非谓语动词-过去分词的用法讲解学习

1、非谓语动词-过去分词的用法 过去分词作过去分词作定语定语,表示分词动作与所表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在修饰的名词之间存在被动关系被动关系。单一。单一的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在被过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰之后修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。动词动词-ed形式作定语形式作定语 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 除表示除表示“完成完成”的动作之外的动作之外, 还表示还表示“被动被动”的意义。如：的意义。如： spo

2、ken English ；iced beer ；cooked food ; fried chips ; 不及物动词的不及物动词的过去分词常表示过去分词常表示“完成完成”的动作的动作, 而不表示而不表示“被动被动”意义。如意义。如: boiled water; fallen leaves ，the risen sun等。等。 1. The tall man is a returned student 2. My parents are both retired teachers The ground is covered by _ (fall) leaves.fallen Past Partic

3、iple used as attributeShe is drinking _ (boil) water.boiledShe is drinking the water which was boiled. 动词动词-ed形式作定语时，在意思形式作定语时，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。上相当于一个定语从句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a

4、 success 这次会议有很多人出席这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.terrified peoplepeople who are terrifiedreserved seatsseats which are reservedpolluted waterwater that is polluteda crowded rooma room that is crowdeda plea

5、sed winnera winner who is pleased Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B.to be written C. being written D.

6、 written3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 5) Mr. Smith,

7、_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 过去分词作过去分词作表语表语, 表示主语的状态表示主语的状态, 且该状态且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词看作一个形容词, 是形容词化的过去分词。是形容词化的过去分词。如如: Im interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong. When we hea

8、rd of it, we were deeply moved He seemed quite delighted at the idea 动词动词-ed形式作表语形式作表语常见的作表语的过去分词有常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的愉快的)； broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(关闭的关闭的)； astonished(吃惊的吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的拥挤的)； experienced(有经验的有经验的); delighted(高兴的高兴的)； lost(丢失的丢失的)；gone(遗失的遗失的)； disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(担忧的担忧的)；

9、 interested(感兴趣的感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的疲劳的) pleased(高兴的高兴的)；satisfied(满意的满意的)； surprised(吃惊的吃惊的); married(已婚的已婚的)； known(著名的著名的) 等等等等 作表语的作表语的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite等所等所修饰。修饰。 I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。他十分厌倦这工作。 He seemed quite delighted

10、 at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 Past Participle used as predicativeThe shop is _(close).closedCleaning women in big cities usually get _ (pay) by the hour.paidThere are two glasses which are _ (break).brokenThere are two broken glasses.astonished childrenchildren who look astonisheda broken v

11、asea vase that is brokena closed doora door that is closeda trapped animalan animal that is trappedthe tired audiencethe audience who feel tiredComplete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.1) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed2)

12、 The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 能用作能用作宾语补足语宾语补足语的过去分词一般都的过去分词一般都是及物动词是及物动词, ,表示表示“被动被动”或或“完成完成”意意义，作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻义，作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的辑上的动宾关系动宾关系。 She found the door broken in when she came ba

13、ckMy grandfather had his old house rebuilt(1) (1) 动词动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语的动词的宾语补足语, ,这类动词包括这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等等。I have never heard him spoken ill of by others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。我从未听过有人说他的坏话。She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她觉

14、得心里轻松了些。她觉得心里轻松了些。They considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。他们认为这问题解决了。 (2) 动词动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补形式可作使役动词的宾语补 足语足语, 这类动词包括这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。 I have my hair cut once a month 我每个月理一次发。我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood 他正努力使别人听懂自己。他正努力使别人听懂自己。She held her ha

15、nds pressed against her face. 她用双手按着脸。她用双手按着脸。 She had her house repaired 她请人把屋子修好了。她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语宾语+done”结构有三个含义结构有三个含义： 遭遇某种意外情况。遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yeste

16、rday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事完成某事 ( (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与) )。 I have had all my spelling mistakes I have had all my spelling mistakes correctedcorrected 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 He has had one thousand He has had one thousand yuanyuan saved this saved this yearyear 他今年已存了他今年已存了10001000元。元。 (3) 动词动词-

17、ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命形式可作表示希望、要求、命 令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括 like，want, wish, expect, order等等”这一类这一类 动词的后面作宾语补足语。动词的后面作宾语补足语。 He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4) 过

18、去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补”这一这一结构中结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden 周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。上就像一座漂亮的花园。 1) - Good morning. Can I help you? - Id like to have this package _

19、, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed2) The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. played3) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4

20、) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired 过去分词作过去分词作状语状语可表示时间、地点、可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。过去过去分词状语相当于状语从句分词状语相当于状语从句, 若过去分词作若过去分词作状语状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成成动宾关系动宾关系, 即是该分词动

