take D. make 3.从固定搭配(dpi)着手注意固定的搭配(dpi)，包括动词与介词的搭配(dpi)、动词与名词的搭配(dpi)以及形容词与名词的搭配(dpi)等，同时结合语境选择正确的短语。make it 做成某事make the best of 充分利用，好好(ho ho)珍惜第45页/共99页

54、第四十六页，共99页。1) With her slow and clumsy reactions, she would surely _ her team.A. hold on B. hold out C. hold over D. hold up2) My _ raced back more than thirty years to the dark days of 1941. A. minds B. memories C. thoughts D. brains 4.从词义辨析(binx)着手第46页/共99页第四十七页，共99页。4.从词义辨析(binx)着手1) With her slo

55、w and clumsy reactions, she would surely _ her team.A. hold on B. hold out C. hold over D. hold up2) My _ raced back more than thirty years to the dark days of 1941. A. minds B. memories C. thoughts D. brains 坚持(jinch)；不挂断伸出拖延(tuyn)阻碍slow and clumsy reactionsraced back 头脑；智力记忆思想；想法大脑；头脑第47页/共99页第四十八

56、页，共99页。4.从词义(c y)辨析着手 3) Soon I heard a like that of a door burst in.A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout 4) Give me a hand, he shouted_ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as第48页/共99页第四十九页，共99页。4.从词义(c y)辨析着手 3) Soon I heard a like that of a door burst in.A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout

57、 4) Give me a hand, he shouted_ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as声音(shngyn)哭，大叫嗓音(sn yn)叫，喊一边-一边第49页/共99页第五十页，共99页。zhng)） when it gets _.7) A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dry5.从生活常识(chngsh)着手了解生活常识，结合语境，确定(qudng)相关答案。第50页/共99页第五十一页，共99页。5.从生活常识(chngsh)着手了解生活常识(chngsh)，结合语境，确定相关答案。1) I _

58、the balloon to the wall.A. placed B. tied C. laid D. contributed B第51页/共99页第五十二页，共99页。2)(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the_ hospital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest3）The rail will expand（膨胀(png zhng)） when it gets _. A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dry第52页/共99页第五十三页

59、，共99页。2)(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the_ hospital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest5.从生活(shnghu)常识着手了解生活常识(chngsh)，结合语境，确定相关答案。在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院(yyun)就医，因此答案为D。3）The rail will expand（膨胀） when it gets _. A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dry运用“热胀冷缩”原理，应选C。Imme

60、diatelyjumpedrushed第53页/共99页第五十四页，共99页。6.从语法知识(zh shi)着手了解不同寻常的语法结构，结合(jih)语境，选出唯一答案。1) She was French - perhaps from that place _ he usually spent his holidays. A. where B. when C. which D. how2) The instructor then _ that we find ways to make apologize to people.A. expected B. suggested C. told D.