高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes知识点讲解和练习课堂讲解1

1、高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes知识点讲解和练习课堂讲解一、知识讲授1、In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst .（1）爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。(2)猛冲；突然出现 He burst into the room without knocking.【拓展】burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑 burst into tears = burst out cry

2、ing 突然大哭2、It seemed as if the world was at an end! 【短语归纳】与end搭配的常用短语：come to an end vi.结束（用作谓语）bring/put sth.to an end vt.结束；制止at the end of在尽头（末）（指时间或空间）by the end of到末为止（现在完成时连用）by the end of last.（与过去完成时连用）by the end of next.（用于将来完成时）in the end最后，终于（作状语）on end连续to the end到底without end没完没了的【随堂练习】用

3、at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。（1）How many English words have you learned _ last term?（2）He became an outstanding doctor _.（3）My uncle will fly to China _ this year.4.、In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.（1）n. 残垣断壁；废墟（名词时常用复数） The city lay in ruins after years of bombi

4、ng.（2）v. 毁灭；使破产The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 【拓展】be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭【辨析】ruin，destroy，damage，break与spoil易混词辨析例句ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。The bad weather ruined our trip.destroy表示在

5、肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。What he said destroyed our last hope.damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。The earthquake caused great damage.break一般指“破坏，打破，打碎”的意思。它表示的范围极广，程度也不一。可用于有形的东西，如石头、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。She didn't break the

6、 rules.spoil破坏，糟蹋，其重点在于破坏事物原先的结构、和谐性，使事物不再具有原先的特点，宾语常是景致、食欲、计划等。The apples spoiled.5、Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.【辨析】injury，hurt，harm与wound易混词辨析例句injury多指意外事故受伤。比hurt正式，hurt多指伤痛，而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失。A bullet injured his lefgt eye.hurt既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害；

7、作不及物动词，意为“（身体某部位）疼痛”。指肉体上的伤害时，hurt可与badly,slightly,seriously等连用，但若指精神上的创伤，只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。He hurt her feelings.harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其指不道德的事情。Smoking harmed his health.wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，尤指在战场上受伤。He had a bullet wound in his chest.6、Some of the rescue wor

8、kers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.(1) n.援救，营救The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river. （2）v. 救援；拯救 He rescued a boy from drowning.【拓展】rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把···从···营救出来come to/ go to sbs rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援

9、队a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员【随堂练习】用rescue的适当形式填空（1）The mother, along with her two children, _from the sinking boat by a passing ship.（2）The firemen _ five children from the burning house yesterday. 7、 that hot water give out .（1）分发；发出 Students were giving out leaflets to everyone in th

10、e street. The red radiator gives out a lot of heat.（2）用尽 My money will give out soon.【归纳总结】give out分发；发出；用尽 give sth.away赠送；颁发；泄露give back归还；恢复 give in呈上；投降，屈服，认输give off发出，放出 give over停止，中止give up放弃 give on to/onto sth.朝向，面向；通向8、Your speech was heard by a group of five jueges,all of whom agreed tha

11、t it was the best one this year. (1) n.裁判员；法官；审判员His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。(2) v. 判断；断定 Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。【拓展】judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过判断 as far as I judge 我认为judging from 从来看， 根据判断【随堂练习】用与judge相关的词汇填空（1）_his appearance, he must be a rich man. （2）_ , he must be

12、from the south.二、语法讲解定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词成为先行词。定语从句一般位于先行词之后。引导定语从句的有关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有：that, which, who(whom),whose和as；关系副词有：when,where, why。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语；关系副词在定语从句中作状语。一、关系代词的用法1、关系代词which用来指物，在从句中可作主语或宾语。This is a book which tells about space rocket technology.（作主语）The lette

13、r which I received yesterday was from my brother.（作宾语）The hotel which I stayed in last month is over there.（作介词的宾语）2、关系代词that既可指物，也可指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。They live in a house that was built 200 years ago.（作主语）She is the girl that you saw in school.作宾语）Here is the car that I told you about.（作介词的宾语）注：that在句