21、作的承受者。即是该分词动作的承受者。China PavilionWhen China Pavilion is seen from the distance, itlooks like a Chinese crown(皇冠皇冠). When seen from the distance, China Pavilion looks like a Chinese crown. Footprints 东方足迹东方足迹 Because the trees were decorated with colorful lights, they made an excellent impression on u

22、s.Because decorated with colorful lights, the trees made an excellent impression on us If we are given a chance to go on a trip by railcar, called “tour of wisdom”, we should treasure it. The Dialogue 寻觅之旅寻觅之旅If given a chance to go on a trip by railcar, called “tour of wisdom”, we should treasure i

23、t.We entered Section 3 low carbon exhibition, as we were followed by a group of beautiful girl models. The Vision 低碳行动低碳行动Followed by a group of beautiful girl models, We entered Section 3 low carbon exhibition.What we felt after the tripThough we were exhausted, we spent a meaningful and unforgetta

24、ble time in it. Though exhausted, we spent a meaningful and unforgettable time in it. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose2. If _ the same treatment again, hes sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given3. _ with the si

25、ze of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 4. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed5. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conf

26、erence. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited6. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 7._for his expert advice, Holmes was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. A. He

27、was known B. Well known C. Having known D. Been known 现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别: : 在定语中在定语中 现在分词作定语常表示现在分词作定语常表示“主动主动”和和“进行进行”, ,过去分词则常表示过去分词则常表示 “ “被动被动”和和“完成完成”; ;被修饰的名词一般是现在分被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语词的逻辑主语, ,是过去分词的逻辑宾语。是过去分词的逻辑宾语。I know the man standing there. 主动主动Is there anything planned for tonight? 被

28、动被动现在分词现在分词: : 表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作过去分词过去分词: : 表示完成的意思表示完成的意思 the rising sun正在升起的太阳正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 已经升起的太阳已经升起的太阳 the falling leaves正在落下的叶子正在落下的叶子 the fallen leaves落叶（已经完成落叶（已经完成） boiling water沸腾的水沸腾的水 boiled water开水开水 过去分词和过去分词和V-ing形式都可以看做一个形形式都可以看做一个形容词，但是：容词，但是：表主动的表主动的, 进行的，进行的， -含有含有“令人令人”

29、之意之意 表被动的表被动的, 完成的，完成的， -含有含有“感到感到”之意之意 V-ing形式形式过去分词过去分词 在表语中在表语中At the sight of the _scene, all the people present were _ to tears.看到这么动人的情景看到这么动人的情景, 所有所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。movemovedmovingWe get _ when we see this _ picture.excitedexcitingexciteamusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; d

30、isappointing, disappointed; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; astonishing, astonished 等。等。英语中这样的分词还有很多英语中这样的分词还有很多, 如：如：注意注意: 作表语的过去分词表示作表语的过去分词表示状态状态,构成被动语态的过去分词表示构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作动作:The book is well written. (表语表语)The book was written by a soldier. (被动语态被动语态

31、) 在在 宾语补足语中宾语补足语中 现在分词作补足语现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系即主动关系);过去过去分词作补足语分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系即被动关系)。如如: I heard someone calling me. I heard my name called. 我听见有人喊我。我听见有人喊我。 在状语中在状语中 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于在于: 过去分词与句子主语构成过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系动宾关系, 而而

32、现在分词与句子主语构成现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系主谓关系。Seeing from the top of the hill , we find the city beautiful .Seen from the top of the hill , the city is very beautiful .1. _ (污染的污染的)air and water are harmful to peoples health.2. The problem _ (在会议上在会议上讨论的讨论的) yesterday was very difficult to solve.Polluteddiscussed

33、at the meeting完成句子。完成句子。3. He became _ (兴奋兴奋) when he heard he had won the first place in the competition.4. I am _ (感兴趣感兴趣) in the story.5. I havent got the film _ (冲冲洗洗)yet.6. Do you know the man _ (站站) beside the door?excitedinteresteddevelopedstanding 7. John Snow told the story about the _ (ast

34、onish) people in Broad Street. 8. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come. 9. There is a car _ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked 10. The experience _ (gain) will be of great value to us.11. These seats are _ (reserve) for you.12. The library is _ (close) on weekends.1

35、3. Dont drink the _ (pollute) water.14. The _ (worry) mother looked at her_ (worry) son, looking _(worry). gainedreservedclosedpollutedworriedworryingworried9. From the dates _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been m

36、arked10. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry11. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried

37、12. Friendship is like money easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept13. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known14. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving;

38、unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking15. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look B. referred to looking C. referred to looks D. referring to looks16. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recor

39、ded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded19. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home_. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 20. He tried to _ in Japanese. A. understand himself B. make himself understanding C. make himself understood D. mak

40、e to understand He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. having noted B. noted C. to note D. noting22. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing23. The flower

41、s _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt24. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding25. _ time, hell make a first class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given26. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the stude