高中英语必修4第一单元知识点

1、必修四 unit oneachieve tiv vt.完成；达到【经典例句】By hard working we can achieve anything.只要我们努力，任何事情都能成功。【考点聚焦】同义词：accomplish v.完成（任务等）；2）名词：achievement 成就；功绩entertain entertainment,move - movement,equip - equipmentjudge judg(e)mentm,等。3) achieve的常见搭配：我的记忆卡achieve success 获得成功achieve victory取得胜禾 1achieve one &

2、#39; s purpose达至U 目的achieve one ' s aim 实现目标achieve a good result彳导至U好的结果achieve one ' s goal 实现某人的目标2) mean的用法Mean doing sth. 意味着做Eg. Doing such a thing means wasting time.mean to do sth 打算做某事eg. Do you mean to go without money?behave bheIv vt. & vi .举动；举止；行为表现【经典例句】He behaved with grea

3、t courage in the battle.他在这次战斗中表现得非常勇敢。 【考点聚焦】1） behavio（u）r n.举止；行为；表现；misbehavio（u）rn.不良行为2）常用搭配：behave oneself 使举止好；使举止规矩worthwhile w : （h）wal adj.值得花时间（精力）的；有价值的【经典例句】It is worthwhile to visit the museum.参观这个博物馆是值得的。【考点聚焦】1）区另1J worthwhile 与worth , worthy的用法：worthwhile意为“值得”，指花时间、精力、金钱等去做某事是值得的。

4、如:It is worthwhile to read the book.=It is worthwhile reading the book.= Reading the book is worthwhile.这本书值得一读。但不可以说 The book is worthwhile reading.worth表示“价值”时，后接价值数量词；当表示“值得”时，后接名词、代词或动名词（不能接不定式），常用well修饰，不用very。如：This laptop is worth 10 000 yuan and it is well worth buying.这台笔记本电脑值 10 000元，很值得买。

5、worthy表示"值得"时，常作表语，结构为 worthy of sth. 。如：It is a worthy cause and worthy of our hardworking.这是份高尚的事业，值得我们努力。worthy后面还可接动名词或不定式，结构分别是 worthy of being done和worthy to be done。如：The incident is worthy of being remembered.=The incident is worthy to be remembered .这次事件值得纪念。observe zv vt.观察；观测；遵守

6、【经典例句】 We should strictly observe the discipline.我们应该严格遵守纪律。1)同根词：observer n.观察者observation n.观察；观测2）observe 的用法：They were observed to enter the bank/entering the bank.他们被注意着进了 专艮行。The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his sister. 这个男孩注意着汤姆和他姐姐之间所发生的事。 举行（仪式等），庆祝（节日等）Do you observe Chri

7、stmas Day_in your country?你们国家的人庆祝圣诞节吗？3）当表示 "看" 时， observe , watch , see, notice 的区另U： observe相当于watch carefully ,指从不同的角度长时间地看并研究，尤其用于实验或研 究等场合，如 observe the stars（观察星星），observe the behavior of birds （观察鸟类的习性）等； watch意为“看；观看，特别留意、感兴趣地看运动着的东西”。如 watch TV （看电视）， watch a game （观看比赛） 等；outEg.

8、 I can ' t work out the meaning of the poem.（ 理解， 说出 ） Things have worked out badly.（进行，发展）Work out his income （算出） Work out a plan （制定，拟定） argue ' a： gju ： vi .争论；辩论 vt.争论；说服【经典例句He argued that the experiment could be done in another way.他认为这项实验可以换一种方法做。 2）argue 的用法： argue with over sth. 因为

9、和争辩 ，如：They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies.他们正就夕卜交政策与官员们进行辩论。argue+that 从句，如：We argued that we should be paid more.我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水。argue for/against 提出理由支持/反对，如：He argued against the use of animals in this experiment.他反对用动物做这个实验。entertainment nttennt n.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 例句】 This is

