延续性动词与非延续性动词总结(含练习)

1、仅供个人参考延续性动词与非延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：study, learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以与 表示时间段的状语连用。延续性动词的用法很广，常见于 现在完成时中的句子中, 且常与for, how, long, since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。表示时间段的短语有：1.for+ 段时间, eg: for 2 yea

2、rs; for a long time 等2.since 从句,since he came here;3.since+ 时间点名词 +ago, eg : since last year, since 5 days ago;4. how long;二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move,borrow, lend, buy, move, happen, marry, arrive/reach, post, fall, break, lose, g

3、ive, join, receive, hear, hear from, become 等。终止性动词又叫 瞬间动词或点动词， 瞬间动词的肯定句在一般情况下,不能与表示一段时间的状语或疑问词连用。住是在否定句中，瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语、连词连用,它的含义是好长时间没进行这个动作了，没进行此动作的状态就可以延续。可用于现在完成 时态，但由于动作是瞬时间完成的所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用。英语中常见的非延续性动词在完成时态中可改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短 语，这时可与表示一段时间的的状语连用。这类动词不是不酢用于完成时成。只是不酢用于由how 10ng提问的句子和含

4、 有for+一段时间的完成时态中。常见的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, lose, land, catch, join, kill, find 等。例如：1. He has joined the club for a long time.（ 错 ）2. He has been a member of the club for a long time.（ 对 ）3. His grandfather has died for over 30 years.（ 错 ）4. His grandfather has been dead for over 30 years.（

5、对 ）【注意】之所以将这些动词称为瞬间动词，是因为这些动词在眨眼之间发生并终结。 故不能与表达 段”的长时间状语连用，不论是在进行时还是 现在完成时中。F面的例句是正确的:肯定式疑问式否前疑问否定式He She It has rorked.月工 h? she it worked?He She : has 口工 mRi或 He She Ir taw1凯加版t 或 He He is dying. He has died.一个生物体是死是活，界与其终结生命的前与后的一霎那， 如果上述例句加上了表达段的时间状语，试请问：该人是死是活？5 She:s not workelhe she it nor wo

6、rked Hasn'tfhaeznt he she it worked?IYouThey havt workM*Hav* I w。 you chey worked?I We Youhare no: 欣J.J或 I We You They haven'tworkei 或 rveaiv We'vefwiv You're：ju:v They'vefteiv not worked.Have I We you they n（n 界瓷N"或 Haveti:t: haevnt I We yon 也eytvirked*但是，有几个表示去向的 非延续性动词如go

7、, come, start, leave 等，可以同 表示时间段的状语for短语连用。但要注意，这种用法的 for短语表示的不是句 中谓语动词延续的时间，而是该动词动作完成后再做某事所需要的时间。例如：1. She has gone to Nanjing for three days.(二 She' s come here, intending tostay for three days.)2. Alice has left for Paris for three months. (= Alice has left for Paris, intending to stay there

8、for three months.)3. We are starting for Shanghai for two weeks. (= We are going to Shanghai, and we are planning to stay there for two weeks.)【注意】学生如果遇到与第一点所不符的情况，如本点所讲述，不要轻易下结论为错题”，应该认真分析后再做结论。比如我们学过了这样的结构：make somebody do something;而我们常可见到这样的句子：He made a candle to give light.在这个句子中的宾语后面明显带了 to ,与

9、短语所表达的不符，但我们不要忘 了： make的基本意思为 制造”，并且，不定式结构在短语中充当宾语补足语， 而在例句中充当状语。非延续性谓语动词后有非谓语动词时，可与表示一段时间的状语连用，这时，时间状语所修饰的不是句中的谓语动词，而是非谓语动词。例如：1. She went to work for two weeks. (for two weeks 修饰 to work)2. He began to read English for over an hour. （ for over an hour 修饰 to read.）【注意】了解了上述第二点，这一点要好理解的多：一般情况下，这些 状语

10、都会放在所 修饰的动词或短语附近，稍加分析则不会产生误解。如果非延续性谓语动词是否定完成时时，表示的是一种状态，故可同表示一段 时间的状语连用；如果非延续性谓语动词的完成时表示经常重复的行为，可同表 示时段的时间状语连用，但应慎用。例如：1. She hasn ' t taken part in laborfor weeks.2. I have often gone to Beijing since 1985.这一点的关键是：完成时表达的是 状态”，而后面表达段的时间是： 这种状态持续了如此长的时间在不同的语言环境中，有些动词可以作 延续性动词或非延续性动词， 如：sit, walk,