14、中作宾语时可省略，需要注意的是that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放到that之前，若要将介词提前，必须将that改成which或whom。Here is the car about which I told you .Is he the man with whom you shook hands just now?3、关系代词who, whom指代人，在句中作主语或宾语。Here comes the girl who wants to see you.I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss music.4、whose表示“某人的”或“

15、某物的”，是所有格作定语，后面必须带名词，且不能省略。I'd like a room whose window looks out onto the sea.注：whose表示所属关系，可以用of which替代。I live in the house whose windows face south.=I live in the house the windows of which face south.二、只能用that不能用which引导定语从句的情况：1、序数词（包括the last）或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。Alice is the most diligent studen

16、t that I have ever known.The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.This is the last bus that we can take.2、先行词被no,one of, every, the only, the very，the right, last, just所修饰时。That's the very point that we should pay attention to.She is the only person that th

17、e old woman can depend on.3、先行词是不定代词（any, all, little, everything, nothing, something, anything, nobody, everybody等）。There was little that he needed.Mr Brown has told us something that we should do in the summer vacation.4、先行词中既有人又有物时。Then we talked about the things and persons that we remembered at

18、 school.5、疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复Which is the book that you like best? Who is the man that is standing at the gate?6、关系代词在定语从句中作to be 的表语时。 Tom isnt the boy that he used to be.三、只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况：1、引导非限制性定语从句。Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2、关系代词的前面有

19、介词。A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.3、先行词本身是that, 宜用which 。 What's that which she is looking at?四、只能用who不能用that引导定语从句的情况：1、先行词是指人的不定代词时，如anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people等。Anyone who failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give hi

20、s reason .Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.2、在There be 结构中，先行词指人时。There is a gentleman who wants to see you .五、as引导定语从句1、as 用作关系代词时，既可以指人，也可以指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它常在the same as，suchas，asas等句型中，as不能省略。Ill buy the same dictionary as you do.2、as引导非限制性定语从句时，代表整个主句的内容。从句可放在主

21、语前、主语后或主语中间。As we all know, China has become a world famous nation.课堂训练一、根据句意以及首字母提示完成单词1、Older students were having difficulty in studying and o_ themselves.2、That place is dirty and s_. 3、In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and b_.4、People began to wonder how long the d_ would l

22、ast.5、F_ water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane.6、Everywhere they looked nearly everything was d_.7、The railway tracks were now u_ pieces of steel.8、Without _ (电)，modern life would be very difficult.9、_ (判断)from his appearance, the manger must be over fifty.10、Dead and _ (受伤的)people l

23、ay everywhere after the terrible accident.二、用适当的关系代词填空1、The building _ wall is white is my uncles house.2、I know the boy _ you are looking for.3、Will you please lend me the very book _ you bought yesterday?4、The student _ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.5、The reason _ comes a

24、fter spring is summer.6、This is the museum _ we visited last Saturday.7、The boy with _ John is talking is my brother.8、The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was talken to the hospital immediately.9、_ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools is increasing.10、Dont read su

25、ch books _ you cant understand.三、单项选择1、We dont need to do extra work this evening. The days work was almost _ now. A. at the end B. at an end C. at one end D. at our end 2、Ive read all the books _ you gave me. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 3、In that big fire all their houses were_, so they had to

26、build new ones. A. hurt B. harmed C. injured D. destroyed 4、The boy _ on the ground _ to me that his hen _ three eggs a day.A. lies; lied; laidB. lying; lied; laid C. lay; lied; lainD. lay; lying; has laid5、Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. it B. this C. which D. th

27、at6、After the Tsunami passed away, all the villages and towns were _. And no being was seen.A. in ruin B. in ruins C. at ruins D. for ruins7、The bus driver was badly _ on both legs in the traffic accident.A. wounded B. broken C. injured D. destroyed8、I havent seen both of her films, but _ from the one I have seen I think shes a promising actress. A. judging B. judge C. judged D. judgment9、 We need a quick reply. I see. Ill send the paper to you _.A. now and then B. sooner or lat