10、a serious novel , not an entertainment.这是一本严肃的小说，不是消遣读物。 【考点聚焦】1）同根词：entertainv.招待；款待；使欢乐；给娱乐； entertaining adj .使人愉快的；有趣的 2）与entertainment 相关的词组： provide entertainment for.为提供娱乐give an entertainment to sb.招待某人inspire nspa vt.鼓舞；感动；激发；启示【经典例句】We are all inspired by the heroic deeds of Dr. Bethune.白求

11、恩的英雄事迹使我们大家深受鼓舞。【考点聚焦】1）名词：inspirationn.灵感；启发；鼓舞人的事或人2）inspire的用法：His speech inspired us.他的发言鼓舞了我们。He inspired me to try again.他鼓励我再试一次。3）inspiring 和 inspired的区另kThe students were all inspired by the inspiring song.学生们都被这首振奋人心的歌曲所鼓舞。communication kmjunkenn. 通讯；通信；交流【经典例句】 He has been in communicatio

12、n with his family.他一直与家里保持联系。strike strak v.打击；才T动n.罢工；袭击【经典例句】 The union leaders called on a strike .工会领导号召罢工。【考点聚焦】1）同根词：striker n.罢工者；打击者；strikingadj.惹人注目的；打击的；stike 的过去式是 struck ,过去分词是 struck 或stricken, 现在分词是 striking 。 2）strike的其他一些词义：vt.打；敲；击；袭击；击中；划火柴。如：I struck a match and held it to his cig

13、arette.我划着一根火柴伸到他的烟上。vt.突然想起；某种想法突然出现；给人留下印象。如：An idea suddenly struck me.我忽然心生一计。consideration knsdrenn.考虑；体谅【经典例句】 After long consideration he agreed to their requests.考虑许久以后，他同意了他们的请求。【考点聚焦】1）同根词：considerate adj.体贴人的；体谅人的；considered adj.经过深思熟虑的；considering prep.考虑到；就而论2）动词consider （vt.考虑；认为）的用法：

14、后接名词、动名词、疑问词+不定式或宾语从句。如：I' m considering changing my job.我正考虑换个工作。（接动名词）take sth. into consideration考虑至 UYour teacher will take your recent illness into consideration when judging yourpaper.deliver dlv vt .递送；生（小孩）；发表（演说等）【经典例句】 The professor delivered a lecture to us yesterday.教授昨天给我们作了个讲座。【考点聚

15、焦】1）名词：delivery n.投递；发送；分娩2）deliver 作“生（小孩）”解时与 bear的区别：She was delivered of a healthy boy.她生下一个健康的男孩儿。bear作"生育”解时是及物动词，如：She bore （has borne）six children.她生了 六个孩子。短语巧记典句考点either.or 不是就是【经典例句】She is either drunk or mad.她不是醉了就是疯了。2）在either.or的句子中，谓语动词的单复数根据就近的主语而定。如：Either you or your twin siste

16、r has broken the glass.不是你就是你的双胞胎姐姐打碎了杯子。同类用法有： neither.nor两者都不neither.nor 的反义词为both.and"两者都"，谓语动词则为复数。be determined to do sth.决心做某事【经典例句】 We are determined to succeed this time.这次我们决心要取得成功。【考点聚焦】1）同义词组：make up one' s mind （to do sth.）2）determine vt.（使）决定；确定，其用法如下：determine+不定式，如：He de

17、termined to learn English.他决定学英语。determine+ 从句，如：He determined that he would leave. 他决定离开。3)be determined to do sth. 短语中determined是形容词，意为"坚定的"，还可作定语。 如：Madame Curie was a determined woman and set a good example to us.居里夫人是一位坚强的女性，给我们树立了好榜样。argue for提供支持的理由，为支持而辩论【经典例句】The workers argued fo