11、 move, run, feel 等。例如：1. He sat in the grass, watching the sun rising.（延续性动词）2. He sat in the grass and began to read. （非延续性动词）这种用法较为灵活。所以也应灵活分析。从上面的两个句子中我们可以看到：不在具体的句子中，我们无法分清哪个是非延续动词，哪个是延续性动词。只有根据上下文的意思，才好决定。非延续件动词 在肯定句 中与表示时间点的 状语连用, 如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例：He unfortunately passed aw

12、ay last year.他去年不幸逝世。He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词 可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.I haven't heard from my parents for a long time.我有好长时间没收到父母来信了。He hasn't left home for a week.他有一个星期没出门 了。如果要与for+时间段，since十年份，since+时间段+ago , how

13、 long连用时, 瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:非延续性动词延续性动词leavebe away(from)borrowkeepbuyhavebegin/startbe ondiebe deadfinishbe overjoinbe in+组织机构;be a member of+组织机构open sth.keep sth. opencome herebe herego therebe therebecomebecome backbe backcome to/get to/ arrive(in/at)/reach/move tobe (in)/stay(in/

14、at)live ingo (get) outbe output onwearfall illbe illget upbe upcatch a coldhave a coldfall asleepbe asleepget to knowknowwake up/get upbe upclosebe closedget marriedbe married例：(1)他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正： It is three years s

15、ince he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正： It is five days since he came here.不得用于商业用途仅供个人参考正： Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、 (2)句中的 die、 come 为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间&quo

16、t;的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法 ：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式 .(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语， 如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since"表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since. "表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如 :1.

17、He hasn't left here since 1986.2.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.五、终止性动词的否定式与until/till 连用，构成"not+ 终止性动词+until/till ." 的句型，意为"直到才"o如： 1. You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了，你才能离开这里。2. I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.

18、今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。六、终止性动词可以用于when 引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while 引导的时间状语从句中。when 表示的时间是"点时间 "(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是 "段时间 "(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。 而 while 表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：1. When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. （reach 为终止性动词）2. Please look after my daughter while/when we

19、are away. （be away为延续性动词短语）七、终止性动词完成时不可与 how long连用（只限于肯定式）。如:误：How long have you come here?正： How long have you been here?正： When did you come here?误区1瞬间动词的完成时误区之一是：现在完成时表达的是从前发生的动作”，延 续到现在"。而瞬间动词一瞬间便完成了从发生到结束的全过程，能有完成时吗？ 现在完成时虽然动作 发生在过去”但其 影响”持续到现在。因整个存在的时间短， 所以其完成时不与表达 段”的时间连用。2瞬间动词的进行时 误区二：

20、leave, come等终结性动词，没有进行时的形式。 例如come这一个词，（尤其在 肯定句中，可参见第四点）不与表达段的 时间状 语连用。比如我们不说： He has come for days. 而要说：He came days ago. 或: It ' s days since he came.常说的 He is coming. /He is leaving./ He is dying 等, 并不是表示动作正在进行”，而是表示动作即将发生补充练习：1 .When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. ha

21、s leftB. had leftC. has been away D. had been away2. I the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been in3.The factory since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has openedC. was openD. opened4. Mary and Rose friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. hav

22、e become5 .You mustn't until he comes back.A. be away B. leave C. be left6 .The meeting for a week now.A. has finished B. has endedC. has been over7 .Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been in B. has come toC. has taught不得用于商业用途仅供个人参考8.Ben a teacher for 4 years .A. has been B. has be

23、comeC. wasD. became9. I home for a week.A. have returned B. have been backC. returned10. How long he ?A. diedB. has, diedC. has, been dead11. Heat eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept12. He the car for a week.A. bought B. has boughtC. has had13. How long you ill ? Two weeks.A. did fall B. have, fellC. have, been14.Since 2000, he his hometown.A. has left B. has moved awayC. has been away from15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only it for 2 days.A. borrow B. keep C. take16. The bus on the road for 2 hours so far.A. has stopped B. stopped C. ha