英语直接引语和间接引语PPT课件

1、 Direct Speech and Indirect Speech引语的概念引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引述别人的原话，叫 _;_;直接引语直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语间接引语直接引语通常都用直接引语通常都用_括起来，括起来， 引号引号“ ” “ ” 直接引语变为间接引语直接引语变为间接引语 就是写成就是写成宾语从句宾语从句Direct Speech直接引语直接引语 Indirect Speech间接引语间接引语She said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a

2、 bus.”She said, “I visited Europe last year.”She said she liked singing.She said she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before. 直接引语是陈述句直接引语是陈述句, ,变为间接引语时用变为间接引语时用that引导宾语从句引导宾语从句. .用用say(to me),tell, say(to me),tell, think, wish , hope, see, believe, think, wish , hope,

3、 see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feelagree, expect, hear , feel引述引述。连。连词词thatthat只起连接作用，不做句子成分，只起连接作用，不做句子成分，也无词汇意义，常被省略也无词汇意义，常被省略。从句中的从句中的人人称、时态、称、时态、等相应变化等相应变化. .、人称的变化、人称的变化一一随随主主二随宾二随宾第三第三人称人称不变不变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间接引后与主称变间接引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致

4、持一致引号内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称在变间引后人称不变称不变She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said toLily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引

5、语一般现在时一般现在时 任何时态任何时态 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.注注: : 直引若是客观真理直引若是客观真理, ,变为间引时变为间引时, ,时态不变时态不变. .时态变化2 2宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，

6、从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。 The children didnt know who he was.3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转

7、。 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this, these that, those now then today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before tomorrow the next/following daynext month the next/ following month here there come, bring go, take情态动词情态动词 can, may, mus

8、t could,might,had to 解题步骤解题步骤: :1.1.陈述句陈述句“I dont like computers,” Sandy said to her friends.Sandy said to her friends that I dont like computers.saiddidntsheSandy said to her friends that she didnt like computers.1“I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “I have found my wallet.”

9、 he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.4. “You must come here before five.” he said.5. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”6. “Im glad to get your e-mail.”

10、 He said to me . 直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要把疑问直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变为语序变为陈述语序陈述语序。用。用askask引述，直接引语是一般疑引述，直接引语是一般疑问句问句, ,用用if 或或 whether 连接连接“是否是否”Whether,if ”Whether,if 在从在从句中不做成分，一般情况下，句中不做成分，一般情况下，whetherwhether和和if if 可以替换。可以替换。在在介词介词之后用之后用whetherwhether. .：Everything depends on Everything depends on whe

11、therwhether we have enough money we have enough money。在具有选择意义，与在具有选择意义，与or notor not连用时，往往用连用时，往往用whetherwhether例：例：I dont know I dont know whetherwhether the movie star will the movie star will come come or not.or not. 2.2.一般疑问句一般疑问句: :Is it easy to work out the problem?( They asked him )They asked

12、 himifIt is easy to work out the problem.it is easy to work out the problem.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to work out the problem.直接引语是直接引语是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句, ,变为间接引语时变为间接引语时, ,仍仍用用原来原来的疑问词的疑问词作连词来引导。作连词来引导。由由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词和连接副词when, where, why, how 等

13、连接的等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。又在句中充当句子的成分。宾语从句的语序，无论主句是陈述句还是疑宾语从句的语序，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，3.3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himwhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he

14、harvested the wheat.1. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.2. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _3.Do you go to school on foot? I said to Mike. 4.Is your mother a worker? She asked me. 5.Does Mary study hard? He wants to know. 6. He as

15、ked, “How do you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ it.7.“Where are you these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _these days. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成把动词原形变成动词不定式动词不定式，并在动词不，并在动词不定前加定前加tell, ask, order , advise等动等动词的宾语。词的宾语。注意：注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加否定句，在动词不定式前加not或或never. .Direct Speech

16、Indirect SpeechThe policeman ordered us to be quiet.The policeman ordered:“Be quiet.”The teacher told the boy to open the window The teacher said to the boy ,”Open the window .”宾语从句与简单句的交换宾语从句与简单句的交换由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用时，可以用“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”

17、做宾语的简单做宾语的简单句结构。句结构。例例He didnt know where he would live. He didnt know where to live.1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat dayExercise II2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street

18、 now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I sh