18、r the right to strike.工人们为争取罢工的权力而辩论。【考点聚焦】1）常用搭配：argue with （over）sth.与某人辩论某事，如：They are arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem.他们正和同班同学争论这个难题的解决方案。2）注意argue后面的介词for和against分别表示不同的含义：Some people argue for free trade.一些人为支持自 由贸易辩论。Some people argue against free trade.些人为反对自

19、由贸易辩论。look down upon/on看不起，轻视例句】 I hope you don ' t look down upon/on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起这种工作。反义词组：think highly of2）以look为核心构成的短语：care for 喜欢；照顾【经典例句】Do you care for art? 你喜欢艺术吗？【考点聚焦】1）care for 作"照顾"解时，同义词是look after , take care of 。2）care for 与 care about , take care , take c

20、are of的区另U：care about 指“担心；关心”；take care常用于口语中，意为“当心；注意”；或用于分别时或信末时表示“保重”； take care of 指“照顾；照料；爱护”；3）当care for 表示“喜欢；想要”时，常用于疑问句或否定句。as well as 除之外还；也；和【经典例句】It is important for youas well as for me.这对于你我同样重要。【考点聚焦】掌握as well as 与as well , as good as 的区别:当主语后面跟有as well as 引导的老师和学生一样激动。too , also 。如：

21、他是一个科学家，也是一个诗人。如:as well as 相当于介词，用于肯定句中，起连接作用。 词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。The teacher as well as the students was excited. as well指“也；又”，用于肯定句句尾，相当于 He is a scientist , but he is a poet as well. as good as 指"几乎（是）；等于是“。如： He is as good as dead.他几乎是半死不活了。devote.to 把奉献给【经典例句】 He devoted all his life

22、 to the cause of educatio n.他将全部生命献给了教育事业。2)devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于；沉溺于。如： He devoted himself completely to work.他专心于工作。3) 1)devote oneself /sth. to ( doing) sth. 献身于；致力于如 ：He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他把一生都献给了 为人类谋福 利。He devoted his life to promoting/ the promotion of t

23、he world peace.他一生促进世界和平的发展devoted (adj.)深爱的，全心全意的，忠实的a devoted friendShe is devoted to her family.她深爱她的家庭。句子剖析拓展Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowedto begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。这是一个倒装句。正常语序的陈述句应当是She was allowed to begin her project aft

24、erher mother came to help her for the first few位于句首修饰状语时，主句用倒装结构。“Only +状语”开头的句子要用倒装Eg. Only in this way can we learn English betterOnly then did I realize my mistake.直到那时我才知道我的错误.For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals简古多尔

25、帮助世界上的其他人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。【剖析】1)这个句子用的是现在完成进行时，其结构是have (has) + been+动词-ing形式，它表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在，可能还会再进行下去。2)the rest of的后面可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，但要注意其后面接的词的单复数， 以便决定后面动词的单复数形式。如：The rest of the money was given to his son.他把剩下的钱都给了他的儿子。The rest of the sailors were missing.其余的水手都失踪了。【拓展】辨析：现在完成时与现在完成进行时现

26、在完成时表示动作开始于过去，到现在已经完成了，并且对现在产生了一定影响或结果。如：What have you done?你干了 什么？ I have broken a teapot.我打碎 了一把茶壶。而现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。如：What have you been doing?你一直在做什么？ I have been practising the piano.我一直在练弹钢琴。I did not realize that my homework was to change my life.我没有意识到我的作业竟会改变我的生活。【剖析】这是一个以that引导的宾语从句。在这个宾语从

27、句中，was to change属于“be+不定式”结构，此处表示“不可避免的、将要发生的、命中注定的事”。如：We were sure then that he was to become a very important person.我们当时确信他会成为一位重要人物。【拓展】1) “be+动词不定式”通常用来表示“计划、打算( =be going to )”。如：The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day.这条铁路将在国庆节通车。2） “be+动词不定式”还可表示命令，意为“必须；不得不”。如：You are to do you

28、r homework before you watch TV.你得做完作业才能看电视。It struck me like lightening how difficult it must have been for a woman to geta medical training so long ago when women ' s education was always placed second to men' s.这想法闪电般地划过我的脑海，在那久远的年代，当妇女的教育总是次于男性的时候，一 个女子去学医一定是相当困难的。1）在这个句子中，it是形式主语，真正的主语很长

29、，是由 how difficult引导的主语从句。2）how difficult引导的主语从句中还包含一个由when引导的定语从句，修饰so long ago。3） “must have+过去分词”用来表示对过去某种情况的推测，可能性极大，意为“一定，肯定发生了某事“，只用于肯定句，在疑问句或否定句中常用can/could代替。如：Where can John have put the matches? He can ' t have thrown them away.约翰把火柴放到哪里去了？他不可能把火柴扔了。Further reading made me realize that

30、it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。1）本句主干结构是：reading made me realize that.。是主语+谓语+宾语+宾补的结构。2）that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had gother into medical school是一个由th

31、at引导的宾语从句，作 realize 的宾语；从句中还有一个以it was that.开头的强调句，被强调的部分是 hard work , determination 和good nature 。3）further是形容词far的比较级。far的另一个比较级是 farther o farther 意思是 “（距离、时间上）更远”，further意思是“更远”或“（程度上）更进一步”。如：Can you go any farther?你还走得动吗？【拓展】强调句型1）强调的成分有主语、宾语、宾补，还可以强调时间状语、地点状语、原因状语或方式状语， 但不能强调句子的谓语动词。连接词均用that（

32、强调人时可用 who）,而不用when, where,why 等。强调句在强调主语时，that/who 后边的动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果强调疑 问词，应该把疑问词放在句首。如：It is my parents who/that are singing in the next room.在隔壁唱歌的是我父母。When is it that we ' ll hold a meeting?我们开会是在什么时候？2）强调句中的谓语动词 be可以演变为 might be 或must have been 等形式。如：It might be tomorrow that we should

33、 arrive.我彳门大约在明天至 U达。3）not.until. 句式的强调句形式为 It wasn ' t until.that.。如：It was not until yesterday that I finished the book.直到昨天我才完成这本书。（原句为：I didn ' t finish the book until yesterday.） 语法剖析主谓一致所谓主谓一致就是在句子中，谓语动词必须在人称和数上和主语保持一致。主语一致的情况如果表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Bread and butter is nutritious

34、.奶油面包是有营养的。两个作主语的名词或代词由or , not only.but also., either.or. ,neither.nor.连接时，谓语动词应遵循就近原则，与后面那个主语的人称和数保持一致。如：Neither you nor he is late.你和他都没有迟到。由and连接两个表示单数概念的名词作主语，其主语有 every , each, no, many a 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Every teacher and every student is interested in collecting.所有的老师和同学者 B 对收藏感兴趣。当主语是单数的时候

35、，即使其后有with , along with , together with ,as well as , rather than , like , besides , but , except , in addition to 等词弓I导的短 语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：A woman with two children was seen walking down the street.有人看到一个妇女带着两个小孩朝街道那边走去了。2）单一名词作主语时的主谓一致有些学科名词，在形式上虽然是复数形式，但其实质意义表示单数概念。它们作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：No news is good

36、 news.没消息就是好消息。（谚语）表示偶数出现、且不能拆成单数的工具名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：My glasses are broken.我的眼镜被打碎了。动名词、不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，从句作主语时也用单数形式。如：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。（百闻不如一见）有些集体名词既可以表示单数， 又可以表示复数，这类集体名词作主语时，如果它们所表示的人或物是作为一个整体来理解，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为若干个体来理解， 则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Our class is diligent.我们班的同学都很刻苦。Our class are visiting the park next week.我们班下星期要参观那个公园。其他情况的主谓一致1） the+形容词“the+形容词”表